Desia,[1] also Desiya, Kotia[2], Adivasi Odia[2], Desia Odia or Koraputia[3] or Southwestern Odia, is an Indo-Aryan language variety (sociolinguistically considered as a dialect of Odia) spoken in Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada, Malkangiri districts Odisha and in the hilly regions of Vishakhapatnam and Vizianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh.[4] The variant spoken in Koraput is called Koraputia.[3]
| Desia | |
|---|---|
| Desiya, Desia Odia, Kotia, Adivasi Odia, Koraputi Odia, Southwestern Odia | |
| ଦେଶିଆ | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Odisha (Koraput, Malkangiri, Rayagada, Nabarangpur) & Andhra Pradesh ( Vizianagaram District, Alluri Sitharama Raju district , Visakhapatnam District, Anakapalli district) |
| Ethnicity | Odias |
Native speakers | 230,000 (2011 census) |
| Odia | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:dso – Desiyaort – Adivasi Oriya |
| Glottolog | adiv1239 |
Desia serves as the lingua franca among the different ethnic groups in the area[5] and is the major regional tribal-non-tribal dialect continuum of the undivided Koraput district of the Southwestern Odisha region.[6][7][8][9][10]
Phonology
editDesia variety has 21 consonant phonemes, 2 semivowel phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.[11]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a | ɔ |
There are no long vowels in Desia just like Standard Odia.
| Labial | Alveolar /Dental |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ŋ | |||
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
| voiceless aspirated | |||||||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| voiced aspirated | |||||||
| Fricative | s | ɦ | |||||
| Trill/Flap | ɾ | ɽ~ɽʰ | |||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
Desia shows the loss of retroflex consonant like voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] (ଳ) which are present in Standard Odia, and a limited usage of retroflex unaspirated nasal (voiced retroflex nasal) ɳ (ଣ).[12]
References
edit- ^ Masica (1991:426)
- ^ a b "The World Atlas of Languages". UNESCO. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
- ^ a b Belavadi, Vasuki; Jena, Aniruddha (2022), Kaushik, Alankar; Suchiang, Abir (eds.), "Reinforcing Desia Culture Through Community Radio: A Cultural Analysis of Radio Dhimsa in Koraput, Odisha", Narratives and New Voices from India, vol. 8, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, pp. 73–83, doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2496-5_6, ISBN 978-981-19-2495-8, retrieved 2024-11-02
- ^ "Desiya", in Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2020). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-third edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ^ Gustafsson, Uwe (1978). "Procedural discourse in Kotia Oriya". In Joseph E. Grimes (ed.), Papers on discourse, 283-97. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ^ Mohan, Shriya (January 10, 2018). "Speak up, India". The Hindu.
- ^ Vishnu, Uma (May 15, 2016). "This way to school: How dismal indicators for education in Odisha's Nabarangpur are slowly changing". The Indian Express.
- ^ "Census of India : Linguistic survey of India Orissa".
- ^ Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 2. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 20. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 94,95. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ Tripathī, Kunjabihari (1962). The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script. Utkal University. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
Further reading
edit- Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.