List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors which, according to the Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, the benefactor of the prize, has produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[2]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/L._N._Tolstoy%2C_by_Prokudin-Gorsky_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-L._N._Tolstoy%2C_by_Prokudin-Gorsky_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Every year, the Swedish Academy sends out requests regularly for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate. Nomination of oneself is not permitted.[3] Despite the yearly invitations for nominations, there have been some years wherein the prize was not conferred due to particular reasons (1914, 1918, 1935) and due to the outbreak of World War II (1940–1943). Besides the prize has been delayed for a year seven times (1915, 1919, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1936, 1949).
Records of nominations are strictly kept secret for 50 years until they are made publicly available. Currently, the nominations submitted from 1901 to 1973 are available.[4][5] Between those two years there have been 829 writers coming from different parts of the world nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, 70 of which were awarded the prize[6] including Albert Schweitzer who was awarded by Nobel Peace Prize on 1953. 17 more writers from these nominees were awarded after 1973 including Elie Wiesel who was awarded by Nobel Peace Prize on 1986. Only 77 women had been nominated for the prize starting with Malwida von Meysenburg who was nominated once for the year 1901[7] and 8 of them have been awarded after all. Only one literary society has been nominated, the Pali Text Society for the year 1916. Of the 829 revealed nominated writers, only the 1967-nominated Ukrainian poet Lina Kostenko (born 1930), the 1969-nominated Finnish author Hannu Salama (born 1936) and the 1973-nominated Indian poet Indira Devi Dhanrajgir (born 1930) are currently living.
Though the following list consists of notable literary figures deemed worthy of the prize, there have been some celebrated writers who were not considered nor even nominated such as Anton Chekhov,[8] Jules Verne, Robert Hugh Benson, Franz Kafka, Fernando Pessoa, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Arthur Conan Doyle, Alexander Blok, Marcel Proust, Joseph Conrad, Rainer Maria Rilke, Federico García Lorca, Lu Xun, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Antonio Machado, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, Christopher Dawson, Virginia Woolf, C. S. Lewis, Simone Weil, Willa Cather, George Orwell, Galaktion Tabidze, Edith Hamilton, Richard Wright, Flannery O'Connor, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, Nancy Mitford and Agatha Christie.[9][10][11]
Nominees by their first nomination
edit1901–1909
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | |||||
Sully Prudhomme | March 16, 1839 Paris, France |
September 6, 1907 Châtenay-Malabry, France |
1901 | Awarded the 1901 Nobel Prize in Literature.[12] | |
Frédéric Mistral | September 8, 1830 Maillane, France |
March 25, 1914 Maillane, France |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 | Shared the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature with José Echegaray.[13] | |
Henryk Sienkiewicz | May 5, 1846 Wola Okrzejska, Poland |
November 15, 1916 Vevey, Switzerland |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 | Awarded the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature.[14] | |
René Vallery-Radot[a] | October 1, 1853 Paris, France |
January 24, 1933 Paris, France |
1901 | [16] | |
Edmond Rostand[b] | April 1, 1868 Marseille, France |
December 2, 1918 Paris, France |
1901 | [17] | |
Julius Gersdorff[c] | June 15, 1849 Szczecin, Poland |
November 7, 1907 Weimar, Germany |
1901 | Nominated by Carl Heinrich Döring (1834–1916) the only time.[18] | |
Oscar le Pin[d] | ? Switzerland |
? Switzerland |
1901 | Nominated by P. L. Bonnaviat (?) the only time.[19] | |
Louis Ducros[e] | December 27, 1846 Nîmes, France |
1927 Strasbourg, France[20] |
1901 | Nominated by Michel Clerc (1857–1931) the only time .[21] | |
Carl Gustaf Estlander[f] | January 31, 1834 Lappfjärd, Finland |
August 28, 1910 Helsinki, Finland |
1901 | Nominated by Johan Gustaf Frosterus (1826–1901) the only time.[22] | |
Auguste Sabatier[g] | October 22, 1839 Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France |
April 12, 1901 Strasbourg, France |
1901 | Nominated by Gabriel Monod (1844–1912) the only time.[23] Died before his only chance to be awarded. | |
Paul Duproix[h] | August 14, 1851 France |
January 24, 1912 France |
1901 | Nominated by Émile Redard (1848–1913) the only time.[24] | |
Charles Borgeaud[i] | August 15, 1861 Le Chenit, Switzerland |
October 6, 1940 Onex, Switzerland |
1901 | [25] | |
Charles Renouvier[j] | January 1, 1815 Montpellier, France |
September 1, 1903 Prades, France |
1901 | Nominated by Antoine Benoist (1846–1922) the only time.[26] | |
Giacomo Stampa[k] | ? Italy |
? Italy |
1901 | Nominated by Ármin Vámbéry (1832–1913) the only time.[27] | |
Ossip Lourié[l] | January 28, 1868 Dubroŭna, Belarus |
July 2, 1955 Paris, France |
1901 | Nominated by Kristian Birch-Reichenwald Aars (1868–1917) the only time.[28] | |
João da Câmara[m] | December 27, 1852 Lisbon, Portugal |
January 2, 1908 Lisbon, Portugal |
1901 | Nominated by Joaquim José Coelho de Carvalho (1855–1934) the only time.[29] | |
Malwida von Meysenbug[n] | October 28, 1816 Kassel, Germany |
April 23, 1903 Rome, Italy |
1901 | Nominated by Gabriel Monod (1844–1912) the only time through Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832–1910).[30] | |
Émile Zola[o] | April 2, 1840 Paris, France |
September 29, 1902 Paris, France |
1901, 1902 | Nominated by Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907) each time.[31] | |
Ferenc Kemény[p] | July 17, 1860 Zrenjanin Serbia |
November 21, 1944 Budapest, Hungary |
1901, 1902 | [32] | |
Gaston Paris[q] | August 9, 1839 Avenay-Val-d'Or, France |
March 5, 1903 Cannes, France |
1901, 1902, 1903 | Nominated by Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) each time.[33] | |
Gaspar Núñez de Arce[r] | August 4, 1834 Valladolid, Spain |
June 9, 1903 Madrid, Spain |
1901, 1902, 1903 | [34] | |
Alexander Baumgartner[s] | June 27, 1841 St. Gallen, Switzerland |
October 5, 1910 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |
1901, 1902, 1903 | Nominated by Knud Karl Krogh-Tonning (1842–1911) each time.[35] | |
Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol[t] | March 23, 1847 Iași, Romania |
February 27, 1920 Bucharest, Romania |
1901, 1909 | Nominated by Ion Găvănescu (1859–1949) each time.[36] | |
Antonio Fogazzaro[u] | March 25, 1842 Vicenza, Italy |
March 7, 1911 Vicenza, Italy |
1901, 1902, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911 | [37] | |
Paul Sabatier[v] | August 3, 1858 Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux, France |
March 4, 1928 Strasbourg, France |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1924, 1925 | Nominated by Carl Bildt (1850–1931) each time.[38] | |
1902 | |||||
Theodor Mommsen | November 30, 1817 Garding, Germany |
November 1, 1903 Berlin, Germany |
1902 | Awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature.[39] | |
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | December 8, 1832 Kvikne, Norway |
April 26, 1910 Paris, France |
1902, 1903 | Awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature.[40] | |
José Echegaray | April 19, 1832 Madrid, Spain |
September 14, 1916 Madrid, Spain |
1902, 1903, 1904 | Shared the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature with Frédéric Mistral.[41] | |
Giosuè Carducci | July 27, 1835 Pietrasanta, Italy |
February 16, 1907 Bologna, Italy |
1902, 1903, 1905, 1906 | Awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature.[42] | |
Gerhart Hauptmann | November 15, 1862 Szczawno-Zdrój, Poland |
June 6, 1946 Jelenia Góra, Poland |
1902, 1906, 1912 | Awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature.[43] | |
William Butler Yeats | June 13, 1865 Sandymount, Ireland |
January 28, 1939 Cannes, France |
1902, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923 | Awarded the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature.[44] | |
Anatoly Koni[w] | January 28, 1844 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
September 17, 1927 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
1902 | Nominated by Anton Karlovich Wulfert (1843–1918) the only time.[45] | |
Ventura Fernández López[x] | July 14, 1866 Bárcena de Pie de Concha, Spain |
November 17, 1944 Toledo, Spain |
1902 | Nominated by Emmanuel Casado Salas (?) the only time.[46] | |
Carl Weitbrecht | December 8, 1847 Althengstett, Germany |
June 10, 1904 Stuttgart, Germany |
1902 | Nominated by Hermann Fischer (1851–1920) the only time.[47] | |
Hartmann Grisar[y] | September 22, 1845 Koblenz, Germany |
February 25, 1932 Innsbruck, Austria |
1902 | Nominated by Knud Karl Krogh-Tonning (1842–1911) the only time.[48] | |
Herbert Spencer | April 27, 1820 Derby, England |
December 8, 1903 Brighton, England |
1902 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[49] | |
Bernard Bosanquet | June 14, 1848 Alnwick, England |
February 8, 1923 London, England |
1902 | Nominated by William Macneile Dixon (1866–1946) the only time.[50] | |
Marcel Barrière[z] | November 3, 1860 Limoux, France |
February 18, 1954 Paris, France |
1902 | Nominated by Émile Faguet (1847–1916) the only time.[51] | |
Gustav Falke[aa] | January 11, 1853 Lübeck, Germany |
February 8, 1916 Marburg, Germany |
1902 | Nominated by August Sauer (1855–1926) the only time.[52] | |
Archibald Robertson[ab] | June 29, 1853 Northamptonshire, England |
January 29, 1931 Oxford, England |
1902 | Nominated by John Wesley Hales (1836–1914) the only time.[53] | |
Henrik Ibsen | March 20, 1828 Skien, Norway |
May 23, 1906 Oslo, Norway |
1902, 1903, 1904 | [54] | |
Houston Stewart Chamberlain[ac] | September 9, 1855 Portsmouth, England |
