Cosmophasis is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). They are predominantly Southeast Asian,[2] while some species occur in Africa and Australia. Although most species more or less mimic ants, there are also colorful species[3] that follow a different strategy.
| Cosmophasis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cosmophasis baehrae | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Tribe: | Chrysillini |
| Genus: | Cosmophasis Simon, 1901 |
| Type species | |
| Plexippus thalassinus[1] | |
| Species | |
C. bitaeniata uses chemical mimicry to be accepted by the aggressive weaver ant species Oecophylla smaragdina.[4]
One species, said to be not a particularly good ant mimic, was observed living near and preying on ants. According to (Murphy & Murphy, 2000), "to watch the spider stalking and killing its prey is an arachnological spectacular".[5]
Description
editSpecies in this genus are from 3.80 to 8.00 mm long. The cephalothoraxes are pear-shaped(for some males) or rectangular. [6]
Taxonomy
edit
As of November 2021[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[7]
- Cosmophasis albipes Berland & Millot, 1941 – Guinea
- Cosmophasis albomaculata Schenkel, 1944 – Timor
- Cosmophasis ambonensis Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Ambon Island
- Cosmophasis arborea Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – Caroline Islands
- Cosmophasis baehrae Zabka & Waldock, 2012 - Australia
- Cosmophasis bandaneira Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands
- Cosmophasis banika Żabka & Waldock, 2012 - Solomon Islands
- Cosmophasis bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882) – New Guinea, Australia, Micronesia
- Cosmophasis chlorophthalma (Simon, 1898) – New Hebrides
- Cosmophasis chopardi Berland & Millot, 1941 – Ivory Coast
- Cosmophasis colemani Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Queensland)
- Cosmophasis courti Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis cypria (Thorell, 1890) – Java
- Cosmophasis darwini Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Northern Territory)
- Cosmophasis depilata Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
- Cosmophasis estrellaensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Cosmophasis fazanica Caporiacco, 1936 – Libya
- Cosmophasis gemmans (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra
- Cosmophasis harveyi Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis hortoni Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Is.
- Cosmophasis humphreysi Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis kairiru Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis kohi Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis lami Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – East Asia, South East Asia, Pacific islands
- Cosmophasis laticlavia (Thorell, 1892) – Sumatra
- Cosmophasis lucidiventris Simon, 1910 – Gabon
- Cosmophasis lungga Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Islands
- Cosmophasis maculiventris Strand, 1911 – Aru Islands
- Cosmophasis masarangi Merian, 1911 – Sulawesi
- Cosmophasis micans (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland
- Cosmophasis micarioides (L. Koch, 1880) – New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands
- Cosmophasis miniaceomicans (Simon, 1888) – Andaman Islands
- Cosmophasis modesta (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland
- Cosmophasis monacha (Thorell, 1881) – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis motmot Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis obscura (Keyserling, 1882) – Queensland
- Cosmophasis olorina (Simon, 1901) – Sri Lanka
- Cosmophasis ombria (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Krakatau)
- Cosmophasis orsimoides Strand, 1911 – Kei Islands
- Cosmophasis panjangensis Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
- Cosmophasis parangpilota Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Cosmophasis psittacina (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar
- Cosmophasis pulchella Caporiacco, 1947 – Ethiopia
- Cosmophasis quadricincta (Simon, 1885) – Singapore
- Cosmophasis rakata Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
- Cosmophasis risbeci Berland, 1938 – New Hebrides
- Cosmophasis sertungensis Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
- Cosmophasis squamata Kulczyński, 1910 – Solomon Islands, Seychelles
- Cosmophasis strandi Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa
- Cosmophasis tavurvur Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis thalassina (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Malaysia to Australia
- Cosmophasis tricincta Simon, 1910 – Bioko
- Cosmophasis trioipina Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Cosmophasis tristriatus (L. Koch, 1880) – Palau Is.
- Cosmophasis trobriand Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis umbratica Simon, 1903 – India to Sumatra
- Cosmophasis valerieae Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010 – Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Is.)
- Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Doleschall, 1859) – Sumatra to New Guinea
- Cosmophasis waeri Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands
- Cosmophasis weyersi (Simon, 1899) – Sumatra
- Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis Cao & Li, 2016
In 2012, Marek Żabka and Julianne Waldock proposed 5 new species groups, it being the C.thalassina species group, C. bitaeniata species group, C. micarioides species group, C. tristriatus species group, and the C. rakata species group.[6] Formerly placed in this genus include:[7]
- Cosmophasis australis Simon, 1902 → Phintella australis
- Cosmophasis caerulea Simon, 1901 → Mexcala caerulea
- Cosmophasis fagei Lessert, 1925 → Icius fagei
- Cosmophasis nigrocyanea (Simon, 1885) → Mexcala nigrocyanea
- Cosmophasis quadrimaculata Lawrence, 1942 → Mexcala quadrimaculata
- Cosmophasis longiventris Simon, 1903 → Chrysilla lauta
References
edit- ^ Simon, Eugène (1892). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Smithsonian Libraries. Paris : Roret. pp. 553–554. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973. LCCN agr08000137. OCLC 1046005797.
- ^ Donovan, B.; Hill, D. E. (30 April 2017). "Report of Cosmophasis feeding on butterfly eggs in Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)". Peckhamia. 149 (1). eISSN 1944-8120. ISSN 2161-8526.
- ^ Jerzy Proszynski: Cosmophasis
- ^ Nelson, Ximena .J; Jackson, Robert R.; Edwards, G.B.; Barrion, Alberto T. (2006). "Living with the enemy: jumping spiders that mimic weaver ants" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 33 (3): 813–819. doi:10.1636/S04-12.1. S2CID 52000089.
- ^ Murphy, John; Murphy, Frances (1 January 2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society. ISBN 978-9839681178.
- ^ a b Żabka, Marek; Waldock, Julianne (2012). "Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901" (PDF). Annales Zoologici. 62 (1): 115–198. doi:10.3161/000345412X633694. eISSN 1734-1833. ISSN 0003-4541. S2CID 84374906.
- ^ a b "Gen. Cosmophasis Simon, 1901". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
Further reading
edit- Allan, R.A. & Elgar, M.A. (2001): Exploitation of the green tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, by the salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata. Australian Journal of Zoology 49: 129–137.
- Allan, R.A., Capon, R.J., Brown, W.V. & Elgar, M.A. (2002): Mimicry of host cuticular hydrocarbons by salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata that preys on larvae of tree ants Oecophylla smaragdina. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 835–848. doi:10.1023/A:1015249012493
- Elgar, M.A. & Allan, R.A. (2006): Chemical mimicry of the ant Oecophylla smaragdina by the myrmecophilous spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata: Is it colony-specific? Journal of Ethology 24(3): 239-246. doi:10.1007/s10164-005-0188-9
External links
edit- Photograph of Cosmophasis sp. Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- Photograph of C. micarioides Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- Photograph of C. rubra Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine