| Submission declined on 17 October 2024 by Timtrent (talk). The proposed article does not have sufficient content to require an article of its own, but it could be merged into the existing article at French India. Since anyone can edit Wikipedia, you are welcome to add that information yourself. Thank you.
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| Submission declined on 31 August 2024 by Sohom Datta (talk). The proposed article does not have sufficient content to require an article of its own, but it could be merged into the existing article at Chandannagore#History. Since anyone can edit Wikipedia, you are welcome to add that information yourself. Thank you. Declined by Sohom Datta 2 months ago. | |
| Submission declined on 28 August 2024 by OhHaiMark (talk). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified. If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners and Citing sources. Declined by OhHaiMark 2 months ago. | |
Comment: There seems to be no appetite at Talk:French India for a split, so please seek consensus there to merge this in, assuming that is the correct location. 🇺🇦 FiddleTimtrent FaddleTalk to me 🇺🇦 19:04, 17 October 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: This draft is a draft on a subtopic of an existing article, French India. Discussion as to whether a separate article for the subtopic is warranted should be on the talk page of the parent article, Talk:French India.Please discuss the suitability of creating a separate subtopic article on the talk page of the parent article. Please resubmit this draft if there is rough consensus at the parent talk page to create the child article, or with an explanation that the child draft satisfies either general notability on its own or a special notability guide. Robert McClenon (talk) 07:12, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: There are literally no sources. Source your info. OhHaiMark (talk) 19:18, 28 August 2024 (UTC)
French Bengal | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1664-1951 1951-1954 (process of admission to India) | |||||||||||
  Flag | |||||||||||
| Status | Colony of France (1664–1946) Overseas Territory of France (1946–1954) | ||||||||||
| Capital | Chandannagore | ||||||||||
| Common languages | French (de jure) Indian French Bengali | ||||||||||
| Government | Colonial administration | ||||||||||
| Governor | |||||||||||
• 1668–1673 | François Caron (first) | ||||||||||
• 1954 | Georges Escaragueil | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Representative Assembly of French India | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1936 | 166,000 | ||||||||||
| Currency | French Indian Rupee | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | India Bangladesh | ||||||||||
French Bengal was a colony of France from 1664 to 1946 and an overseas territory from 1946 to 1954 under the governance of French India. The territory ceded to India through a referendum in 1951[1][2] from which it went through a process of admission from 1951 to 1954.
History
editFrench colonialism in Bengal began in 1664 after permission to build a fort in Chandannagar. The French fought several battles in Bengal including the Battle of Plassey and Seven Years' War.[3]
Also on 1664, a port in Patna, Baleshwar, and Dacca was created to expand the French trade abroad in different sectors including tea, saltpetre, muslin and different fabrics.[4]
Indo-French Legacy
editFrom the full length of 1664-1954, the French have made positive remarks to the region of Bengal. This including an ethnic group of Indo-French people across South India and Bengal, but also architecture.
Along with several other colonial powers, France spread Christianity throughout India.[5]
Also introducing names, popular names such as Mondol, Paul, De are normalised Bengali and South Indian names introduced by the French.[6]
French Colonialism in Chandannagore (Trade)
editEstablished in 1664, Chandannagore served as a fort city of the French throughout the whole lifetime of French Bengal. The French capitalised on Chandannagore for its maritime commercial status.