January 9, 1927 Bayreuth, Germany |
1902, 1906 | [55] | |
Leo Tolstoy[ad] | September 9, 1828 Yasnaya Polyana, Russia |
November 20, 1910 Astapovo, Russia |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[56] | |
George Meredith | February 12, 1828 Hampshire, England |
May 18, 1909 Surrey, England |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907 | [57] | |
Lewis Morris[ae] | January 23, 1833 Carmarthen, Wales |
November 12, 1907 Penbryn, Wales |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 | [58] | |
Theodor Zahn[af] | October 10, 1838 Moers, Germany |
March 5, 1933 Erlangen, Germany |
1902, 1904, 1908 | Nominated by Lars Dahle (1843–1925) each time.[59] | |
Charles Wagner[ag] | January 3, 1852 Alsace, France |
May 12, 1918 Alsace, France |
1902, 1903, 1909 | [60] | |
John Morley[ah] | December 24, 1838 Blackburn, England |
September 23, 1923 London, England |
1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1913 | [61] | |
Juhani Aho[ai] | September 11, 1861 Lapinlahti, Finland |
August 8, 1921 Helsinki, Finland |
1902, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 | [62] | |
Arne Garborg[aj] | January 25, 1851 Jæren, Norway |
January 14, 1924 Asker, Norway |
1902, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1921 | [63] | |
1903 | |||||
Rudyard Kipling | December 30, 1865 Mumbai, India |
January 18, 1936 London, England |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1907 | Awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature.[64] | |
Maurice Maeterlinck | August 29, 1862 Ghent, Belgium |
May 6, 1949 Nice, France |
1903, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1911 | Awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature.[65] | |
François Coppée | January 26, 1842 Paris, France |
May 23, 1908 Paris, France |
1903 | Nominated by Sully Prudhomme (1839–1907) the only time.[66] | |
Carl Friedrich Glasenapp[ak] | October 3, 1847 Riga, Latvia |
April 14, 1915 Riga, Latvia |
1903 | [67] | |
Robert Langton Douglas[al] | 1864 Cheshire, England |
1951 Fiesole, Italy |
1903, 1904 | [68] | |
Albert Sorel[am] | August 13, 1842 Honfleur, France |
June 29, 1906 Paris, France |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 | [69] | |
Iwan Gilkin[an] | January 7, 1858 Brussels, Belgium |
September 28, 1924 Brussels, Belgium |
1903, 1909 | [70] | |
Algernon Charles Swinburne | April 5, 1837 London, England |
April 10, 1909 London, England |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 | [71] | |
Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo | November 3, 1856 Santander, Spain |
May 19, 1912 Santander, Spain |
1903, 1905, 1907, 1910 | [72] | |
Georg Brandes | February 4, 1842 Copenhagen, Denmark |
February 19, 1927 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[73] | |
1904 | |||||
Selma Lagerlöf | November 20, 1858 Värmland, Sweden |
March 16, 1940 Värmland, Sweden |
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 | Awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.[74] | |
Anatole France | April 16, 1844 Paris, France |
October 12, 1924 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France |
1904, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1921 | Awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature.[75] | |
Émilie Lerou[ao] | 18 May 1855 Rouen, France |
11 June 1935 Paris, France |
1904 | Nominated by Jules Claretie (1840–1913) the only time.[76] | |
Demetrios Bernardakis | December 3, 1833 Mitilini, Greece |
January 12, 1907 Mitilini, Greece |
1904, 1905 | Nominated by Athanasios Bernardakis (1844–1912) each time.[77] | |
Jaroslav Vrchlický (Emil Frida) | February 17, 1853 Louny, Czechia |
September 9, 1912 Domazlice, Czechia |
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912 | [78] | |
William Chapman[ap] | December 13, 1850 Beauceville, Canada |
February 23, 1917 Ottawa, Canada |
1904, 1910, 1912, 1917 | [79] | |
1905 | |||||
Eliza Orzeszkowa | June 6, 1841 Mil'kovshchina, Belarus |
May 18, 1910 Grodno, Belarus |
1905 | [80] | |
Godfrey Sweven[aq] | May 5, 1845 Irvine, Scotland |
January 18, 1935 Christchurch, New Zealand |
1905 | John Macmillan Brown has only been nominated under the pseudonym Godfrey Sweven.[81][82] | |
1906 | |||||
Louis Franck | November 28, 1868 Antwerp, Belgium |
December 31, 1937 Wijnegem, Belgium |
1906 | Nominated by Ernest Nys (1851–1920) the only time.[83] | |
Gaston Boissier | August 15, 1823 Nîmes, France |
June 10, 1908 Viroflay, France |
1906 | Nominated by Jacobus Johannaes Hartmann (1851–1924) the only time.[84] | |
William J. Neidig[ar] | 1870 United States |
1955 United States |
1906 | Nominated by Henry Burrowes Lathrop (1867-1936) the only time.[85] | |
Max Bewer[as] | January 19, 1861 Düsseldorf, Germany |
October 13, 1921 Meißen, Germany |
1906 | [86] | |
Pedro Pablo Figueroa | December 25, 1857 Copiapó, Chile |
January 4, 1909 Santiago, Chile |
1906[at] | Nominated by Leonardo Eliz (1861–1939) the only time.[87] | |
Max Haushofer[au] | April 23, 1840 Munich, Germany |
1907 Gries-San Quirino, Italy |
1906[av] | Nominated by Emil Milan (1859–1917) the only time.[88] | |
William Booth[aw] | April 10, 1829 Nottingham, England |
August 20, 1912 London, England |
1906[ax] | Nominated by Otto Classen (1868–1939) the only time.[89] | |
Joseph Viktor Widmann[ay] | February 20, 1842 Brno, Czechia |
November 6, 1911 Bern, Switzerland |
1906, 1908 | [90] | |
George Lansing Raymond[az] | September 3, 1839 Illinois, United States |
July 11, 1929 Washington D.C., United States |
1906, 1907, 1908 | [91] | |
Angelo de Gubernatis | April 7, 1840 Turin, Italy |
February 26, 1913 Rome, Italy |
1906, 1907, 1909 | [92] | |
Borden Parker Bowne | January 14, 1847 Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States |
April 1, 1910 Boston, United States |
1906, 1907, 1909 | [93] | |
1907 | |||||
João Bonança[ba] | ca. 1836 Lagos, Portugal |
April 13, 1924 Lisbon, Portugal |
1907 | Nominated by Teófilo Braga (1843–1924) the only time.[94] | |
Holger Drachmann | October 9, 1846 Copenhagen, Denmark |
January 14, 1908 Hornbæk, Denmark |
1907 | Nominated by Harald Høffding (1843–1931) the only time.[95] | |
Ian Maclaren | November 3, 1850 Manningtree, Essex, England[96] |
May 6, 1907 Iowa, United States |
1907 | Nominated by Waldemar Rudin (1833–1921) the only time.[97] Died before his only chance to be awarded. | |
Andrés Manjón | November 30, 1846 Sargentes de la Lora, Spain |
July 10, 1923 Granada, Spain |
1907 | Nominated by Angel Sanchez Rubio Ibanez (1852–1910) the only time.[98] | |
Eduardo Benot | November 26, 1822 Cádiz, Spain |
July 27, 1907 Madrid, Spain |
1907 | Nominated by Daniel Cortázar Larrubia (1844–1927) the only time.[99] Died before his only chance to be awarded. | |
Mark Twain | November 30, 1835 Florida, Missouri, United States |
April 21, 1910 Redding, Connecticut, United States |
1907,[bb] 1908[bb] | ||
Georgios Souris[bc] | February 2, 1853 Ermoupoli, Greece |
August 26, 1919 Athens, Greece |
1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912 | [102] | |
Àngel Guimerà | May 6, 1835 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain |
July 18, 1924 Barcelona, Spain |
1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 | [103] | |
Paul Bourget | September 2, 1852 Amiens, France |
December 25, 1935 Paris, France |
1907, 1909, 1914, 1915, 1928 | [104] | |
1908 | |||||
Rudolf Christoph Eucken | January 5, 1846 Aurich, Germany |
September 15, 1926 Jena, Germany |
1908 | Nominated by Vitalis Norström (1856–1916) the only time and awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Literature.[105] | |
Julio Calcaño[bd] | December 4, 1840 Caracas, Venezuela |
August 18, 1918 Caracas, Venezuela |
1908 | Nominated by José María Manrique (1846-1907) the only time..[106] | |
Alfred L. Hutchinson[be] | 1859 Waupaca, Wisconsin, United States |
August 1930 Weyauwega, Wisconsin, United States |
1908 | Nominated by Luther Lamphere Wright (1856–1922).[107] | |
Edmondo De Amicis | October 21, 1846 Imperia, Italy |
March 11, 1908 Bordighera, Italy |
1908 | Died before his only chance to be awarded.[108] | |
Adolf von Harnack | May 7, 1851 Tartu, Estonia |
June 10, 1930 Heidelberg, Germany |
1908, 1916 | [109] | |
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche | July 10, 1846 Lützen, Germany |
November 8, 1935 Weimar, Germany |
1908, 1916, 1917, 1923 | [110] | |
1909 | |||||
Verner von Heidenstam | July 6, 1859 Olshammar, Sweden |
May 20, 1940 Övralid, Sweden |
1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916 | Awarded the 1916 Nobel Prize in Literature.[111] | |
Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé | February 25, 1848 Nice, France |
March 29, 1910 Paris, France |
1909 | Nominated by Albert Vandal (1853–1910) the only time.[112] | |
Martin Greif | June 18, 1839 Speyer, Germany |
April 1, 1911 Kufstein, Austria |
1909, 1910, 1911 | [113] | |
Francesco D'Ovidio[bf] | December 5, 1849 Campobasso, Italy |
November 24, 1925 Naples, Italy |
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 | Nominated by Ernesto Monaci (1844–1918) each time.[114] | |
Ernest Lavisse | December 17, 1842 Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache, France |
August 18, 1922 Paris, France |
1909, 1910, 1911,[bg] 1912, 1913 | [115] | |
Salvador Rueda | December 3, 1857 Benaque, Spain |
April 1, 1933 Málaga, Spain |
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915 | [116] | |
Émile Verhaeren | May 21, 1855 Sint-Amands, Belgium |
November 27, 1916 Rouen, France |
1909, 1912, 1915, 1916 | [117] |
1910–1919
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1910 | |||||
Paul Heyse | March 13, 1830 Berlin, Germany |
April 2, 1914 Munich, Germany |
1910 | Awarded the 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature.[118] | |
Gustav Warneck | March 6, 1834 Naumburg, Germany |
December 26, 1910 Halle (Saale), Germany |
1910 | [119] | |
Wilhelm Hermann Heinrich Benignus | February 17, 1861 Heilbronn, Germany |
June 5, 1930 Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States |
1910 | Nominated by Marion Dexter Learned (1857–1917) the only time.[120] | |
