The Left Party (Swedish: Vänsterpartiet [ˈvɛ̂nːstɛrpaˌʈiːɛt] , V) is a socialist political party in Sweden.[10][11][12] On economic issues, the party opposes privatizations[13] and advocates for increased public expenditures. In foreign policy, the party is Eurosceptic,[14] being critical of the European Union and opposing Sweden’s entry into the eurozone.[5][15][16] It attempted to get Sweden to join the Non-Aligned Movement in 1980, but did not succeed.[17] The party is eco-socialist,[18] and supports republicanism.[10][12][19] It stands on the left wing of the political spectrum.[20][21][22]
Left Party Vänsterpartiet | |
|---|---|
_logo.svg){kind=logo} | |
| Abbreviation | V |
| Chairperson | Nooshi Dadgostar |
| Secretary | Aron Etzler |
| Parliamentary group leader | Samuel Gonzalez Westling |
| Founders | Zeth Höglund Carl Winberg |
| Founded | 13 May 1917 |
| Split from | Swedish Social Democratic Party |
| Headquarters | Kungsgatan 84, Stockholm |
| Youth wing | Young Left |
| Membership (2023) |  26,942[1] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| European affiliation | European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet Now the People ! |
| European Parliament group | The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL |
| Nordic affiliation | Nordic Green Left Alliance |
| Colours | Crimson Red White |
| Riksdag | 24 / 349 |
| European Parliament | 2 / 21 |
| County councils[9] | 147 / 1,720 |
| Municipal councils[9] | 811 / 12,614 |
| Website | |
| vansterpartiet | |
The party has never been part of a government at the national level; however, it has lent parliamentary support to governments led in the Riksdag by the Swedish Social Democratic Party. From 1998 to 2006, the Left Party was in a confidence and supply arrangement with the ruling Social Democrats and the Green Party. Between 2014 and 2018, it supported the minority government of Social Democrats and Greens in the Riksdag, extending this cooperation to many of Sweden's counties and municipalities; and from 2018 to 2021, until the outset of the 2021 Swedish government crisis, it offered passive support to the Löfven II cabinet formed under the January Agreement, though disagreeing with some of the policies mandated by the Agreement.
The party originates from the split of the Social Democrats in 1917, into the Swedish Social Democratic Left Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska vänsterparti [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs sʊsɪˈɑ̂ːldɛmʊˌkrɑːtɪska ˈvɛ̂nːstɛrpaˌʈiː] ; abbr. SSV), becoming the Communist Party of Sweden in 1921. In 1967, the party was renamed to Left Party – the Communists (Vänsterpartiet Kommunisterna [ˈvɛ̂nːstɛrpaˌʈiːɛt kɔmɵˈnɪ̌sːtɛɳa] ; abbr. VPK); it adopted its current name in 1990.[23] The Left Party is a member of the Nordic Green Left Alliance, and its sole MEP sits in The Left in the European Parliament (GUE/NGL) group. In 2018, the party joined ”Now the People !”.
History
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2019) |
1910s
editRevolutionary fervour engulfed Sweden in 1917.[24] Riots took place in many cities. In Västervik, a workers' council took control of day-to-day affairs. In Stockholm, soldiers marched together with workers on May Day. In the upper-class neighbourhood of Stockholm, Östermalm, residents formed paramilitary structures to defend themselves from a possible armed revolution.[25]
The party originated as a split from the Swedish Social Democratic Party in 1917, as the Swedish Social Democratic Left Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska vänsterparti, SSV). The split occurred when the Social Democratic Party did not support the 1917 Bolshevik revolution in Russia, whereas the SSV did support the Bolsheviks. Another reason for the split was the opposition to Social Democratic cooperation with the Liberals and increasing militarism. The SSV brought with them 15 of the 87 Social Democratic members of parliament and the party's youth wing. Many of the breakaways were inspired by Lenin's revolutionary Bolsheviks, others by libertarian socialism. Almost all SSV leaders eventually returned to the Social Democrats (SAP), but the foundation was laid for a party on the left wing of the labor movement.[26]
1920s
editIn 1921, in accordance with the 21 theses of the Comintern, the party name was changed to Communist Party of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommunistiska parti [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs kɔmɵˈnɪ̌sːtɪska paˈʈiː] ; SKP [ɛskoːˈpeː] ).[27] Liberal and non-revolutionary elements were purged, later regrouping under the name SSV. In total, 6,000 out of 17,000 party members were expelled.[citation needed]
Zeth Höglund, the main leader of the party during the split from the Social Democrats, himself left the party in 1924. Höglund was displeased with developments in Moscow after the death of Vladimir Lenin, and thus he founded his own Communist Party, independent from the Comintern. Around 5,000 party members followed Höglund.
