Cheshire cheese is a dense and crumbly cheese produced in the English county of Cheshire, and four neighbouring counties: Denbighshire and Flintshire in Wales, and Shropshire and Staffordshire in England.
| Cheshire | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country of origin | England |
| Region | Cheshire |
| Source of milk | Cows |
| Pasteurised | Frequently |
| Texture | hard crumbly |
| Aging time | 4–8 weeks depending on variety |
| Certification | No |
| Named after | Cheshire[*] |
 Related media on Commons | |
History
editCheshire cheese is one of the oldest recorded named cheeses in British history: it is first mentioned, along with a Shropshire cheese, by Thomas Muffet in Health's Improvement (c. 1580). There is an unsupported myth that Cheshire cheese is referred to in Domesday Book.[1]
Cheshire was the most popular type of cheese on the market in the late 18th century. In 1758 the Royal Navy ordered that ships be stocked with Cheshire and Gloucester cheeses.[2] By 1823, Cheshire cheese production was estimated at 10,000 tonnes per year;[3] in around 1870, it was estimated as 12,000 tons per year.[4]
Until the late 19th century, the different varieties of Cheshire cheeses were aged to a sufficient level of hardness to withstand the rigours of transport (by horse and cart, and later by boat) to London for sale. Younger, fresher, crumbly cheese that required shorter storage – similar to the Cheshire cheese of today – began to gain popularity towards the end of the 19th century, particularly in the industrial areas in the North and the Midlands. It was a cheaper cheese to make as it required less storage.
Sales of Cheshire cheese peaked at around 40,000 tonnes in 1960,[3] subsequently declining as the range of cheeses available in the UK grew considerably. Cheshire cheese remains the UK's largest-selling crumbly cheese, with sales of around 6,000 tonnes per year.[5]
The county remains an important centre for cheese and cheese making, and until 2021, held the International Cheese Awards in Nantwich.
Form
editCheshire cheese is dense and semi-hard, and is defined by its moist, crumbly texture and mild, salty taste. Industrial versions tend to be drier and less crumbly, more like a mild Cheddar cheese, as this makes them easier to process than cheese with the traditional texture. The Cheshire family of cheeses is a distinct group that includes other crumbly cheeses from the North of England such as Wensleydale and Crumbly Lancashire.
Cheshire cheese comes in three varieties: red, white and blue. The original plain white version accounts for most of the production.
Red
editRed Cheshire, coloured with annatto to a shade of deep orange, was developed in the hills of North Wales and sold to travellers on the road to Holyhead. This trade was so successful that the travellers came to believe that all Cheshire cheese was orange, and producers in its home county were obliged to dye their cheese in order to match the expectations of the market.
Blue
editBlue Cheshire has blue veins like Stilton or Shropshire Blue, but is less creamy than Stilton and is not coloured orange as Shropshire Blue is. Historically, it was much favoured in London clubs since the Georgian period. It has a long history, but production ceased in the late 1980s. Recently it has been revived by several manufacturers in England.[6]
See also
edit
- Nantwich Museum, including an exhibition on Cheshire cheese.
- History of agriculture in Cheshire
- Lucy Appleby of Hawkstone Abbey Farm
References
edit- ^ Andrew Dalby, Cheese: a global history (2009) pp. 23-25, 35
- ^ "Nelson and His Navy — Cheese and the Navy". The Historical Maritime Society. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ a b "History Of Cheshire Cheese". Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ Wilson JM. Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (A. Fullarton and Co.; 1870–72) (from A Vision of Britain through Time: Gazetteer entries for Cheshire[permanent dead link]; accessed 4 June 2010)
- ^ "Cheshire Cheese information leaflet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ "British Cheese Board — Blue Cheshire". www.britishcheese.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
External links
edit
- Cheshire cheese at the British Cheese Board Archived 12 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine