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Gleb von Anrep
editGleb von Anrep (23 September 1891 – 11 January 1955) was a Russian-born physiologist whose work contributed to the understanding of cardiovascular physiology [1]. He is credited with describing the Anrep effect [2], a biphasic increase in myocardial contractility triggered by acute afterload, which is considered a fundamental principle in cardiac physiology [3] [4].
Early Life and Family
editGleb von Anrep was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to Professor Vassily Jekaterinoslaw von Anrep and Prascovia Satzepin. The Anrep family descended from Baltic knights and had been ennobled by the Russian Tsar for military service [1]. His father, Vassily, was a pharmacologist who studied at the University of Würzburg in Germany. Vassily conducted early research on cocaine, publishing a paper in 1880 detailing its anesthetic properties, preceding Carl Koller’s report on its use as a local anesthetic by four years [5]. Vassily later founded the Institute of Experimental Medicine in Saint Petersburg, a prominent medical research institution [1].
Education and Career in Russia
editAnrep graduated from the Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg in 1914. During World War I, Anrep served as a medical officer in the Russian Army, earning the St. George Cross for bravery. Following the Russian Civil War, he fled the country after the Bolsheviks' rise to power [1].
Career in England
editAfter leaving Russia, Anrep worked at University College London under Ernest Starling. His research primarily focused on glandular function and cardiovascular physiology. Anrep also collaborated with Ivan Pavlov, translating Pavlov’s work "Conditioned Reflexes" into English and introducing terminology still in use today [6]. In 1923, Anrep was awarded a Doctor of Science degree, and in 1928, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society [1].
Later Career in Cairo
editIn 1931, Anrep accepted a professorship at King Fouad I University in Cairo. His research there included the effects of histamine, adrenaline, and nitrites on coronary circulation. He also investigated khellin, an alkaloid derived from Egyptian plants, as a potential vasodilator [1][7].
Personal Life
editAnrep’s personal life was marked by challenges. His first wife, Olga Wolkow, died by suicide in 1929. His second marriage, to Dina von Anrep, ended in divorce, and his third wife, Ida Weininger, died after a dog bite. Despite these personal tragedies, Anrep maintained a rich intellectual and social life, developing passions for philately and desert exploration [1].
Legacy
editAnrep’s contributions, particularly the description of the Anrep effect, have significantly influenced modern cardiac physiology. His collaboration with Ivan Pavlov, particularly his translation of Conditioned Reflexes into English, introduced essential terminology to Western physiology and remains widely recognized. Anrep died of a heart attack in Cairo in 1955 [1].
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Yentis, SM (April 1998). "Minds and hearts: themes in the life of Gleb von Anrep". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 91 (4): 209–12. doi:10.1177/014107689809100412. PMID 9659311.
- ^ von Anrep, G (9 December 1912). "On the part played by the suprarenals in the normal vascular reactions of the body". The Journal of physiology. 45 (5): 307–17. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1912.sp001553. PMID 16993158.
- ^ Reil, JC; Reil, GH; Kovács, Á; Sequeira, V; Waddingham, MT; Lodi, M; Herwig, M; Ghaderi, S; Kreusser, MM; Papp, Z; Voigt, N; Dobrev, D; Meyhöfer, S; Langer, HF; Maier, LS; Linz, D; Mügge, A; Hohl, M; Steendijk, P; Hamdani, N (August 2020). "CaMKII activity contributes to homeometric autoregulation of the heart: A novel mechanism for the Anrep effect". The Journal of physiology. 598 (15): 3129–3153. doi:10.1113/JP279607. PMID 32394454.
- ^ Sequeira, V; Maack, C; Reil, GH; Reil, JC (5 January 2024). "Exploring the Connection Between Relaxed Myosin States and the Anrep Effect". Circulation research. 134 (1): 117–134. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.323173. PMID 38175910.
- ^ von Anrep, B (1880). "Ueber die physiologische Wirkung des Cocai'n". Plf Arch ges Physiol (21): 38–77.
- ^ Pavlov, PI (July 2010). "Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex". Annals of neurosciences. 17 (3): 136–41. doi:10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309. PMID 25205891.
- ^ Alam, M; Anrep, GV; Barsoum, GS; Talaat, M; Wieninger, E (14 February 1939). "Liberation of histamine from the skeletal muscle by curare". The Journal of physiology. 95 (1): 148–58. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1939.sp003716. PMID 16995071.