On 23 and 24 January 1926, the SKP organized a trade union conference with delegates representing 80,000 organized workers. This was followed in 1927 by a conference of the National Association of the Unemployed, where the party called for the abolition of the Unemployment Commission (AK).
In 1929, a major split, the largest in the history of the party, took place. Nils Flyg, Karl Kilbom, Ture Nerman, all MPs, and the majority of the party membership, were expelled by the Comintern. The expelled were called Kilbommare, and those loyal to the Comintern were called Sillenare (after their leader Hugo Sillén). Out of 17,300 party members, 4,000 sided with Sillén and the Comintern. Conflicts erupted locally over control of party offices and property. In Stockholm, the office of the central organ, held by the Kilbommare, was besieged by Comintern loyalists. Fist-fights erupted in Gothenburg in a clash over control of the party office. Effectively, the Kilbom-Flyg factions continued to operate their party under the name of Socialist Party, soon renamed Socialistiska partiet. Notably, they took with them the central media organ of the party, Folkets Dagblad Politiken. The SKP started new publications, including Ny Dag and Arbetar-Tidningen.
Under Sillén's leadership, the party adhered to the "class against class" line, denouncing any co-operation with the Social Democrats. Sven Linderot, a dynamic young leader, become the party chairman.
1930s
editThe infamous Ådalen shootings of unarmed demonstrating workers took place in 1931. This development led to increased labour militancy and gave new life to the crisis-ridden SKP.
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936. The SKP and its youth wing sent a sizeable contingent to fight in the International Brigades. 520 Swedes took part in the brigades and 164 of them died there.[28] Simultaneously, extensive solidarity work for the Second Spanish Republic and the people of Spain was organized in Sweden.
During the 1930s, the party was rebuilt; as the Kilbom-Flyg party crumbled, the party base was enhanced. By 1939, SKP had 19,116 members.
1940s
editThe Second World War (1939–1945) was a difficult time for the SKP. The party was the sole political force in Sweden supporting the Soviet Union in the Winter War, which was frequently used as a pretext for the repression against the party. The SKP also supported Soviet military expansion along its Western border. Ny Dag, the main party organ, wrote on 26 July: "The border states have been liberated from their dependence on imperialist superpowers through the help of the great socialist worker's state."[a]
Moreover, the party supported the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. The Central Committee adopted a declaration in September 1939, which read: "The ruling cliques in England and France have, in fear of Bolshevism, in their badly hidden sympathy for Fascism, in fear of workers' power in Europe, refused to enter into an agreement with conditions acceptable to the Soviet Union to effectively crush the plans of the warmongers. They have supported the Poland's refusal to accept Soviet help. The Soviet Union has thus, in clear accordance with its consequent policy of peace, through a non-aggression pact with Germany, sought to defend the 170 million people of the first socialist state against Fascist attacks and the bottomless misery of a world war."[29]
When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in April 1940, the SKP took a neutral stance. In an article in Ny Dag, the German takeover in Norway was described as a "setback for British imperialism".[30]
Following orders by the German delegation in Stockholm, the Swedish government took several repressive measures against the party. The main publications were effectively proscribed (they were banned from transportation, meaning it was illegal to carry SKP newspapers in any form of vehicle). Key cadres of the party and youth league were detained in camps, officially as a part of their military service. In total, 3500 people were interned at ten different camps, the great majority of them communists.[31] Many party activists went underground, including the chairman. A complete ban on the party was discussed in government circles, but never came into effect.[32]
In 1940, the office of the regional party organ in Norrbotten, Norrskensflamman, was bombed. Five people, including two children, were killed. This constitutes the deadliest terrorist act committed in Sweden in the 1900s. One of the financial supporters of the group behind the attack, Paul Wretlind, was a regional leader of the Liberal Party in Stockholm.