Alfred Fouillée | October 18, 1838 Erdre-en-Anjou, France |
June 16, 1912 Lyon, France |
1910 | Nominated by Carl David af Wirsén (1842–1912) the only time.[121] | |
Édouard Rod | March 31, 1857 Nyon, Switzerland |
January 29, 1910 Grasse, France |
1910 | Nominated by Edmond Rossier (1865–1945) the only time.[122] Died before his chance to be considered. | |
William Dean Howells | March 1, 1837 Ohio, United States |
May 11, 1920 New York, United States |
1910 | Nominated by Brander Matthews (1852–1929) the only time.[123] | |
Robert Bridges | October 23, 1844 Walmer, England |
April 21, 1930 Boars Hill, England |
1910 | Nominated by Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924) the only time.[124] | |
Andrew Lang | March 31, 1844 Selkirk, Scotland |
July 20, 1912 Banchory, Scotland |
1910 | Nominated by Edith Nesbit (1858–1924) the only time.[125] | |
Molly Elliot Seawell | October 23, 1860 Virginia, United States |
November 15, 1916 Washington, D.C., United States |
1910, 1911 | Nominated by Charles W. Kent (1860–1917) each time.[126] | |
Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach | September 13, 1830 Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia |
March 12, 1916 Vienna, Austria |
1910, 1911 | Nominated by Emil Reich (1854–1910) each time.[127] | |
Pierre Loti | January 14, 1850 Rochefort, France |
June 10, 1923 Hendaye, France |
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 | [128] | |
Thomas Hardy | June 2, 1840 Stinsford, England |
January 11, 1928 Dorchester, England |
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 | [129] | |
1911 | |||||
Karl Adolph Gjellerup | June 2, 1857 Roholte, Denmark |
October 13, 1919 Dresden, Germany |
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 | Shared the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature with Henrik Pontoppidan[130] | |
George Bernard Shaw | July 26, 1856 Dublin, Ireland |
November 2, 1950 Ayot St Lawrence, England |
1911, 1912, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1926 | Awarded the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1926.[131] | |
Albert de Mun | February 28, 1841 Lumigny-Nesles-Ormeaux, France |
October 6, 1914 Bordeaux, France |
1911 | Nominated by René Bazin (1853–1932) the only time.[132] | |
Gustaf Fröding | August 22, 1860 Alster, Sweden |
February 8, 1911 Stockholm, Sweden |
1911 | Died before his only chance to be awarded.[133] | |
August Strindberg | January 22, 1849 Stockholm, Sweden |
May 14, 1912 Stockholm, Sweden |
1911[bh] | Nominated by Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) the only time.[134] | |
Rafael Altamira y Crevea | February 10, 1866 Alicante, Spain |
June 1, 1951 Mexico City, Mexico |
1911, 1912 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[135] | |
Henry James | April 15, 1843 New York, United States |
February 28, 1916 London, England |
1911, 1912, 1916 | [136] | |
Harald Høffding | March 11, 1843 Copenhagen, Denmark |
July 2, 1931 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916 | [137] | |
Peter Rosegger | July 31, 1843 Krieglach, Austria |
June 26, 1918 Krieglach, Austria |
1911, 1913, 1918 | [138] | |
Ernst von der Recke | August 14, 1848 Copenhagen, Denmark |
December 2, 1933 Zealand, Denmark |
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1930 | [139] | |
Karl Schönherr | February 24, 1867 Axams, Austria |
March 15, 1943 Vienna, Austria |
1911, 1912, 1933, 1938 | [140] | |
1912 | |||||
Carl Spitteler | April 24, 1845 Liestal, Switzerland |
December 29, 1924 Lucerne, Switzerland |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 | Awarded the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920.[141] | |
Henri Bergson | October 18, 1859 Paris, France |
January 4, 1941 Paris, France |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1928 | Awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1928.[142] | |
Pencho Slaveykov | April 27, 1866 Tryavna, Bulgaria |
June 10, 1912 Brunate, Italy |
1912 | Nominated by Alfred Jensen (1859–1921) the only time.[143] Died before his chance to be considered. | |
Sven Hedin | February 19, 1865 Stockholm, Sweden |
November 26, 1952 Stockholm, Sweden |
1912, 1913 | Nominated by Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) only.[144] | |
Jean-Henri Fabre | December 21, 1823 Aveyron, France |
October 11, 1915 Sérignan-du-Comtat, France |
1912, 1914 | [145] | |
Salvatore Farina | January 10, 1846 Sorso, Italy |
December 15, 1918 Milan, Italy |
1912, 1913, 1914 | [146] | |
Benito Pérez Galdós | May 10, 1843 Las Palmas, Spain |
January 4, 1920 Madrid, Spain |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916 | [147] | |
Adolf Frey | February 18, 1855 Küttigen, Switzerland |
February 12, 1920 Zürich, Switzerland |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920 | Nominated jointly with Carl Spitteler by Wilhelm Oechsli (1851–1919) each time.[148] | |
Hans E. Kinck | October 11, 1865 Øksfjord, Norway |
October 13, 1926 Oslo, Norway |
1912, 1919, 1920, 1926 | [149] | |
James George Frazer | January 1, 1854 Glasgow, Scotland |
May 7, 1941 Cambridge, England |
1912, 1926, 1928, 1935 | [150] | |
1913 | |||||
Rabindranath Tagore | May 7, 1861 Kolkata, India |
August 7, 1941 Kolkata, India |
1913 | Nominated by Thomas Sturge Moore (1870–1944) the only time and awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature.[151] | |
Henrik Pontoppidan | July 24, 1857 Fredericia, Denmark |
August 21, 1943 Charlottenlund, Denmark |
1913, 1916, 1917 | Shared the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature with Karl Adolph Gjellerup.[152] | |
Grazia Deledda | September 28, 1871 Nuoro, Italy |
August 15, 1936 Rome, Italy |
1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 | Awarded the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927.[153] | |
Edward Dowden | May 3, 1843 Cork, Ireland |
April 4, 1913 Dublin, Ireland |
1913 | Nominated by James Lindsay (1852–1923) the only time.[154] Died before his chance to be considered. | |
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury | April 30, 1834 London, England |
May 28, 1913 Broadstairs, England |
1913 | Nominated by Hans Hildebrand (1842–1913) the only time.[155] Died before his chance to be considered. | |
Francis Сhanning Miles Welles | April 21, 1887 Richmond, London, England |
Aug 29, 1956 Cheltenham General Hospital, England |
1913 | Nominated by Carveth Read (1848–1931) the only time.[156] | |
Émile Faguet | December 17, 1847 La Roche-sur-Yon, France |
June 7, 1916 Paris, France |
1913, 1914 | [157] | |
Jakob Knudsen | September 14, 1858 Rødding, Denmark |
January 21, 1917 Birkerød, Denmark |
1913, 1916 | [158] | |
Edmond Picard | December 15, 1836 Brussels, Belgium |
February 19, 1924 Namur, Belgium |
1913, 1914, 1916, 1917 | [159] | |
1914[bi] | |||||
Antonio Serra y Morant | December 17, 1866 Alicante, Spain |
August 7, 1939 Madrid, Spain |
1914 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[160] | |
Josef Svatopluk Machar | February 29, 1864 Kolin, Czechia |
March 17, 1942 Prague, Czechia |
1914, 1915 | [161] | |
René François Nicolas Marie Bazin | December 26, 1853 Angers, France |
July 20, 1932 Paris, France |
1914, 1915 | [162] | |
Dora Melegari | June 27, 1849 Lausanne, Switzerland |
July 31, 1924 Rome, Italy |
1914, 1923 | [163] | |
Willem Kloos | May 6, 1859 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
March 3, 1938 The Hague, Netherlands |
1914, 1915, 1925, 1926, 1928 | [164] | |
Dmitry Merezhkovsky | August 2, 1865 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
December 9, 1941 Paris, France |
1914, 1915, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [165] | |
Vilhelm Grønbech | June 14, 1873 Allinge, Denmark |
April 21, 1948 Helsingør, Denmark |
1914, 1915, 1927, 1928, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944 | [166] | |
1915[bj] | |||||
Romain Rolland | January 29, 1866 Clamecy, France |
December 30, 1944 Vézelay, France |
1915, 1916 | Awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916.[167] | |
Charles Montagu Doughty | August 19, 1843 Saxmundham, England |
January 20, 1926 Sissinghurst, England |
1915 | Nominated by Herbert Warren (1853–1930) the only time.[168] | |
Ferdinand Avenarius | December 20, 1856 Berlin, Germany |
September 22, 1923 Kampen, Germany |
1915, 1921 | [169] | |
1916 | |||||
Erik Axel Karlfeldt | July 20, 1864 Avesta, Sweden |
April 8, 1931 Stockholm, Sweden |
1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1929, 1931 | Posthumously awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature.[170] | |
Rabindranath Datta | October 1, 1883 Kolkata, India |
July 6, 1917 Kolkata, India |
1916 | [171] | |
Ivan Franko | August 27, 1856 Lviv, Ukraine |
May 28, 1916 Lviv, Ukraine |
1916 | Died before his only chance to be awarded.[172] | |
Gunnar Heiberg | November 18, 1857 Oslo, Norway |
February 22, 1929 Oslo, Norway |
1916 | Nominated by Jens Thiis (1870–1942) the only time.[173] | |
Troels Troels-Lund | September 5, 1840 Copenhagen, Denmark |
February 12, 1921 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1916 | Nominated by Frits Läffler (1847–1921) the only time.[174] | |
The Pāli Text Society[bk] | founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids | 1916 | Nominated by Thomas William Rhys Davids (1843–1922) the only time.[175] | ||
Otokar Březina | September 13, 1868 Počátky, Czechia |
March 25, 1929 Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Czechia |
1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1925, 1928, 1929 | [176] | |
Henrik Schück | November 2, 1855 Stockholm, Sweden |
October 3, 1947 Uppsala, Sweden |
1916, 1929 | [177] | |
Per Hallström | September 29, 1866 Stockholm, Sweden |
February 18, 1960 Nacka, Sweden |
1916, 1919, 1931[bl] | [178] | |
1917 | |||||
Ivan Vazov | July 9, 1850 Sopot, Bulgaria |
September 22, 1921 Sofia, Bulgaria |
1917 | Nominated by Ivan Shishmanov (1862–1928) the only time.[179] | |
Otto Ernst Schmidt ("Otto Ernst") |
October 7, 1862 Hamburg, Germany |
March 5, 1926 Hamburg, Germany |
