Cystatin A

Cystatin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTA gene.

CSTA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1CYU, 1CYV, 1DVC, 1DVD, 1GD3, 1GD4, 1N9J, 1NB3, 1NB5, 3K9M, 3KFQ, 3KSE
Identifiers
Aliases	CSTA, AREI, STF1, STFA, Cystatin A, PSS4
External IDs	OMIM: 184600; MGI: 1924020; HomoloGene: 3819; GeneCards: CSTA; OMA:CSTA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human) Band 3q21.1 Start 122,325,248 bp End 122,341,969 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse) Band 16|16 B3 Start 36,041,838 bp End 36,077,810 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in mucosa of pharynx oral cavity gums gingival epithelium body of tongue human penis vulva superior surface of tongue epithelium of nasopharynx skin of thigh Top expressed in granulocyte zygote morula blastocyst blood right kidney proximal tubule suprachiasmatic nucleus secondary oocyte primary oocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function peptidase inhibitor activity protease binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity endopeptidase inhibitor activity structural molecule activity cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity Cellular component cytoplasm intracellular anatomical structure cornified envelope extracellular space nucleus cytosol Biological process negative regulation of proteolysis peptide cross-linking negative regulation of peptidase activity cell adhesion keratinocyte differentiation negative regulation of endopeptidase activity cornification cell-cell adhesion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1475 76770 Ensembl ENSG00000121552 ENSMUSG00000095620 UniProt P01040 Q9D8D6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005213 NM_029733 NM_001384090 RefSeq (protein) NP_005204 NP_084009 NP_001371019 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 122.33 – 122.34 Mb Chr 16: 36.04 – 36.08 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins, and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins of cornified cell envelope in keratinocytes and plays a role in epidermal development and maintenance. Stefins have been proposed as prognostic and diagnostic tools for cancer.

Interactions

Cystatin A has been shown to interact with Cathepsin B and CTSL1.

See also

• Peptide Transporter Carbon Starvation (cstA) Family

Further reading

• Järvinen M, Rinne A, Hopsu-Havu VK (1988). "Human cystatins in normal and diseased tissues--a review". Acta Histochem. 82 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(87)80043-0. PMID 3122506.
• Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM (1997). "Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution". Protein Sci. 6 (1): 5–12. doi:10.1002/pro.5560060102. PMC 2143511. PMID 9007972.
• Kos J, Lah TT (1998). "Cysteine proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors: target proteins for prognosis, diagnosis and therapy in cancer (review)". Oncol. Rep. 5 (6): 1349–61. doi:10.3892/or.5.6.1349. PMID 9769367.
• Rinne A, Järvinen M, Räsänen O (1979). "A protein reminiscent of the epidermal SH-protease inhibitor occurs in squamous epithelia of man and rat". Acta Histochem. 63 (2): 183–92. doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(78)80024-5. PMID 107702.
• Räsänen O, Järvinen M, Rinne A (1979). "Localization of the human SH-protease inhibitor in the epidermis. Immunofluorescent studies". Acta Histochem. 63 (2): 193–6. doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(78)80025-7. PMID 107703.
• Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, et al. (1993). "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 960–9. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301199. PMID 1286667. S2CID 41855774.
• Madsen P, Rasmussen HH, Leffers H, et al. (1991). "Molecular cloning, occurrence, and expression of a novel partially secreted protein "psoriasin" that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin". J. Invest. Dermatol. 97 (4): 701–12. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12484041. PMID 1940442.
• Hsieh WT, Fong D, Sloane BF, et al. (1991). "Mapping of the gene for human cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin A, STF1, to chromosome 3cen-q21". Genomics. 9 (1): 207–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90241-6. PMID 2004763.
• Rinne A, Järvinen M, Dorn A, et al. (1986). "[Low-molecular cysteine protease inhibitors in the human palatal tonsil]". Anatomischer Anzeiger. 161 (3): 215–30. PMID 2424340.
• Kartasova T, Cornelissen BJ, Belt P, van de Putte P (1987). "Effects of UV, 4-NQO and TPA on gene expression in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (15): 5945–62. doi:10.1093/nar/15.15.5945. PMC 306060. PMID 2442723.
• Takeda A, Kaji H, Nakaya K, et al. (1989). "Comparative studies on the primary structure of human cystatin as from epidermis, liver, spleen, and leukocytes". J. Biochem. 105 (6): 986–91. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122792. PMID 2768224.
• Strauss M, Stollwerk J, Lenarcic B, et al. (1989). "Chemical synthesis of a gene for human stefin A and its expression in E. coli". Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler. 369 (9): 1019–30. doi:10.1515/bchm3.1988.369.2.1019. PMID 3067731.
• Davies ME, Barrett AJ (1984). "Immunolocalization of human cystatins in neutrophils and lymphocytes". Histochemistry. 80 (4): 373–7. doi:10.1007/BF00495420. PMID 6429090. S2CID 13559202.
• Machleidt W, Borchart U, Fritz H, et al. (1984). "Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. II. Primary structure of stefin, a cytosolic protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes". Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 364 (11): 1481–6. doi:10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.2.1481. PMID 6689312.
• Söderström KO, Laato M, Wu P, et al. (1995). "Expression of acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) in the normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma". Int. J. Cancer. 62 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910620102. PMID 7541394. S2CID 25265556.
• Tate S, Ushioda T, Utsunomiya-Tate N, et al. (1995). "Solution structure of a human cystatin A variant, cystatin A2-98 M65L, by NMR spectroscopy. A possible role of the interactions between the N- and C-termini to maintain the inhibitory active form of cystatin A". Biochemistry. 34 (45): 14637–48. doi:10.1021/bi00045a004. PMID 7578072.
• Martin JR, Craven CJ, Jerala R, et al. (1995). "The three-dimensional solution structure of human stefin A". J. Mol. Biol. 246 (2): 331–43. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.0088. PMID 7869384.
• Steinert PM, Marekov LN (1997). "Direct evidence that involucrin is a major early isopeptide cross-linked component of the keratinocyte cornified cell envelope". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (3): 2021–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.3.2021. PMID 8999895.

External links

• Cystatin: a protein that flips out! QUite Interesting PDB Structure article at PDBe
• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I25.001