During the war, the largest co-ordinated police action in Swedish history took place against the party. 3,000 policemen took part in raids on party offices and homes of party members all over the country. However, the raids failed to produce any evidence of any criminal activity by the party.
The party actively supported resistance struggles in Norway and Denmark. In northern Sweden, party-affiliated workers stole dynamite from mines and smuggled them to the Norwegian resistance. In other parts, the party gave shelter to anti-fascist refugees.
As the military fortunes of the Third Reich waned, the party regained a strong position in Swedish politics. In the parliamentary elections of 1944, SKP got 10.3% of the vote.
In 1945, there was a nationwide metal workers' strike, led by SKP.
In the 1946 municipal elections, the SKP received 11.2% of the vote. Party membership reached its historical peak, at 51,000. These developments, along with developments in the international arena and new Soviet policies of peaceful co-existence, led the party to initiate a re-adjustment of its role in Swedish politics. The electoral gains strengthened the perception that the party would be able to come to power within the parliamentary framework. Likewise, the idea of a "united front" with the Social Democrats gained ground in intra-party debates. The party's trade union policy was changed to adopt a less combative position towards social democracy within the trade union movement. These changes met with some resistance in the party ranks.
However, the onset of the Cold War became a difficult challenge to the party. The electoral gains of the post-war years would not last long. The prime minister Tage Erlander declared his intention to turn "every trade union into a battlefield against the communists".[33] Communists were purged from the trade union movement. However, the party continued its development of the united front strategy.
1950s
editIn the 1952 parliamentary by-elections in Jämtland and Kristianstad, the party decided to withdraw its lists, in order to ensure that the Social Democrats would not lose the elections. The party leadership argued that communists had to make an effort to "ensure a labour majority in the Riksdag". Moreover, the two concerned counties were electoral districts where it was highly unlikely that any communist MP would be elected. However, the leftist minority within the party (led by Set Persson) saw the new line as a capitulation to the Social Democrats.
Another issue concerned the youth league. The party took the initiative to create a broad-based youth movement, looking at similar developments in countries like Finland. In 1952, Democratic Youth (Demokratisk Ungdom [dɛmʊˈkrɑ̌ːtɪsk ˈɵ̂ŋdʊm] ) was founded as a broad youth movement, parallel to the existing Young Communist League of Sweden. The hard-liners saw this as diluting the political character of the movement.
An issue of high symbolic importance was the party's decision to promote joint May Day rallies with the Social Democrats. Yet another issue was the decision to give financial support to the "labour press", which was essentially in the hands of the Social Democrats.
In March 1951, Hilding Hagberg became party chairman.[34]
The intra-party polemic reached its peak at the 1953 party congress. Persson fiercely expressed his criticism, particularly towards the new party chairman Hagberg, whom he branded as an opportunist. Persson was in turn accused of being an egoist, and of wanting to divide and damage the party. Criticism was directed towards Persson by Knut Senander and Nils Holmberg, who said that Persson had to be held accountable for lack of political orientation and anti-party actions. Both Senander and Holmberg were considered as being part of the leftist faction of the party, but on this occasion they appeared as the most firebrand defenders of the party line. Only a handful of delegates defended Persson, and those who did clearly highlighted that they did not fully share Persson's critique of the line of the party leadership. In a highly emotional conclusion to the debate, Persson declared his resignation from the SKP in a speech to the congress. After his departure a purge was carried out against Persson's followers within the party, of whom several were expelled.
When Joseph Stalin died the same year, the party organized a memorial, which was addressed by C.-H. Hermansson.
When the Hungarian revolt broke out in 1956, internal party debate surged regarding the position the party should take. In the end, the party leadership chose to support the official Soviet line.
1960s
editIn 1961, leading party members founded the travel agency Folkturist, which specialized in tours of Eastern Europe.[35]
In 1964, C.-H. Hermansson was elected party chairman. Hermansson came from an academic background, unlike previous party leaders. Hermansson initiated a change in the political direction of the party towards Eurocommunism and Nordic popular socialism.