1917 | Nominated by Per Hallström (1866–1960) the only time.[180] | |
Jeppe Aakjær | September 10, 1866 Aakjaer, Denmark |
April 22, 1930 Roslev, Denmark |
1917 | Nominated by Christen Collin (1857–1926) the only time.[181] | |
Johan Bojer | March 6, 1872 Orkdal, Norway |
July 3, 1959 Oslo, Norway |
1917, 1925, 1929, 1932 | [182] | |
Olaf Bull | November 10, 1883 Oslo, Norway |
June 29, 1933 Oslo, Norway |
1917, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932 | [183] | |
Bertel Gripenberg | September 19, 1878 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
May 6, 1947 Sävsjö, Sweden |
1917, 1918, 1922, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1937 | [184] | |
1918[bi] | |||||
Knut Hamsun | August 4, 1859 Lom, Norway |
February 19, 1952 Grimstad, Norway |
1918, 1920 | Awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature.[185] | |
Alois Jirásek | August 23, 1851 Hronov, Czechia |
March 12, 1930 Prague, Czechia |
1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1930 | [186] | |
Gustav Frenssen | October 19, 1863 Barlt, Germany |
April 11, 1945 Barlt, Germany |
1918 | Nominated jointly with Maxim Gorky (1868–1936) by Bengt Hesselman (1875–1952) the only time.[187] | |
Maxim Gorky | March 28, 1868 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia |
June 18, 1936 Moscow Oblast, Russia |
1918, 1923, 1928, 1933 | [188] | |
Gunnar Gunnarsson | May 18, 1889 Fljótsdalur, Iceland |
November 21, 1975 Reykjavík, Iceland |
1918, 1921, 1922, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1965, 1969 | [189] | |
1919[bj] | |||||
Władysław Reymont | May 7, 1867 Kobiele Wielkie, Poland |
December 5, 1925 Warsaw, Poland |
1919, 1920, 1922, 1924 | Awarded the 1924 Nobel Prize in Literature.[190] | |
John Galsworthy | August 14, 1867 Kingston upon Thames, England |
January 31, 1933 London, England |
1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1931, 1932 | Awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature.[191] | |
Ebenezer Howard | January 29, 1850 London, England |
May 1, 1928 Welwyn Garden City, England |
1919, 1920 | Nominated by Christen Collin (1857–1926) each time.[192] | |
Hugo von Hofmannsthal | February 1, 1874 Vienna, Austria |
July 15, 1929 Vienna, Austria |
1919, 1924, 1926, 1927 | [193] | |
Arno Holz | April 26, 1863 Ketrzyn, Poland |
October 26, 1929 Berlin, Germany |
1919, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929 | [194] |
1920–1929
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1920 | |||||
Wilbur Cortez Abbott | December 28, 1869 Indiana, United States |
February 3, 1947 Massachusetts, United States |
1920 | Nominated by Dana Carleton Munro (1866–1933) the only time[195] | |
1921 | |||||
Jacinto Benavente | August 12, 1866 Madrid, Spain |
July 14, 1954 Madrid, Spain |
1921, 1922 | Awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature.[196] | |
Émile Boutroux | July 28, 1845 Montrouge, France |
November 22, 1921 Paris, France |
1921 | Nominated by Harald Hjärne (1848–1922) the one time.[197] | |
Jean Revel | September 22, 1848 Conteville, France |
May 4, 1925 Conteville, France |
1921 | [198] | |
Stefan Żeromski | October 14, 1864 Strawczyn, Poland |
November 20, 1925 Warsaw, Poland |
1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 | [199] | |
H. G. Wells | September 21, 1866 London, England |
August 31, 1946 London, England |
1921, 1932, 1935, 1946 | [200] | |
1922 | |||||
Sigrid Undset | May 20, 1882 Kalundborg, Denmark |
June 10, 1949 Lillehammer, Norway |
1922, 1925, 1926, 1928 | Awarded the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.[201] | |
Darrell Figgis | September 17, 1882 Dublin, Ireland |
October 27, 1925 London, England |
1922 | Nominated by Thomas Rudmose-Brown (1878–1942) the only time[202] | |
Georg von Below | January 19, 1858 Gusev, Russia |
October 20, 1927 Badenweiler, Germany |
1922 | Nominated by Hermann Bächtold (1882–1934) the only time.[203] | |
Israel Zangwill | January 21, 1864 London, England |
August 1, 1926 Midhurst, England |
1922 | Nominated by Adolf Noreen (1854–1925) the only time.[204] | |
Michael Sadleir | December 25, 1888 Oxford, England |
December 13, 1957 London, England |
1922 | Nominated by Nobel Committee the only time[205] | |
Matilde Serao | March 7, 1856 Patras, Greece |
July 25, 1927 Naples, Italy |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 | [206] | |
Roberto Bracco | November 10, 1861 Naples, Italy |
April 20, 1943 Sorrento, Italy |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 | [207] | |
Ludwig von Pastor | January 31, 1854 Aachen, Germany |
September 30, 1928 Innsbruck, Austria |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929 | [208] | |
William Inge | June 6, 1860 Crayke, England |
February 26, 1954 Wallingford, England |
1922, 1923, 1929 | Nominated by Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) each time.[209] | |
Paul Ernst | March 7, 1866 Elbingerode, Germany |
May 13, 1933 Sankt Georgen an der Stiefing, Austria |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 | [210] | |
1923 | |||||
Ivan Bunin | October 22, 1870 Voronezh, Russia |
November 8, 1953 Paris, France |
1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 | Awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize in Literature.[211] | |
Konstantin Balmont | June 15, 1867 Shuya, Russia |
December 23, 1942 Paris, France |
1923 | Nominated by Romain Rolland (1866–1944) the one time[212] | |
Hermann Türck[213] | March 13, 1856 Georgenburg, now Russia |
April 30, 1933 Weimar, Germany |
1923, 1924 | [214] | |
Einar H. Kvaran | December 6, 1859 Vallanes, Iceland |
May 21, 1938 Reykjavík, Iceland |
1923, 1924 | Nominated by Valtýr Guðmundsson (1860–1928) each time.[215] | |
Guglielmo Ferrero | July 21, 1871 Portici, Italy |
August 3, 1942 Chardonne, Switzerland |
1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1933 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[216] | |
1924 | |||||
Thomas Mann | June 6, 1875 Lübeck, Germany |
August 21, 1955 Zürich, Switzerland |
1924, 1928, 1929, 1948 |
Awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature.[217] | |
Max Neuburger | December 8, 1868 Vienna, Austria |
March 15, 1955 Vienna, Austria |
1924 | Nominated by Adolf Fonahn (1873–1940) the only time.[218] | |
Olav Duun | November 21, 1876 Namsos, Norway |
September 13, 1939 Holmestrand, Norway |
1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 | [219] | |
1925[bj] | |||||
Johannes V. Jensen | January 20, 1873 Farsø, Denmark |
November 25, 1950 Østerbro, Denmark |
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944 | Awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Literature.[220] | |
Giovanni Schembari[221] | 31 October 1894 Ragusa, Sicily, Italy |
November 1959 Hillside, Illinois, United States |
1925 | Nominated by Achille Loria (1857–1943) the only time[222] | |
Paul Elmer More | December 12, 1864 Missouri, United States |
March 9, 1937 New Jersey, United States |
1925 | Nominated by Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) the only time.[223] | |
Paul Raynal | July 25, 1885 Narbonne, France |
August 18, 1971 Paris, France |
1925, 1926 | Nominated by Tor Hedberg (1862–1931) each time.[224] | |
Ferenc Herczeg | September 22, 1863 Vršac, Serbia |
February 24, 1954 Budapest, Hungary |
1925, 1926, 1927 | [225] | |
Rudolf Maria Holzapfel | April 26, 1874 Kraków, Poland |
February 8, 1930 Muri bei Bern, Switzerland |
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929 | [226] | |
1926[bj] | |||||
Arnold Bennett | May 27, 1867 Stoke-on-Trent, England |
March 27, 1931 London, England |
1926 | Nominated by Gerard De Geer (1858–1943) the only time.[227] | |
Pyotr Krasnov | September 22, 1869 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
January 16, 1947 Moscow, Russia |
1926 | Nominated by Vladimir Andreevich Frantsev (1867–1942) the only time.[228] | |
Sofía Casanova | September 30, 1861 A Coruña, Spain |
January 16, 1958 Poznań, Poland |
1926 | [229] | |
Vicente Huidobro | January 10, 1893 Santiago, Chile |
January 2, 1948 Cartagena, Chile |
1926 | Nominated by Enrique Nercasseau Morán (1854–1925) the only time.[230] | |
Avetis Aharonian | January 9, 1866 Iğdır, Turkey |
March 20, 1948 Paris, France |
1926 | Nominated by Antoine Meillet (1866–1936) the only time.[231] | |
Edvard Westermarck | November 20, 1862 Helsinki, Finland |
September 3, 1939 Tenala, Finland |
1926, 1927 | [232] | |
Ada Negri | February 3, 1870 Lodi, Italy |
January 11, 1945 Milan, Italy |
1926, 1927 | [233] | |
Juan Zorrilla de San Martín | December 28, 1855 Montevideo, Uruguay |
November 3, 1931 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1926, 1928 | [234] | |
Karl Kraus | April 28, 1874 Jicin, Czechia |
June 12, 1936 Vienna, Austria |
1926, 1928, 1930 | [235] | |
Georg Bonne | August 12, 1859 Hamburg, Germany |
May 1, 1945 Hamburg, Germany |
1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[236] | |
J.-H. Rosny aîné | February 17, 1856 Brussels, Belgium |
February 11, 1940 Paris, France |
1926, 1928, 1933 | [237] | |
Josip Kosor | January 27, 1879 Drniš, Croatia |
January 23, 1961 Dubrovnik, Croatia |
1926, 1927, 1939 | [238] | |
Kostis Palamas | January 13, 1859 Patras, Greece |
February 27, 1943 Athens, Greece |
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940 | [239] | |
Johannes Jørgensen | November 6, 1866 Svendborg, Denmark |
May 29, 1956 Svendborg, Denmark |
1926, 1932, 1942, 1950 | [240] | |
Concha Espina | April 15, 1869 Santander, Spain |
May 19, 1955 Madrid, Spain |
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954 | [241] | |
Paul Claudel | August 6, 1868 Villeneuve-sur-Fère, France |
February 23, 1955 Paris, France |
1926, 1937, 1941, 1950, 1951, 1955 | [242] | |
1927[bj] | |||||
Cesare Pascarella | April 28, 1858 Rome, Italy |
May 8, 1940 Rome, Italy |
1927 | [243] | |
Eduard Meyer | January 25, 1855 Hamburg, Germany |
August 31, 1930 Berlin, Germany |
1927 | Nominated by Georg Wittrock (1876–1957) the only time.[244] | |
Samuel Parsons Scott | July 8, 1846 Ohio, United States |
May 30, 1929 Ohio, United States |
1927 | Nominated by Edgar Ewing Brandon (1865–1957) the only time.[245] | |
