Doromu language

Doromu
Doromu
Doromu-Koki
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	Central Province
Native speakers	2000 (2018)
Language family	Trans–New Guinea Manubaran Doromu; ;
Dialects	Doromu; Koki;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kqc
Glottolog	doro1266

Doromu, or Doromu-Koki, is a Manubaran language spoken in the "Bird's Tail" of Papua New Guinea. Doromu has about 1,500 native speakers with half of them living in the capital, Port Moresby. It has three varieties: Koki, Kokila and Koriko.^[2]

Phonology

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Doromu has 17 phonemes: 12 are consonants and 5 are vowels.^[3]

Consonants

Below is a chart of Doromu consonants.

**Table of consonant phonemes of Doromu**
	Labial	Coronal	Velar
Stop	b	tʰ d	kʰ q g
Nasal	m	n
Fricative	f β	s
Tap		ɾ
Approximant		j

Vowels

Below is a chart of Doromu vowels.

**Doromu Vowels**
	Front	Back
High	i	u
Mid	ɛ [ɛ] [e]	o
Low		a

Orthography

From March 18 to March 25 of 2002 in Kasonomu village the current orthography was developed during the Doromu Alphabet Design Workshop. The orthography developed from this workshop were discussed with various areas in the language group and were agreed upon. One problem was how borrowed words with letters not contained in the Doromu orthography would be dealt with. The proposed solution from the native speakers was to spell the loan words as they are spelled in their original language.

^[4]
Uppercase letters	A	B	D	E	F	G	I	K	M	N	O	R	S	T	U	V	Y
Lowercase letters	a	b	d	e	f	g	i	k	m	n	o	r	s	t	u	v	y
IPA	/a/	/b/	/d/	/ɛ/	/f/	/ɡ/	/i/	/k/	/m/	/n/	/o/	/ɾ/	/s/	/t/	/u/	/ʋ/	/j/

Verbs

In Doromu verbs may have suffixes, which affect tense, aspect, mood, or switch reference.

Tense affixes

Past Tense

First person singular is indicated by -(y)aka
Second and Third person singular are indicated by -(y)o
First person plural is indicated by -(y)afa
Second and Third person plural are indicated by -(y)adi

Present Tense

First person singular is indicated by -da
Second person singular is indicated by -sa
Third person singular is indicated by -do
First person plural is indicated by -sifa
Second and Third person plural are indicated by -dedi

Past Tense

First person singular is indicated by -gida
Second person singular is indicated by -giya
Third person singular is indicated by -go
First person plural is indicated by -gifa
Second and Third person plural are indicated by -gedi

Colors

Below is a table of the names of different colors in Doromu.

Doromu	English
blu	blue
bora	yellow, orange
braun	brown
feo	white
gabu	black, blue, brown
kaka	red, purple
vegu	green

The words 'blu' and 'braun' are borrowed from another language. The word 'kaka' can also mean ripe. While 'vegu' is also a noun which means 'life'. 'Kamaidaforo' is the word meaning 'colorful, attractive, glittery, sparkling'.

Numbers

English	Doromu	Literal Meaning
one	yokoi
two	remanu
three	regode
four	vana raro	hand line
five	vana berou autu	hand side empty
six	vana berou autu yokoi maka	hand side empty one only
seven	vana berou autu remanu	hand side empty two
eight	vana berou autu regode	hand side empty three
nine	vana berou autu vana raro	hand side empty hand line
ten	vana ufo	hand clap (two hands together)

References

^ Doromu at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Doromu-Koki". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ Bradshaw, Robert (2012). Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages Doromu-Koki Grammar Sketch. SIL-PNG Academic Publications Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea.
^ Bradshaw, Robert (25 June 2002). "Orthography and Phonology Description" (PDF). SIL International. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)