Ahead of the 1967 party congress, a heated debate took place. Several distinct tendencies were present. One section wanted to transform the party into a non-communist party, along the lines of the Danish Socialist People's Party (SF), and thus proposed that the party should change its name to Vänsterpartiet ("Left Party"). Another section, largely based amongst the trade union cadre of the party, wanted to maintain the SKP's communist character and the fraternal bond with the CPSU. Former party leader Hagberg, who was associated with the pro-Soviet group, tried to launch the name Arbetets Parti (pronounced [ˈârːbeːtɛts paˈʈiː] ; "Party of Labour"), as a compromise. The party leadership came up with another compromise, and the name was changed to Left Party – the Communists (VPK). VPK continued on the Eurocommunist course, but with a loud pro-Soviet minority grouped around Norrskensflamman. Moreover, there was a small pro-Chinese group led by Bo Gustafsson and Nils Holmberg, that left the party to form Communist Party of Sweden (Kommunistiska Förbundet Marxist-Leninisterna; KFML) at the time of the congress. The youth wing broke away, eventually forming Marxist-Leninistiska Kampförbundet (MLK).
In 1968, VPK was the first Swedish party to publicly condemn the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia. The party organized a demonstration outside the Soviet embassy in Stockholm, which was addressed by Hermansson. This disapproval of Soviet aggression was exceptional among the Western communist parties.[citation needed] The party line on Czechoslovakia irritated the pro-Soviet minority.
In the municipal elections of 1968, the VPK received 3,8% of the votes, the party's worst electoral result in the post-war era. Lacking a functioning youth and student wing, the party was unable to capitalize on the international surge of youth radicalism.
At the onset of protests against the U.S. war in Vietnam, the VPK launched the Swedish Vietnam Committee. The Committee demanded 'Peace in Vietnam' and appealed for all-party unity on the issue. The committee was rapidly out-manoeuvered by the United NLF Groups (DFFG), an organization led by the KFML that was actively supporting the armed struggle of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam. Soon, the VPK left the Swedish Vietnam Committee and many members became active in the DFFG.
1970s
editIn 1970, the youth wing was refounded as Kommunistisk Ungdom (pronounced [kɔmɵˈnɪ̌sːtɪsk ˈɵ̂ŋdʊm] ; KU).
In 1972, the party shifted towards a more leftist position with the adaptation of a new programme. The neo-Leninist tendency emerged as an important section of the party.
In 1975, Lars Werner was elected party chairman. The runner-up candidate was Rolf Hagel of the pro-Soviet group. Werner was elected with 162 votes at the party congress. Hagel got 74 votes.
In February 1977, the pro-Soviet minority left the party, and founded the Workers' Party – Communists (APK). The founders of the APK took with them the newspaper Norrskensflamman and two MPs (Hagel and Alf Löwenborg). Between 1,500 and 2,000 VPK members joined the APK.[b]
1980s
editIn 1980, the VPK was active in the "No"-campaign in the referendum on nuclear power.
1990s
editIn 1990, the VPK changed its name to Vänsterpartiet ((v), Left Party) and ceased to be a communist party.
In 1993, Werner resigned. Gudrun Schyman was elected party chairman.
In the 1994 parliamentary elections, the party received 6.2% of the vote. The prolonged electoral crisis of the party thus ended. The party's influence started to grow, especially amongst the youth. In the same year, the party was active in the "No"-campaign in the referendum on joining the European Union.
Having passed through a period of severe crisis, the party began to regain public support during the mid-1990s. In retrospect, the main factor behind this shift was not the party itself, but the fact that the Social Democrats had moved considerably towards the right in the preceding years, which had alienated much of its traditional voter base.
At the 1996 party congress, the Left Party declared itself to be feminist.
In 1998, the party obtained its best-ever result in a parliamentary election, winning 12% of the votes nationwide. Following the elections, the party entered into an arrangement with the social democrats, and started to support the government from outside.
2000s
editIn the 2002 Swedish general election, the voteshare of the party dropped by 3% to a total of 8.3%. Simultaneously, the Social Democrats regained 3%.
In 2003, Schyman resigned following tax irregularities. Ulla Hoffmann took over as interim leader.
The 2004 party congress elected Lars Ohly as the new party chairman. At the end of the year, Schyman left the party, becoming a parliamentary independent. Lars Ohly initially called himself a communist, but later retracted that statement.