Edith Wharton | January 24, 1862 New York, United States |
August 11, 1937 Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France |
1927, 1928, 1930 | [246] | |
Édouard Estaunié | February 4, 1862 Dijon, France |
April 2, 1942 Paris, France |
1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 | Nominated by Erik Staaff (1867–1936) each time.[247] | |
Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer | December 30, 1878 Budapest, Hungary |
April 12, 1962 Munich, Germany |
1927, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [248] | |
1928 | |||||
Armando Palacio Valdés | October 4, 1853 Entrialgo, Spain |
January 29, 1938 Madrid, Spain |
1928 | [249] | |
Blanca de los Ríos | August 15, 1859 Seville, Spain |
April 13, 1956 Madrid, Spain |
1928 | [250] | |
Edith Howes | August 29, 1872 London, England |
July 9, 1954 Dunedin, New Zealand |
1928 | Nominated by Francis Prendeville Wilson (1874–?) the only time.[251] | |
Theodor Däubler | August 17, 1876 Trieste, Italy |
June 14, 1934 Sankt Blasien, Germany |
1928 | Nominated by Oskar Walzel (1864–1944) the only time.[252] | |
Frederik van Eeden | April 3, 1860 Haarlem, Netherlands |
June 16, 1932 Bussum, Netherlands |
1928 | Nominated by Gerard Brom (1882–1959) the only time.[253] | |
Alf Larsen | July 22, 1885 Tjøme, Norway |
December 12, 1967 Tjøme, Norway |
1928 | Nominated by Alexander Seippel (1851–1938) the only time.[254] | |
Anna de Noailles | November 15, 1876 Paris, France |
April 30, 1933 Paris, France |
1928 | Nominated by Tor Hedberg (1862–1931) the only time.[255] | |
Ivan Grozev | June 23, 1872 Sofia, Bulgaria |
January 10, 1957 London, England |
1928, 1929 | Nominated by Mikhail Arnaudov (1878–1978) each time.[256] | |
Hans Driesch | October 28, 1867 Bad Kreuznach, Germany |
April 17, 1941 Leipzig, Germany |
1928, 1930, 1932 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[257] | |
Rudolf Hans Bartsch | February 11, 1873 Graz, Austria |
February 7, 1952 Graz, Austria |
1928, 1929, 1930, 1933 | [258] | |
Rufino Blanco Fombona | June 17, 1874 Caracas, Venezuela |
October 16, 1944 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1928, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1935 | [259] | |
Felix Timmermans | July 5, 1886 Lier, Belgium |
January 24, 1947 Lier, Belgium |
1928, 1940, 1941 | [260] | |
Ricarda Huch | July 18, 1864 Braunschweig, Germany |
November 17, 1947 Kronberg, Germany |
1928, 1935, 1937, 1946 | [261] | |
1929 | |||||
Cale Young Rice | December 11, 1872 Kentucky, United States |
January 24, 1943 Kentucky, United States |
1929 | Nominated by Edward Franklin Farquhar (1883–1960) the only time.[262] | |
Knud Rasmussen | June 7, 1879 Ilulissat, Greenland |
December 21, 1933 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1929 | Nominated by William Thalbitzer (1873–1958) the only time.[263] | |
Stefan George | July 12, 1868 Büdesheim, Germany |
December 4, 1933 Minusio, Switzerland |
1929, 1931 | [264] | |
Edwin Arlington Robinson | December 22, 1869 Maine, United States |
April 6, 1935 New York, United States |
1929, 1930, 1932, 1934 | Nominated by Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) each time.[265] | |
Benedetto Croce | February 25, 1866 Pescasseroli, Italy |
November 20, 1952 Naples, Italy |
1929, 1933, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952 | [266] | |
Thornton Wilder | April 17, 1897 Wisconsin, United States |
December 7, 1975 Connecticut, United States |
1929, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [267] |
1930–1939
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1930 | |||||
Sinclair Lewis | February 7, 1885 Minnesota, United States |
January 10, 1951 Rome, Italy |
1930 | Nominated by Henrik Schück (1855–1947) the only time and awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Literature.[268] | |
Frans Eemil Sillanpää | September 16, 1888 Hämeenkyrö, Finland |
June 3, 1964 Helsinki, Finland |
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 | Awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize in Literature.[269] | |
Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo | September 19, 1887 Los Teques, Venezuela |
(?) 1959 Caracas, Venezuela |
1930 | Nominated by Manuel María Villalobos (1858–1929) the only time.[270] | |
Manfred Kyber | March 1, 1880 Riga, Latvia |
March 10, 1933 Löwenstein, Germany |
1930 | [271] | |
Arvid Järnefelt | November 16, 1861 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
December 27, 1932 Helsinki, Finland |
1930 | Nominated by Oiva Tuulio (1878–1941) the only time.[272] | |
Yrjö Hirn | December 7, 1870 Lappeenranta, Finland |
February 23, 1952 Helsinki, Finland |
1930 | Nominated by Olaf Homén (1879–1949) the only time.[273] | |
Theodore Dreiser | August 27, 1871 Indiana, United States |
December 28, 1945 California, United States |
1930 | Nominated by Anders Österling (1884–1981) the only time.[274] | |
Edgar Lee Masters | August 23, 1868 Kansas, United States |
March 5, 1950 Pennsylvania, United States |
1930 | Nominated by Martin Lamm (1880–1950) the only time.[275] | |
Nathanael Jünger | October 23, 1871 Hamburg, Germany |
September 29, 1941 Potsdam, Germany |
1930, 1931 | Nominated by Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) each time.[276] | |
Anton Wildgans | April 17, 1881 Vienna, Austria |
May 3, 1932 Mödling, Austria |
1930, 1931, 1932 | [277] | |
Paul Valéry | October 30, 1871 Sète, France |
July 20, 1945 Paris, France |
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1945 | [278] | |
Lion Feuchtwanger | July 7, 1884 Munich, Germany |
December 21, 1958 California, United States |
1930, 1955, 1956, 1957 | [279] | |
Rudolf Kassner | September 11, 1873 Velké Pavlovice, Czechia |
April 1, 1959 Sierre, Switzerland |
1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1959 | [280][281] | |
1931 | |||||
Hermann Hesse | July 2, 1877 Calw, Germany |
August 9, 1962 Collina d’Oro, Switzerland |
1931, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1944, 1946 | Awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Literature.[282] | |
Laura Mestre Hevia | April 6, 1867 Havana, Cuba |
January 11, 1944 Havana, Cuba |
1931 | Nominated by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre (1866–1952) the only time.[283] | |
Francis Jammes | December 2, 1868 Tournay, France |
November 1, 1938 Hasparren, France |
1931 | Nominated by Anders Österling (1884–1981) the only time.[284] | |
Ole Edvart Rølvaag | April 22, 1876 Dønna, Norway |
November 5, 1931 Minnesota, United States |
1931 | Nominated by Laurence M. Larson (1868–1938) the only time.[285] | |
Erich Maria Remarque | June 22, 1898 Osnabrück, Germany |
September 25, 1970 Locarno, Switzerland |
1931 | Nominated by Tor Hedberg (1862–1931) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[286] | |
Ivan Shmelyov | October 3, 1873 Moscow, Russia |
June 24, 1950 Paris, France |
1931, 1932 | [287] | |
Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić | April 18, 1874 Ogulin, Croatia |
September 21, 1938 Zagreb, Croatia |
1931, 1935, 1937, 1938 | [288] | |
Ramón Pérez de Ayala | August 9, 1880 Oviedo, Spain |
August 5, 1962 Madrid, Spain |
1931, 1934, 1947 | [289] | |
Martin Andersen Nexø | June 26, 1869 Christianshavn, Denmark |
June 1, 1954 Dresden, Germany |
1931, 1950 | [290] | |
Ramón Menéndez Pidal | March 13, 1869 A Coruña, Spain |
November 14, 1968 Madrid, Spain |
1931, 1932, 1934, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | Menéndez Pidal earns the highest record as the most nominated person for the Nobel Prize in Literature but never won the prize. He was nominated 151 times.[291] | |
1932 | |||||
Michael Blümelhuber | September 23, 1865 Christkindl, Austria |
January 29, 1936 Steyr, Austria |
1932 | Nominated by Oswald Redlich (1858–1944) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[292] | |
Francesco Orestano | April 14, 1873 Alia, Italy |
August 20, 1945 Rome, Italy |
1932 | Nominated by Pietro Bonfante (1864–1932) the only time.[293] | |
Axel Munthe | October 31, 1857 Oskarshamn, Sweden |
February 11, 1949 Stockholm, Sweden |
1932 | Nominated by Rolf Lagerborg (1874–1959) the only time.[294] | |
Percival Elgood | July 3, 1863 Marlborough, England |
December 20, 1941 Cairo, Egypt |
1932 | Nominated by Arthur James Grant (1862–1948) the only time.[295] | |
Grigol Robakidze | October 28, 1880 Imereti, Georgia |
November 19, 1962 Geneva, Switzerland |
1932 | Nominated by Richard Meckelein (1880–1948) the only time.[296] | |
Karel Čapek | January 9, 1890 Malé Svatoňovice, Czechia |
December 25, 1938 Prague, Czechia |
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938 | [297] | |
Vilhelm Ekelund | October 14, 1880 Scania, Sweden |
September 3, 1949 Saltsjöbaden, Sweden |
1932, 1941 | [298] | |
Manuel Gálvez | May 6, 1882 Parana, Argentina |
November 14, 1962 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1932, 1933, 1934, 1951, 1952 | [299] | |
Upton Sinclair | September 20, 1878 Maryland, United States |
November 25, 1968 New Jersey, United States |
1932, 1933, 1934, 1965 | [300] | |
1933 | |||||
Henrique Coelho Neto | February 21, 1864 Maranhão, Brazil |
November 28, 1934 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1933 | [301] | |
Max Beerbohm | August 24, 1872 London, England |
May 20, 1956 Rapallo, Italy |
1933 | Nominated by Tancred Borenius (1885–1948) the only time.[302] | |
Hayim Nahman Bialik | January 9, 1873 Volhynia, Russia |
July 4, 1934 Vienna, Austria |
1933, 1934 | Nominated by Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) each time.[303] | |
Ernest Roguin | May 27, 1851 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland |
May 5, 1939 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1933, 1934 | Nominated by Edmond Rossier (1865–1945) each time.[304] | |
Joseph Bédier | January 28, 1864 Paris, France |
August 29, 1938 Le Grand-Serre, France |
1933, 1934 | Nominated by Henrik Schück (1855–1947) each time.[305] | |
Hermann Stehr | February 16, 1864 Bystrzyca Klodzka, Poland |
September 11, 1940 Szklarska Poręba, Poland |