"The French settlement in India began in 1673 with the purchase of land at Chandernagore from the Mughal Governor of Bengal. The next year they acquired Pondicherry from the Sultan of Bijapur. Both became the centres of maritime commercial activities of the French in India".[7]
"The First Director of the French East India Company, Deslandes paid 40,000 coins to the Mughal subahdar in 1688 to gain control of the area and build a factory there. But the first Frenchman to possess any subsequent land holding in this area was Du Plessis who bought land of 13 Arpents at Boro Kishanganj, now located at North Chandannagar for Taka 401 in the year 1673–74."[8]
" Chandannagar was established as a French colony in 1673, when the French obtained permission from Ibrahim Khan, the Nawab of Bengal, to establish a trading post on the right bank of the Hughli River. In that year (1673-74) Duplessis, the French Commander,built a house after gathering a plot at Taldanga on the northern part of the present Chandannagar with the permission of Ibrahim Khan, the then Nawab of Bengal.Bengal was then a province of the Mughal Empire. It became a permanent French settlement in 1688, and in 1730 Joseph François Dupleix was appointed governor of the city, during whose administration more than two thousand brick houses were erected in the town and a considerable maritime trade was carried on. For a time, Chandannagar was the main center for European commerce in Bengal. Unlike the rest of India which had been a British colony for two hundred years, Chandannagar was ruled by French."[9]
French Colonialism in Jougdia
editNot much is known about the French owned town of Jugdia, but it was known as a profitable place in the deep south of Bengal for not only the French but the Dutch too with the Dutch East India Company.
French Colonialism in Dacca, (Regency Era) (Muslin productivity)
editThe French first arrived in Bengal during the late 17th century. They maintained trading posts in Dacca and other cities. In 1757, France sent a contingent of troops to Bengal to fight against the British in the Battle of Plassey.
Muslin Production
Whilst in French control, Dacca became a very important port for making Muslin.
"At its peak, muslin was on display at the French court where, at the close of the 18th century, Empress Josephine's muslin dresses set the course for the Empire Line style in France and later in Regency-era Britain. That style centered around muslin".[10]
AramcoWorld (Khademul Islam)
Regency Era in Bengal
During French colonialism and the introduction of British colonialism, the Regency Era was adopted into Bengal after its profit from fabric production.[11]
French Colonialism in Patna (Directorate) (Saltpetre productivity)
editPatna, during its time as a French directorate in the French East India Company was a profitable city along the Ganges. Patna was profitable for the French as it was a large exporter of Saltpetre.
"Yet, Deslandes could purchase from Armenian and Muslim merchants at a higher price, or he could stock 3000 mds of Saltpetre, and wait for another 7000 mds to arrive from Patna".[12]
Anuriddha Ray, JSTOR
French Colonialism in Balasore (Rice trading) (Salt manufacturing)
editEstablished in 1664, Balasore served as a French Colony until 1947 besides the British annexation on 1886. Balasore was a port city along the Bay of Bengal and was important to the French due to its environment for growing rice and making salt.
"The Dutch and Danish settlements were ceded to the British in 1846, but the French holding remained until 1947. In the 18th century Baleshwar became important in rice trading and salt manufacturing".[13]
Britannica
References
edit- ^ BYJU (19 June 2023). "Chandannagar voted in favour of an India merger".
- ^ Telegraph India (29 June 2014). "A vote for India, then and now".
- ^ "Seven Years War". National Army Museum, The Battle of Plassey and The Seven Years War.
- ^ "French Colonialism in India". BYJU, a brief history about French Colonialism in India.
- ^ "Catholics missions". Heritage BNF, French spread of Christianity in Persia and India.
- ^ "The French and the Indians". The Native Heritage Project. 6 May 2013.
- ^ "A French colony that fought the British". The Hindu. 2 July 2012.
- ^ "[Chandannagar] French Settlement of Chandernagore Surveyed Season 1870-71 with a portion of the River Hoogly, and of the Country on its Left Bank". Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps on the history of Chandannagore.
- ^ "Chandannagore: The Historical Place". Chandannagar Word Press, Establishment of a French port on Chandannagar. 10 November 2011.
- ^ Islam, Khademul. "Our Story of Dhaka Muslin". AramcoWorld, providing info on Muslin distribution from French ports in Dacca.
- ^ "Nearly 200 years ago, Dhaka muslin was the most valuable fabric on the planet. Then it was lost altogether. How did this happen? And can we bring it back?". British Broadcasting Channel (BBC), Regarding production in fabric (specifically Muslin) in Dacca and all of Bengal.
- ^ Ray, Aniruddha. "Establishment of the French colony in Patna". JSTOR, French production of Saltpetre in Patna. JSTOR 44148118.
- ^ "History of Baleshwar". Britannica, on the history of Baleshwar (Balasore) and its time under French control. 19 August 2024.
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