In the same year, a two-part documentary on the party was broadcast on the SVT show Uppdrag Granskning. The documentary focused mainly on the international relations of the party during the post-war era. Following the broadcast, debate surged once again concerning the relations of the party with the ruling parties in the former Socialist Bloc.[c]
The Left Democrats (Vänsterdemokraterna) party was formed on 28 March 2004, when the local branch of the Left Party in Gnesta voted to leave the mother party. Between 2004 and 2006, the party held the two seats in the Gnesta municipal assembly. The Left Democrats was later, at a meeting in Stockholm on 29 January 2006, constituted as a nationwide party with ambitions of contesting the 2006 parliamentary elections. In the 2006 election, the party gained 12 votes.[36] In 2007 the party was reconstituted as an association and was later dissolved.
In the September 2006 election, the Left Party won 317,228 votes (5.8%; compared to 8.4% in 2002), and therefore 22 Riksdag seats (previously 30). In the 2010 election, the party got 5.6% of the vote (334,053 votes) and 19 seats.
On 7 December 2008, the Social Democrats launched a political and electoral alliance known as the Red-Greens, together with the Left Party and the Green Party.
2010s
editThe parties contested the 2010 general election on a joint manifesto, but lost to the incumbent centre-right coalition The Alliance. On 26 November 2010, the Red-Green alliance was dissolved.[37]
On 6 January 2012, after Ohly had announced his resignation, the Left Party congress elected Jonas Sjöstedt as the new party chairman.
2020s
editOn 31 October 2020, the party elected Nooshi Dadgostar as party leader, following the retirement of Sjöstedt.[38]
On 15 June 2021, the party withdrew its support for the coalition government, after a disagreement on rent controls.[39]
Ideology and policies
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2019) |
Labour policy
editThe party opposes further liberalization of the Employment Protection Act, and vowed to initiate a vote of no confidence against the Löfven II Cabinet if they were to attempt such a liberalization.[40] The party is the only one in the parliament to advocate for a 30-hour work week.[41]
Feminism
editThe Left Party claims that Sweden does not have social equality in regard to gender. The party thus advocates the creation of a specific Minister of Social Equality, as well as to introduce the teaching of "feminist self-defence" in high schools.[42] Feminism as a concept was introduced in the party program in 1997, but it believes that it has always worked to strengthen women's rights. Feminist theory has grown into the party since the 1960s, when the women's movement gained a theoretical basis beyond Marxism.
During the 2020–2022 mandate period, five of the seven members (71%) of the Left Party's executive committee, and ten of the 16 other board members (63%), are female.
LGBT policy
editThe party supports equality for the LGBT community in ''matrimonial law, inheritance law, and family law''. The party also sees its feminism as linked to its pro-LGBT stance.[43]
Immigration and integration
editThe party supports a generous immigration policy, granting refugees permanent residency, and prioritizing family re-unification.[44][45] A strong welfare system and the uniting of families is necessary for refugees to be able to integrate in society, according to the Left Party.[46]
Foreign policy
editIn regards to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the party supports a two-state solution based on the 1967 border. The party calls for the freezing of EU trade agreements with Israel, ending Swedish military co-operation and arms trade with Israel, and a general consumer boycott of Israeli goods to put pressure on Israel.[47][48]
In February 2019, the party dropped a long-held policy that Sweden should leave the European Union.[49] However, by 2022 the party's platform was amended to support leaving the EU once again and called for the European Parliament to be either abolished or fundamentally changed.[50]
Republicanism
editThe Left Party advocates for the abolition of the Swedish monarchy, instead favoring republicanism.[19]
Splits
editDuring its history, there have been several splits of various significance:
- 1919: A group opposed to joining the Comintern left the party.
- 1921: A group refusing to go along with the name-change to SKP was expelled. They formed their own party, called SSV.
- 1924: Zeth Höglund split, and formed his own SKP.
- 1929: Leader Karl Kilbom and the majority of the party were expelled by the Comintern. Kilbom formed a parallel SKP.
- 1956: Set Persson formed the Communist Labour League of Sweden.
- 1967: Pro-China elements formed the KFML.
- 1977: Pro-Moscow wing broke away, formed Workers Party - Communists
- 2004: Party chair Gudrun Schyman split from the party, and formed the Feminist Initiative.
