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Culture of Goa

Goa is a state of India. Goans are commonly said to be born with music and football in their blood because both are deeply entrenched in Goan culture.[1][2][3]

Religion

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Velha Goa is considered to be the heart of Goan culture and religion.

According to the 1909 statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Catholic population was 293,628 out of a total population 365,291 (80.33%).[4] Within Goa, there has been a steady decline of Christianity due to Goan emigration, and a steady rise of other religions, due to massive non-Goan immigration since the Annexation of Goa. Native Goans are outnumbered by non-Goans in Goa, but Christianity remains prevalent in the state, with a higher percentage of Christians than the national average. [5] Conversion seems to play little role in the demographic change. According to the 2011 census, in a population of 1,458,545 people, 66.1% were Hindu, 25.1% were Christian, 8.3% were Muslim and 0.1% were Sikh.[6]

Festivals

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The most popular celebrations in the Indian state of Goa include the Goa Carnival, (Konkani: Intruz), Shigmo and São João (Feast of John the Baptist).[7] The most popular festivals in Goa include Ganesh Chaturthi (Konkani: Chavath),[8] Diwali,[9] Christmas (Konkani: Natalam),[10] Easter (Konkani: Paskanchem Fest), Samvatsar Padvo or Sanvsar Padvo and the feast of St. Francis Xavier, who is known as Goencho Saib by the Catholic Community in Goa.[11][12]

Education

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Main article: Education in Goa

Cuisine

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Main article: Goan cuisine

Rice with fish curry (Xit kodi in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa.[13] Goan cuisine is renowned for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes. Coconut and coconut oil is widely used in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices and vinegar giving the food a unique flavour. Pork and beef dishes such as Vindalho,[14][15] Xacuti and Sorpotel are cooked for major occasions among the Catholics. An exotic Goan vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike. Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special Goan spices that add to the aroma. A rich egg-based multi-layered sweet dish known as bebinca is a favourite at Christmas.[16] Cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the fruit of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the sap of toddy palms.

Architecture

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Main article: Architecture of Goan Catholics
 
Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church at Panjim.

The architecture of Goa shows a distinct Portuguese influence. Fontainhas in Panaji has been declared a cultural quarter, showcasing the life, architecture and culture of Goa.[17]

The Churches and Convents of Goa are a group of six churches that are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[18] The Basilica of Bom Jesus holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, the patron saint of Goa.[19] Once every ten years, the body is taken down for veneration and for public viewing. The last such event was conducted in 2014.[20]

Influences from other eras (Kadambas of Goa, Maratha Empire) are visible in some of Goa's temples, notably the Mahadev Temple[21] and Saptakoteshwar Temple.[22]

Sports

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See also: Goans in sports

Football is the most popular sport in Goa along with Cricket.[23] Athletics, chess, hockey, swimming, table tennis and basketball are other popular sports in Goa. Fishing is also a popular recreational activity.

Science

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See also: Goans in science and technology

Arts

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Music

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Main article: Music of Goa

Goan Catholics have been performing Western classical music since the 1500s, because it is an integral part of the Catholic liturgy. Mando, dekhnni, dulpod and tiatr are traditional Goan musical forms in Konkani developed from Western Music.

Goan Hindus are very fond of Natak, Bhajan and Kirtan. Many famous Indian Classical singers hail from Goa, such as, Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki, Prabhakar Karekar.

 
Fugdi Dancers from South Goa

Dance

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Some traditional Goan dance forms are dekhnni, fugdi, corridinho and dashavatara. Western social dancing is a part of most celebrations.

Theatre

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Goans are very fond of theatre and acting. Kalo and dashavatar were popular art forms. Marathi Nataks have been very popular among Hindus in Goa for the past two centuries. Tiatr is the major Goan form of theatre common amongst Catholics and is the most commercial offering as it has entertained Goans not only in Goa but also in Mumbai and Pune (which are major cities of India and have a sizeable Goan population) and in the Gulf regions of UAE, Kuwait and so on.

Cinema

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See also: Konkani cinema

Literature

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Main article: Goan literature

Language

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The majority of Goans speak Konkani as their first language, while the remaining speak other languages, like Hindi, Portuguese or Marathi as their primary language. However, practically all Goans can speak and understand Konkani. Konkani is an important part of the Goan identity that binds together all Goans.

Tourism

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Main article: Tourism in Goa

Goa developed an international reputation in the 1960s as one of the prime stops on the legendary India-Nepal "hippie trail". In the mid-1960s, several Westerners, including "Eight Finger Eddie" walked over the hill to Calangute, and decided to create a community for Westerners. In the early years, Calangute and Baga were the center of this scene, but it grew over the years to include other nearby cities like Anjuna Beach, which became, and arguably still is, the center of the Western youth culture of Goa. By the mid-1980s, there were over 8000 Westerners living in Goa, mostly from Western Europe. The scene was marked by drug culture, trance music and free love. Goa remains today an international center of youth culture.

Starting in the late 1990s, Goa began to attract a more "upscale" audience, which in turn drove prices up, which in turn drove many in the "hippie" community to other less-expensive areas. Arambol—the beach community furthest away from "civilization", like electricity and running water—became the center of a battle between those wanting to turn Goa into a more traditional upscale resort area, and those wanting Goa to retain its traditional rustic counterculture appeal.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Siqueira, Abigail (7 June 2022). "Is hospitality management a sinking ship?". oHeraldo. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Goan Art And Culture Services". indiamart.com. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  3. ^ Saxena, Ayush. "Tourism Scenario of Goa". Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  4. ^ Ernest Hull (1909). "Archdiocese of Goa". Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  5. ^ Menezes, Vivek (15 May 2021). "Who belongs to Goa? This question resurfaces as the State battles the raging pandemic". The Hindu.
  6. ^ "India's religions by numbers". The Hindu (published 26 August 2015). 29 March 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  7. ^ Administrator. "Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - SAO JOAO". www.goatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  8. ^ Administrator. "Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - GANESH CHATURTHI or CHOVOTH". www.goatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  9. ^ Administrator. "Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - DIWALI". www.goatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  10. ^ Administrator. "Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - CHRISTMAS". www.goatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  11. ^ Bravo da Costa Rodrigues, Maria de Lourdes (2004). Feasts, festivals, and observances of Goa. Goa: L & L Publications. pp. 43–74.
  12. ^ Administrator. "Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - FEAST OF ST FRANCIS XAVIER". www.goatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  13. ^ Chowdhury, Arka Roy (14 November 2018). "Food travel: soul-stirring seafood in India". Times of India Travel. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  14. ^ Taylor, Anna-Louise (11 October 2013). "BBC Food - Curry: Where did it come from?". BBC Food. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Indian Classics - Vindalho de Galinha (Chicken Vindaloo)". www.thetiffinbox.ca. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  16. ^ "Goa government readies to brand Feni as heritage brew". Mid-Day. 23 January 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  17. ^ Datta, Sravasti (18 November 2012). "The quiet Goa: Fontainhas". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  18. ^ "Churches and Convents of Goa". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  19. ^ "Casket housing St Xavier relics in Goa to undergo restoration". The Tribune (Chandigarh). 23 November 2018.
  20. ^ Fernandes, Paul (2 January 2015). "Exposition of St. Francis Xavier's relics ends on January 4". Times of India.
  21. ^ Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla Archived 7 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Esteves, Sarto; de Sousa, Vatsala (1983). This is Goa. p. 19.
  23. ^ "Craze for football has doubled since ISL: Aaren". The Goan. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
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