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 | [306] | |
António Correia de Oliveira | July 30, 1878 São Pedro do Sul, Portugal |
February 20, 1960 Esposende, Portugal |
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942 | [307] | |
Carlos María Ocantos | August 24, 1860 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
March 29, 1949 Madrid, Spain |
1933, 1943 | [308] | |
José Ortega y Gasset | May 9, 1883 Madrid, Spain |
October 18, 1955 Madrid, Spain |
1933, 1951 | [309] | |
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | September 5, 1888 Thiruttani, India |
April 17, 1975 Chennai, India |
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 | Second President of India (1962 – 1967). Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[310] | |
1934 | |||||
Luigi Pirandello | June 28, 1867 Agrigento, Italy |
December 10, 1936 Rome, Italy |
1934 | Nominated by Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937) the only time and awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature.[311] | |
Eugene O’Neill | October 16, 1888 New York, United States |
November 27, 1953 Massachusetts, United States |
1934, 1935, 1936 | Awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1937.[312] | |
Roger Martin du Gard | March 23, 1881 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
August 22, 1958 Belforêt-en-Perche, France |
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | Awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature.[313] | |
Francisco García Calderón Rey | April 8, 1883 Valparaíso, Chile |
July 1, 1953 Lima, Peru |
1934 | [314] | |
Ventura García Calderón | February 23, 1886 Paris, France |
October 27, 1959 Paris, France |
1934 | [315] | |
Ole Hallesby | August 5, 1879 Aremark, Norway |
November 22, 1961 Oslo, Norway |
1934 | Nominated jointly by Olai Skulerud (1881–1963) the only time.[316][317] | |
Ewald Magnus Engebrethsen Sundberg | October 8, 1886 Kristiansand, Norway |
April 1967 Norway |
1934 | ||
Hans Henrik Holm | January 18, 1896 Oslo, Norway |
September 27, 1980 Oslo, Norway |
1934 | Nominated by Alexander Seippel (1851–1938) the only time.[318] | |
Franz Karl Ginzkey | September 8, 1871 Pula, Croatia |
April 11, 1963 Vienna, Austria |
1934, 1935 | [319] | |
Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński | September 14, 1859 Kiev, Ukraine |
May 8, 1944 Schondorf, Germany |
1934, 1935 | [320] | |
Jarl Hemmer | September 18, 1893 Vaasa, Finland |
December 6, 1944 Porvoo, Finland |
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 | [321] | |
Maria Madalena Valdez Trigueiros de Martel Patrício | April 19, 1884 Lisbon, Portugal |
November 3, 1947 Lisbon, Portugal |
1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 | [322] | |
Jean Schlumberger | May 26, 1877 Guebwiller, France |
October 25, 1968 Paris, France |
1934, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, 1964 | [323] | |
1935[bi] | |||||
James Cousins | July 22, 1873 Belfast, Northern Ireland |
February 20, 1956 Madanapalle, India |
1935 | Nominated by Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) the only time.[324] | |
Sven Erik Lönborg | March 16, 1871 Motala, Sweden |
April 11, 1959 Uppsala, Sweden |
1935 | Nominated by Emil Rodhe (1863–1936) the only time.[325] | |
Émile Mâle | June 2, 1862 Commentry, France |
October 6, 1954 Fontaine-Chaalis, France |
1935 | Nominated by Emil Rodhe (1863–1936) the only time.[326] | |
Guðmundur Kamban | June 8, 1888 Reykjavík, Iceland |
May 5, 1945 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1935 | Nominated by Bengt Hesselman (1875–1952) the only time.[327] | |
Violet Clifton | November 2, 1883 Rome, Italy |
November 20, 1961 Lytham St Annes, England |
1935 | Nominated by Nevill Coghill (1899–1980) the only time.[328] | |
Elise Richter | March 2, 1865 Vienna, Austria |
June 23, 1943 Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechia |
1935 | [329] | |
Gilbert Keith Chesterton | May 29, 1874 Kensington, England |
June 14, 1936 Beaconsfield, England |
1935 | Nominated by Torsten Fogelqvist (1880–1941) the only time.[330] | |
Dezső Szabó | June 10, 1879 Kolozsvár, Hungary |
January 13, 1945 Budapest, Hungary |
1935 | Nominated by Björn Collinder (1894–1983) the only time.[331] | |
Víctor Manuel Rendón | December 5, 1859 Guayaquil, Ecuador |
October 9, 1940 Guayaquil, Ecuador |
1935 | Nominated by Celiano Monge Navarrete (1856–1940) the only time.[332] | |
Edvarts Virza | December 27, 1883 Ozolnieki, Latvia |
March 1, 1940 Riga, Latvia |
1935, 1936 | [333] | |
Miguel de Unamuno | September 29, 1864 Bilbao, Spain |
December 31, 1936 Salamanca, Spain |
1935, 1936 | [334] | |
Shaul Tchernichovsky | August 20, 1875 Kiev, Ukraine |
October 14, 1943 Jerusalem, Israel |
1935, 1937 | Nominated by Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) each time.[335] | |
John Masefield | June 1, 1878 Ledbury, England |
May 12, 1967 Abingdon, England |
1935, 1937 | Nominated by Anders Österling (1884–1981) each time.[336] | |
Jules Romains | August 26, 1885 Saint-Julien-Chapteuil, France |
August 14, 1972 Paris, France |
1935, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1963, 1966 | [337] | |
1936[bj] | |||||
Asis Domet | June 25, 1890 Cairo, Egypt |
June 27, 1943 Berlin, Germany |
1936 | Nominated by G. E. Khoury (?) the only time.[338] | |
Hari Mohan Banerjee | ? India |
September 3, 1960 Kolkata, India |
1936 | Nominated by Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (1875–1950) the only time and nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[339] | |
Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti | January 10, 1871 Vienna, Austria |
April 8, 1955 Linz, Austria |
1936 | [340] | |
Sigmund Freud | May 6, 1856 Příbor, Czechia |
September 23, 1939 London, England |
1936 | Nominated by Romain Rolland (1866–1944) the only time and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[341] | |
Alfred Edward Evershed | April 22, 1870 Littlehampton, England |
May 31, 1941 Tasmania, Australia |
1936 | Nominated by Elias Edward Miller (1878–1937) the only time and nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[342] | |
Ludwig Klages | December 10, 1872 Hanover, Germany |
July 29, 1956 Kilchberg, Switzerland |
1936, 1937 | Nominated by Wilhelm Pinder (1878–1947) each time.[343] | |
Cécile Tormay | October 8, 1875 Budapest, Hungary |
April 2, 1937 Gyöngyös, Hungary |
1936, 1937 | [344] | |
Hans Fallada | July 21, 1893 Greifswald, Germany |
February 5, 1947 Berlin, Germany |
1936, 1939 | [345] | |
Arvid Mörne | May 6, 1876 Kuopio, Finland |
June 15, 1946 Kauniainen, Finland |
1936, 1945, 1946 | [346] | |
Georges Duhamel | June 30, 1884 Paris, France |
April 13, 1966 Valmondois, France |
1936, 1937, 1940, 1942, 1942, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1961 | [347] | |
1937 | |||||
Maurice Magre | March 2, 1877 Toulouse, France |
December 11, 1941 Nice, France |
1937 | [348] | |
Jules Payot | April 10, 1859 Chamonix, France |
January 30, 1940 Aix-en-Provence, France |
1937 | Nominated by Alfred Baudrillart (1859–1942) the only time.[349] | |
Arnold Schering | April 2, 1877 Wrocław, Poland |
March 7, 1941 Berlin, Germany |
1937 | Nominated by Ilmari Krohn (1867–1960) the only time.[350] | |
Maria Jotuni | April 9, 1880 Kuopio, Finland |
September 30, 1943 Helsinki, Finland |
1937 | Nominated by Viljo Tarkiainen (1879–1951) the only time.[351] | |
Albert Verwey | May 15, 1865 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
March 8, 1937 Noordwijk, Netherlands |
1937 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[352] | |
William Burchell/Bashyr Pickard | July 31, 1889 London, England |
January 25, 1973 Hertford, England |
1937 | Nominated by Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952) the only time.[353] | |
Valdemar Rørdam | September 23, 1872 Fakse, Denmark |
July 13, 1946 Holbæk, Denmark |
1937, 1938 | [354] | |
Bensadhar Majumdar | ? India |
? India |
1937, 1939 | [355] | |
Sally Salminen | April 25, 1906 Vårdö, Åland, Finland |
July 18, 1976 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1937, 1938, 1939 | [356] | |
Maila Talvio | October 17, 1871 Hartola, Finland |
January 6, 1951 Helsinki, Finland |
1937, 1939, 1947 | [357] | |
René Béhaine | June 17, 1880 Vervins, France |
January 2, 1966 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France |
1937, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944 1948, 1965 | [358] | |
Johan Falkberget | September 30, 1879 Røros, Norway |
April 5, 1967 Røros, Norway |
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965 | [359] | |
Stijn Streuvels | October 3, 1871 Kortrijk, Belgium |
August 15, 1969 Anzegem, Belgium |
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1969 | [360] | |
Jean Giono | March 30, 1895 Manosque, France |
October 9, 1970 Manosque, France |
1937, 1952, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [361] | |
1938 | |||||
Pearl Buck | June 26, 1892 West Virginia, United States |
March 6, 1973 Vermont, United States |
1938 | Awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[362] | |
Robert Ritchie Racey | May 3, 1873 Canada |
September 15, 1956 Paris, Ontario, Canada |
1938 | Nominated by Arthur Leonard Phelps (1887–1970) the only time.[363] | |
Mohammad Khan (prob. Mohammad Habib (1895–1971)) |
? India |
? India |
1938 | Nominated by Per Hallström (1866–1960) the only time.[364] | |
Margaret Mitchell | November 8, 1900 Georgia, United States |
August 16, 1949 Georgia, United States |
1938 | Nominated by Sven Hedin (1865–1952) the only time.[365] | |
Arthur van Schendel | March 5, 1874 Jakarta, Indonesia |
September 11, 1946 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
1938 | [366] | |
Veikko Antero Koskenniemi | July 8, 1885 Oulu, Finland |
August 4, 1962 Turku, Finland |
1938 | Nominated by Aapeli Saarisalo (1896–1986) the only time.[367] | |
Sanjib Chaudhuri | ? India |
? India |
1938, 1939 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[368] | |
Mark Aldanov | November 7, 1886 Kiev, Ukraine |
February 24, 1957 Nice, France |
1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 | [369] | |