Election results
editParliament (Riksdag)
editPercentage of votes by year:
-
1973 -
1976 -
1979 -
1982 -
1985 -
1988 -
1991 -
1994 -
1998 -
2002 -
2006 -
2010
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1917 | 59,243 | 8.0 (#4) | 11 / 230
|
 11
|
Opposition |
| 1920 | 42,056 | 6.4 (#5) | 7 / 230
|
4
|
Opposition |
| 1921 | 80,355 | 4.6 (#5) | 7 / 230
|
 0
|
Opposition |
| 1924 | 63,301 | 3.6 (#6) | 4 / 230
|
3
|
Opposition |
| 1928 | 151,567 | 6.4 (#5) | 8 / 230
|
4
|
Opposition |
| 1932 | 74,245 | 3.0 (#6) | 2 / 230
|
6
|
External support |
| 1936 | 96,519 | 3.3 (#6) | 5 / 230
|
3
|
External support |
| 1940 | 101,424 | 3.5 (#5) | 3 / 230
|
2
|
External support |
| 1944 | 318,466 | 10.3 (#5) | 15 / 230
|
12
|
External support |
| 1948 | 244,826 | 6.3 (#5) | 8 / 230
|
7
|
External support |
| 1952 | 164,194 | 4.3 (#5) | 6 / 230
|
3
|
External support |
| 1956 | 194,016 | 5.0 (#5) | 6 / 231
|
1
|
Opposition |
| 1958 | 129,319 | 3.4 (#5) | 5 / 231
|
1
|
External support |
| 1960 | 190,560 | 4.5 (#5) | 5 / 232
|
0
|
External support |
| 1964 | 221,746 | 5.2 (#5) | 8 / 233
|
3
|
External support |
| 1968 | 145,172 | 3.0 (#5) | 3 / 233
|
5
|
External support |
| 1970 | 236,659 | 4.8 (#5) | 17 / 350
|
14
|
External support |
| 1973 | 274,929 | 5.3 (#5) | 19 / 350
|
2
|
External support |
| 1976 | 258,432 | 4.8 (#5) | 17 / 349
|
2
|
Opposition |
| 1979 | 305,420 | 5.6 (#5) | 20 / 349
|
3
|
Opposition |
| 1982 | 308,899 | 5.6 (#5) | 20 / 349
|
0
|
External support |
| 1985 | 298,419 | 5.4 (#5) | 19 / 349
|
1
|
External support |
| 1988 | 314,031 | 5.8 (#5) | 21 / 349
|
2
|
External support |
| 1991 | 246,905 | 4.5 (#7) | 16 / 349
|
5
|
Opposition |
| 1994 | 342,988 | 6.2 (#5) | 22 / 349
|
6
|
External support |
| 1998 | 631,011 | 12.0 (#3) | 43 / 349
|
21
|
External support |
| 2002 | 444,854 | 8.4 (#5) | 30 / 349
|
13
|
External support |
| 2006 | 324,722 | 5.9 (#6) | 22 / 349
|
8
|
Opposition |
| 2010 | 334,053 | 5.6 (#7) | 19 / 349
|
3
|
Opposition |
| 2014 | 356,331 | 5.7 (#6) | 21 / 349
|
2
|
External support |
| 2018 | 518,454 | 8.0 (#5) | 28 / 349
|
7
|
Opposition with other arrangements |
| 2022 | 437,050 | 6.8 (#4) | 24 / 349
|
4
|
Opposition |
European Parliament
edit| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Jonas Sjöstedt | 346,764 | 12.92 (#4) | 3 / 22
|
New | GUE/NGL |
| 1999 | 400,073 | 15.82 (#3) | 3 / 22
|
0
| ||
| 2004 | 321,344 | 12.79 (#4) | 2 / 19
|
1
| ||
| 2009 | Eva-Britt Svensson | 179,222 | 5.66 (#6) | 1 / 18
|
1
| |
| 2014 | Malin Björk | 234,272 | 6.30 (#7) | 1 / 20
|
0
| |
| 2019 | 282,300 | 6.80 (#7) | 1 / 20
|
0
| ||
| 2024 | Jonas Sjöstedt | 464,166 | 11.06 (#5) | 2 / 21
|
1
|
Party leaders
edit- Carl Winberg, 1917
- Zeth Höglund, 1917
- Ernst Åström, 1918
- Karl Kilbom, 1918
- Zeth Höglund, 1919–1924
- Karl Kilbom, 1921–1923
- Nils Flyg, 1924–1929
- Sven Linderot, 1929–1951
- Hilding Hagberg, 1951–1964
- C.-H. Hermansson, 1964–1975
- Lars Werner, 1975–1993
- Gudrun Schyman, 1993–2003
- Ulla Hoffmann (acting), 2003–2004
- Lars Ohly, 2004–2012
- Jonas Sjöstedt, 2012–2020
- Nooshi Dadgostar, 2020–
Publications
edit- Blekinge Folkblad (1943–1957)
- Bohustidningen (1946–1948)
- Borås Folkblad (1943–1957)
- Dalarnes Folkblad (1917–1925)
- Dalarnes Folkblad (1940–1956)
- Folkviljan (1942–1957)
- Folkviljan (1980–1989)
- Gästriklands Folkblad (1921–1922)
- Hälsingekuriren (1919–1923)
- Kalmar Läns–Kuriren (1923–1942)
- Norra Småland (1918–1923)
- Norrlandskuriren (1922)
- Norrskensflamman (1906–1977)
- Piteåbygden (1920)
- Röda Röster (1919–1930)
- Skånes Folkblad (1918–1922)
- Smålandsfolket (1940)
- Örebro Läns Arbetartidning (1940–1956)
- Örebro Läns Folkblad (1919–1920)
- Övre Dalarnes Tidning (1917–1920)
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ The executive editor of Ny Dag, Gustav Johansson (also a long-term Communist MP) concluded after a trip to the occupied Baltics states in 1940: "I have seen three countries, that in the past used to belong to the worst reactionary terror countries of Europe, transformed into free Soviet republics through a peaceful revolution." Both quotes found in Küng, A. Archived 4 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Intelligence reports reveals that the pro-Soviet minority had direct consultations with the embassies of the Soviet Union and East Germany prior to the split. However, it appears that both the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany had urged the group to preserve the unity of VPK. SOU 2002:93 Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, p. 247–251.
- ^ The documentary was made by Janne Josefsson. The background material of the documentary consisted mainly of VPK publications. The new information presented in the documentary consisted partly of anecdotes of Werner's informal relations to the GDR embassy and an individual party member's meetings with the GDR embassy and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia during the 1970s. Nevertheless, the documentary had a significant impact on the public debate.
References
edit- ^ "Medlemsras för Liberalerna – störst tapp bland riksdagspartierna". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). 13 October 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Claire Annesley, ed. (2013). Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-135-35547-0.
- ^ Palme, Simon (2019). "'Den här gången är vi ganska överens'" (PDF) (in Swedish). Uppsala University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2022 – via DiVA.
- ^ "Sweden". www.csis.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ^ a b "EU". vansterpartiet. 12 August 2022.
- ^ Szczerbiak, Aleks; Taggart, Paul (2008). Opposing Europe?: The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism: Volume 1: Case Studies and Country Surveys. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-925830-7.
- ^ "Strong support for the EU in Sweden ahead of European elections". Atlantic Council. 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ [4][5][6][7]
- ^ a b "Mandatfördelning". Valmyndigheten (in Swedish). 8 March 2024. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
- ^ a b Annesley, Claire, ed. (2013). Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-135-35547-0.
- ^ "Swedish Left Party Surges in Polls with Focus on Climate Action & Fighting Privatization". Democracy Now!. 3 July 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2022). "Sweden". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ "Vänsterpartiets Partiprogram P.33" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Sweden". www.csis.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ^ Szczerbiak, Aleks; Taggart, Paul (2008). Opposing Europe?: The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism: Volume 1: Case Studies and Country Surveys. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-925830-7.
- ^ "Strong support for the EU in Sweden ahead of European elections". Atlantic Council. 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ "Utrikesutskottet betänkande 1980/81:UU12". Riksdagen (in Swedish). 1980. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Elvander, Jonas (6 April 2017). "'Planeten kommer inte överleva kapitalismen'". Flamman (in Swedish). Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Monarkin". Vansterpartiet (in Swedish). 2012. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd; Bale, Tim (2017). Left-of-centre Parties and Trade Unions in the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-19-879047-1.