Henriette Charasson | February 13, 1884 Le Havre, France |
May 29, 1972 Châteauroux, France |
1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1945,[bm] 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957 | [370] | |
Herman Teirlinck | February 24, 1879 Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Belgium |
February 4, 1967 Beersel, Belgium |
1938, 1954, 1957, 1960 | [371] | |
Aldous Huxley | July 26, 1894 Godalming, England |
November 22, 1963 California, United States |
1938, 1939, 1955, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963 | [372] | |
1939 | |||||
Flávio de Carvalho | August 10, 1899 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
June 4, 1973 São Paulo, Brazil |
1939 | Nominated by Paul Vanorden Shaw (1898–1970) the only time.[373] | |
Egidio Poblete Escudero | November 7, 1868 Valparaíso, Chile |
October 18, 1940 Valparaíso, Chile |
1939 | Nominated by Miguel Luís Amunátegui Reyes (1862–1949) the only time.[374] | |
Ethel Florence Richardson | January 3, 1870 East Melbourne, Australia |
March 20, 1946 Hastings, England |
1939 | Nominated by Sten Bodvar Liljegren (1885–1984) the only time.[375] | |
Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel | November 6, 1870 Liverpool, England |
February 5, 1963 London, England |
1939 | Nominated by Per Hallström (1866–1960) the only time.[376] | |
Hugh Walpole | March 13, 1884 Auckland, New Zealand |
June 1, 1941 Keswick, England |
1939 | Nominated by Sten Bodvar Liljegren (1885–1984) the only time.[377] | |
Johan Huizinga | December 7, 1872 Groningen, Netherlands |
February 1, 1945 De Steeg, Netherlands |
1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1953, 1944, 1945 | [378] | |
Henriette Roland Holst | December 24, 1869 Noordwijk, Netherlands |
November 21, 1952 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
1939, 1950, 1952 | [379][380] | |
Eugène Baie | August 3, 1874 Anderlecht, Belgium |
September 10, 1964 Anderlecht, Belgium |
1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956 | [381] | |
Hu Shih | December 17, 1891 Songjiang, China |
February 24, 1962 Taipei, Taiwan |
1939, 1957 | [382] | |
Maria Dąbrowska | October 6, 1889 Russów, Poland |
May 19, 1965 Warsaw, Poland |
1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965 | [383] |
1940–1949
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1940[bi] | |||||
Gabriela Mistral | April 7, 1889 Vicuña, Chile |
January 10, 1957 New York, United States |
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 | Awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.[384] | |
Alfonso Strafile | 1872 Cerignola, Italy |
? Italy |
1940 | Nominated by Domenico Vittorini (1892–1958) the only time.[385] | |
Gösta Albert Carlberg | September 23, 1909 Norrköping, Sweden |
March 13, 1973 Stockholm, Sweden |
1940 | Nominated by Einar Tegen (1884–1965) the only time.[386] | |
Bert Bailey | June 11, 1868 Auckland, New Zealand |
March 30, 1953 Darlinghurst, Australia |
1940 | Nominated by Georges Rency (1875–1951) the only time.[387] | |
Edmund Blunden | November 1, 1896 London, England |
January 20, 1974 Long Melford, England |
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 | Nominated by Heinrich Wolfgang Donner (1904-1980) each time.[388] | |
Carl Sandburg | January 6, 1878 Illinois, United States |
July 22, 1967 North Carolina, United States |
1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1958, 1959 | [389] | |
Lin Yutang | October 10, 1895 Zhangzhou, China |
March 26, 1976 Hong Kong |
1940, 1950, 1970, 1972, 1973 | [390] | |
1941[bi] | |||||
Manoel Cyrillo Wanderley (prob. Manuel Bandeira (1886–1968)) |
Brazil |
Brazil |
1941 | Nominated by Francisco de Aquino Correia, S.D.B. (1885–1956) the only time.[391] | |
Ruth Comfort Young | July 21, 1882 California, United States |
February 18, 1954 California, United States |
1941 | [392] | |
Branislav Petronijević | March 25, 1875 Sovljak, Serbia |
March 4, 1954 Belgrade, Serbia |
1941, 1947 | [393] | |
1942[bi] | |||||
Sigfrid Siwertz | January 24, 1882 Stockholm, Sweden |
November 26, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden |
1942 | Nominated by Carl Olaf Bøggild-Andersen (1898–1967) the only time.[394] | |
Teixeira de Pascoaes | November 2, 1877 Amarante, Portugal |
December 14, 1952 Amarante, Portugal |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945,[bn] 1947, 1948 | Nominated by João António Mascarenhas Júdice (1898–1957) each time.[395] | |
Nikolai Berdyaev | March 18, 1874 Kiev, Ukraine |
March 24, 1948 Clamart, France |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948 | Nominated by Alf Nyman (1884–1968) each time.[396] | |
Charles Langbridge Morgan | January 22, 1894 Bromley, England |
February 6, 1958 London, England |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 | [397] | |
Enrique Larreta | March 4, 1875 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
July 6, 1961 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945,[bo] 1950 | [398] | |
Hans Carossa | December 15, 1878 Bad Tölz, Germany |
September 12, 1956 Lower Bavaria, Germany |
1942, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1955, 1956 | [399] | |
1943[bi] | |||||
John Steinbeck | February 27, 1902 California, United States |
December 20, 1968 New York, United States |
1943, 1944, 1945, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 | Awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature.[400] | |
Sri Aurobindo | August 15, 1872 Kolkata, India |
December 5, 1950 Puducherry, India |
1943 | Nominated by Francis Younghusband (1863–1942) the only time and nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[401] | |
Franz Werfel | September 10, 1890 Prague, Czechia |
August 26, 1945 California, United States |
1943, 1945 | [402] | |
Franz Hellens | September 8, 1881 Brussels, Belgium |
January 20, 1972 Brussels, Belgium |
1943, 1948, 1958, 1954 | [403] | |
Elisaveta Bagryana | April 16, 1893 Sofia, Bulgaria |
March 23, 1991 Sofia, Bulgaria |
1943, 1944, 1945, 1969 | [404] | |
1944 | |||||
Abol-Gassem E’tessam Zadeh | ? Iran |
? Iran |
1944 | Nominated by Issa Sepahbodi (1896–?) the only time.[405] | |
Luis Nueda y Santiago | 1883 Madrid, Spain |
1952 Madrid, Spain |
1944 | Nominated by Julio Casares (1877–1964) the only time.[406] | |
Charles Ferdinand Ramuz | September 24, 1878 Lausanne, Switzerland |
May 23, 1947 Pully, Switzerland |
1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 | [407] | |
Arnulf Øverland | April 27, 1889 Kristiansund, Norway |
March 25, 1968 Oslo, Norway |
1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1965, 1966, 1967 | [408] | |
1945 | |||||
Thomas Sterns Eliot | September 26, 1888 Missouri, United States |
January 4, 1965 Kensington, England |
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948 | Awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature.[409] | |
Yiorgos Theotokas | April 27, 1906 Constantinople, Turkey |
October 30, 1966 Athens, Greece |
1945 | Nominated by Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970) the only time.[410] | |
Armando Alvares Pedroso | June 29, 1907 Havana, Cuba |
September 9, 1990 Miami, United States |
1945[bp] | ||
Edward Morgan Forster | January 1, 1879 London, England |
June 7, 1970 Coventry, England |
1945, 1946, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [411][412] | |
Marie Under | March 27, 1883 Reval, Estonia |
September 25, 1980 Stockholm, Sweden |
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [413] | |
1946 | |||||
André Gide | November 22, 1869 Paris, France |
February 19, 1951 Paris, France |
1946, 1947 | Awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature.[414] | |
François Mauriac | October 11, 1885 Bordeaux, France |
September 1, 1970 Paris, France |
1946, 1949, 1950, 1952 | Awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize in Literature.[415] | |
Winston Churchill | November 30, 1874 Blenheim Palace, England |
January 24, 1965 Kensington, England |
1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–45, 1951–55). Awarded the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature.[416] | |
Boris Pasternak | February 10, 1890 Moscow, Russia |
May 30, 1960 Moscow, Russia |
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1957, 1958 | Awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature.[417] | |
Herbert John Clifford Grierson | January 16, 1866 Lerwick, Scotland |
February 19, 1960 Cambridge, England |
1946 | Nominated by William James Entwistle (1895–1952) the only time.[418] | |
Sholem Asch | November 1, 1880 Kutno, Poland |
July 10, 1957 London, England |
1946, 1947 | Nominated by Walter Arthur Berendsohn (1884–1984) each time.[419] | |
Angelos Sikelianos | March 28, 1884 Lefkada, Greece |
June 19, 1951 Athens, Greece |
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 | [420] | |
Ignazio Silone | May 1, 1900 Pescina, Italy |
August 22, 1978 Geneva, Switzerland |
1946, 1947, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1969 | [421] | |
Tarjei Vesaas | August 20, 1897 Vinje, Norway |
March 15, 1970 Oslo, Norway |
1946, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 | [422] | |
1947 | |||||
Pär Lagerkvist | May 23, 1891 Växjö, Sweden |
July 11, 1974 Lidingö, Sweden |
1947, 1949, 1950, 1951 | Awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature.[423] | |
Ernest Hemingway | July 21, 1899 Illinois, United States |
July 2, 1961 Idaho, United States |
1947, 1950, 1953, 1954 | Awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature.[424] | |
Mikhail Sholokhov | May 24, 1905 Vyoshenskaya, Russia |
February 21, 1984 Vyoshenskaya, Russia |
1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | Awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.,[425][426] | |
Shmuel Yosef Agnon | August 8, 1887 Buchach, Ukraine |
February 17, 1970 Jerusalem, Israel |
1947, 1948, 1951, 1965, 1966 | Shared the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Nelly Sachs[427] | |
Bernard O'Dowd | April 11, 1866 Beaufort, Australia |
September 1, 1953 Melbourne, Australia |
1947 | [428] | |
Horace Kallen | August 11, 1882 Bierutow, Poland |