- ^ Jan, Wiklund; Karin, Wakeham; Martin, Turesson (2017). Samhällskunskap 7–9. Utki (in Swedish). Logistikteamet Capensis. ISBN 978-9-185-88780-4. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022 – via Studentapan. See also Fribourg, Christina; Holmlin-Nilsson, Anna; Isaksson, Henrik; Linder, Monika (2020). Utkik 7-9 Samhällskunskap grundbok, 2:a uppl (in Swedish). Gleerups. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Suszycki, Andrzej Marcin (2021). Nationalism in Contemporary Europe: Concept, Boundaries and Forms. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 226. ISBN 978-3-643-91102-5. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Elgán, Elisabeth; Scobbie, Irene (2015). Historical Dictionary of Sweden. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4422-5071-0. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Jaworski, Paweł (21 July 2015). "The Great War and Its Consequences from a Swedish Perspective". enrs.eu (in German). European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ "Sweden's Potato Revolution – The effects of the February 1917 revolution in Russia were first felt in neutral Sweden - Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières". www.europe-solidaire.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ "Partiernas historia: Vänsterpartiet". Popularhistoria.se (in Swedish). 28 September 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ "Griumlund, Otto". Biographical dictionary of the Comintern. Stanford: The Hoover Institution Press. 1973. p. 155.
When the Left Social Democratic Party changed its name to Communist Party of Sweden at its fourth congress in 1921, he remained in its ranks.
- ^ Sellström, Tor (1999). Sweden and national liberation in Southern Africa. Vol. 1, Formation of a popular opinion (1950-1970). Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstiutet. pp. 64, fn. 1. ISBN 9789171064301.
520 Swedes joined the International Brigades in Spain and 164--almost a third--died there.
- ^ Arbetar-Tidningen, nr 36, 8–14 September 1939, cited in 14:e nordiska konferensen för medie- och kommunikationsforskning. Archived 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine Kungälv 14-17 augusti 1999.
- ^ Ny Dag, April 1940, cited in Vänsterpartiets fastigheter betalades av Sovjet och DDR Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Västerbottensinitiativet". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
- ^ Karl Molin. Hemmakriget – Om den svenska krigsmaktens åtgärder mot kommunister under andra världskriget. (1982) ISBN 91-550-2785-7
- ^ "Från SSV till vänsterpartiet". Arbetarmakt (in Swedish). 1 May 1997. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Linderot, Sven". Biographical dictionary of the Comintern. Stanford: The Hoover Institution Press. 1973. p. 268.
Upon his return, at the fifteenth party congress in March 1951, he surrendered the party presidency to Hilding Hagberg...
- ^ Bechmann Pedersen, Sune (4 May 2018). "Eastbound tourism in the Cold War: the history of the Swedish communist travel agency Folkturist". Journal of Tourism History. 10 (2): 130–145. doi:10.1080/1755182x.2018.1469679. ISSN 1755-182X.
- ^ "Val.se: Slutlig rösträkning 2006". Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ Stenberg, Ewa (26 November 2010). "Det borde bara ha varit vi och S". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "Nooshi Dadgostar is elected new V-leader". Nord News. 31 October 2020. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
- ^ "Swedish government dismisses Left Party demands, faces possible no-confidence vote". Reuters. 15 June 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ Horvatovic, Iva (1 October 2020). "Vad händer nu med las?". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ "Arbetstidsförkortning". 3 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ "Ett Sverige för alla – inte bara för de rikaste". Vänsterpartiet. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Vårt partiprogram". www.vansterpartiet.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Mokhtari, Arash (5 November 2019). "Riksdagspartierna splittrade i frågan om migration". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ "Vi är inte för öppna gränser. Invandringen ska vara reglerad men generös. Krigsflyktingar måste få skydd. Det har Sverige en lång tradition av. Andra länder i Europa måste samtidigt ta större ansvar". Twitter (in Swedish). Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Mattsson, Pontus (6 October 2020). "Det lärde sig politikerna efter flyktingkrisen 2015". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ "Ett Sverige för alla – inte bara för de rikaste". Vänsterpartiet. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Ett Sverige för alla – inte bara för de rikaste". Vänsterpartiet. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010.
- ^ "Sweden's Left Party drops 'Swexit' policy ahead of EU vote". The Local. 17 February 2019. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "Our party program". Vänsterpartiet (in Swedish). Retrieved 3 September 2022.
External links
edit- Vänsterpartiet (in Swedish)
- Vårt partiprogram (in Swedish)