February 16, 1974 Florida, United States |
1947 | Nominated by Louise Rosenblatt (1904–2005) the only time.[429] | |
Gregorios Xenopoulos | December 9, 1867 Constantinople, Turkey |
January 14, 1951 Athens, Greece |
1947 | Nominated by Iōannēs Kalitsounakēs (1878–1966) the only time.[430] | |
Toyohiko Kagawa | July 10, 1888 Hyogo, Japan |
April 23, 1960 Tokyo, Japan |
1947, 1948 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[431] | |
Georgios Drosinis | December 9, 1859 Athens, Greece |
January 3, 1951 Kifisia, Greece |
1947, 1948 | [432] | |
Nikos Kazantzakis | February 18, 1883 Heraklion, Greece |
October 26, 1957 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
1947, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 | [433] | |
André Malraux | November 3, 1901 Paris, France |
November 23, 1976 Créteil, France |
1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [434] | |
1948 | |||||
Halldór Laxness | April 23, 1902 Reykjavík, Iceland |
February 8, 1998 Reykjavík, Iceland |
1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 | Awarded the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature.[435] | |
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette | January 28, 1873 Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, France |
August 3, 1954 Paris, France |
1948 | Nominated by Claude Farrère (1876–1957) the only time.[436] | |
Dorothy Canfield Fisher | February 17, 1879 Kansas, United States |
November 9, 1958 Vermont, United States |
1948, 1949 | Nominated by David Baumgardt (1890–1963) each time.[437] | |
George Santayana | December 16, 1863 Madrid, Spain |
September 26, 1952 Rome, Italy |
1948, 1949 | [438] | |
Zalman Shneur | ca. 1887 Shkloŭ, Belarus |
February 20, 1959 New York, United States |
1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1957 | [439][440] | |
George Macauley Trevelyan | February 16, 1876 Stratford-upon-Avon, England |
July 21, 1962 Cambridge, England |
1948, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960 | [441] | |
Riccardo Bacchelli | April 19, 1891 Bologna, Italy |
October 8, 1985 Monza, Italy |
1948, 1949, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [442] | |
1949[bj] | |||||
Albert Camus | November 7, 1913 Algiers, Algeria |
January 4, 1960 Villeblevin, France |
1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 | Awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature.[443] | |
Jacinto Grau | ca. 1877 Barcelona, Spain |
August 14, 1958 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1949 | Nominated by Hjalmar Gullberg (1898–1961) the only time.[444] | |
Reinaldo Temprano Azcona | 1911 Pajares de la Lampreana, Spain |
1954 Spain |
1949 | Nominated by Emilio Alarcos García (1895–1986) the only time.[445] | |
Leonid Leonov | May 31, 1899 Moscow, Russia |
August 8, 1994 Moscow, Russia |
1949, 1950 | Nominated by Valentin Kiparsky (1904–1983) each time.[446] | |
Enrique González Martínez | April 13, 1871 Guadalajara, Mexico |
February 19, 1952 Mexico City, Mexico |
1949, 1952 | [447] | |
Alfonso Reyes | May 17, 1889 Monterrey, Mexico |
December 27, 1959 Mexico City, Mexico |
1949, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959 | [448] | |
Seán O'Casey | March 30, 1880 Dublin, Ireland |
September 18, 1964 Torquay, England |
1949, 1950, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [449] | |
Taha Hussein | November 15, 1889 Maghagha, Egypt |
October 28, 1973 Cairo, Egypt |
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1973 | [450] | |
Alberto Moravia | November 28, 1907 Rome, Italy |
September 26, 1990 Rome, Italy |
1949, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [451] |
1950–1959
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | |||||
William Faulkner | September 25, 1897 Mississippi, United States |
July 6, 1962 Mississippi, United States |
1950 | Nominated by Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
(1884–1965) the only time and awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950.[452] | |
Bertrand Russell | May 18, 1872 Trellech, Wales |
February 2, 1970 Penrhyndeudraeth, Wales |
1950 | Nominated by Eugen Tigerstedt (1907–1979) the only time, awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[453] | |
Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany | July 24, 1878 London, England |
October 25, 1957 Dublin, Ireland |
1950 | [454] | |
Leopold Staff | November 14, 1878 Lviv, Ukraine |
May 31, 1957 Skarżysko-Kamienna, Poland |
1950 | Nominated by Jan Parandowski (1895–1978) the only time.[455] | |
Thomas Head Raddall | November 13, 1903 Hythe, England |
April 1, 1994 Liverpool, England |
1950 | Nominated by Will Richard Bird (1891–1984) the only time.[456] | |
Albert Steffen | December 10, 1884 Wynau, Switzerland |
July 13, 1963 Dornach, Switzerland |
1950 | Nominated by Kersti Bergroth (1886–1975) the only time.[457] | |
John Dewey | October 20, 1859 Vermont, United States |
June 1, 1952 New York, United States |
1950 | Nominated by Henry Steele Commager (1902–1998) the only time.[458] | |
Hermann Broch | November 1, 1886 Vienna, Austria |
May 30, 1951 Connecticut, United States |
1950 | [459] | |
Júlio Dantas | May 19, 1876 Lagos, Portugal |
May 25, 1962 Lisbon, Portugal |
1950, 1951 | [460] | |
Alfred Noyes | September 16, 1880 Wolverhampton, England |
June 25, 1958 Isle of Wight, England |
1950, 1951 | [461] | |
Jakobus Cornelis Bloem | May 10, 1887 Oudshoorn, Netherlands |
August 10, 1966 Kalenberg, Netherlands |
1950, 1952 | [462] | |
Arnold Joseph Toynbee | April 14, 1889 London, England |
October 22, 1975 York, England |
1950, 1957 | [463] | |
Karl Jaspers | February 23, 1883 Oldenburg, Germany |
February 26, 1969 Basel, Switzerland |
1950, 1960 | [464] | |
Karen Blixen | April 17, 1885 Rungsted, Denmark |
September 7, 1962 Rungsted, Denmark |
1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 | [465] | |
Robert Frost | March 26, 1874 California, United States |
January 29, 1963 Massachusetts, United States |
1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [466] | |
Gertrud von Le Fort | October 11, 1876 Minden, Germany |
November 1, 1971 Oberstdorf, Germany |
1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [467][468] | |
Martin Buber | February 8, 1878 Vienna, Austria |
June 13, 1965 Jerusalem, Israel |
1950, 1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[469] | |
Simon Vestdijk | October 17, 1898 Harlingen, Netherlands |
March 23, 1971 Utrecht, Netherlands |
1950, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [470] | |
Mika Waltari | September 19, 1908 Helsinki, Finland |
August 26, 1979 Helsinki, Finland |
1950, 1951, 1952, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1971 | [471] | |
Robert Graves | July 24, 1895 Wimbledon, England |
December 7, 1985 Deià, Spain |
1950, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973 | [472] | |
Graham Greene | October 2, 1904 Berkhamsted, England |
April 3, 1991 Vevey, Switzerland |
1950, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [473] | |
1951 | |||||
Ezequiel Martínez Estrada | September 14, 1895 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
November 4, 1964 Bahía Blanca, Argentina |
1951 | [474] | |
Sotíris Skípis | ca. 1881 Athens, Greece |
September 29, 1952 Provence, France |
1951 | Nominated by an unnamed nominator[bq] the only time.[475] | |
Katharine Susannah Prichard | December 4, 1883 Levuka, Fiji |
October 2, 1969 Greenmount, Australia |
1951 | Nominated by Leavitt Olds Wright (1891–1980) the only time.[476] | |
María Enriqueta Camarillo | February 19, 1872 Coatepec, Mexico |
February 13, 1968 Mexico City, Mexico |
1951 | [477] | |
Rómulo Gallegos | August 2, 1884 Caracas, Venezuela |
April 5, 1969 Caracas, Venezuela |
1951, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967 | [478] | |
José Maria Ferreira de Castro | May 24, 1898 Ossela, Portugal |
June 29, 1974 Porto, Portugal |
1951, 1952, 1969, 1970, 1973 | [479][480] | |
1952 | |||||
Juan Ramón Jiménez | December 24, 1881 Moguer, Spain |
May 29, 1958 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 | Awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Literature.[481] | |
Albert Schweitzer | January 14, 1875 Kaysersberg-Vignoble, France |
September 4, 1965 Lambarene, Gabon |
1952 | Nominated by Nils Ahnlund (1889–1957) the only time and awarded the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.[482] | |
John Dover Wilson | July 13, 1881 London, England |
January 15, 1969 Balerno, Scotland |
1952 | Nominated by Charles Jasper Sisson (1885–1966) the only time.[483] | |
Charles Plisnier | December 13, 1896 Ghlin, Belgium |
July 17, 1952 Brussels, Belgium |
1952 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[484] | |
Paul Vialar | September 18, 1898 Saint-Denis, France |
January 8, 1996 Vaucresson, France |
1952 | [485] | |
Louis Artus | January 10, 1870 Paris, France |
May 11, 1960 Paris, France |
1952 | [486] | |
Van Wyck Brooks | February 16, 1886 New Jersey, United States |
May 2, 1963 Connecticut, United States |
1952 | [487] | |
Charlie Chaplin | April 16, 1889 London, United Kingdom |
December 25, 1977 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland |
1952[br] | ||
Walter de la Mare | April 25, 1873 London, England |
June 22, 1956 Twickenham, England |
1952, 1953 | Nominated by Harry Martinson (1904–1978) each time.[489] | |
Julien Benda | December 26, 1867 Paris, France |
June 7, 1956 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France |
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 | [490] | |
Werner Bergengruen | September 16, 1892 Riga, Latvia |
September 4, 1964 Baden-Baden, Germany |
1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1963 | [491][492] | |
Salvador de Madariaga | July 23, 1886 A Coruña, Spain |
December 14, 1978 Muralto, Switzerland |
1952, 1963, 1971, 1973 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[493] | |
1953 | |||||
Gottfried Benn | May 2, 1886 Putlitz, Germany |
July 97, 1956 Berlin, Germany |
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 | [494] | |
Max Mell | November 10, 1882 Maribor, Slovenia |
December 12, 1971 Vienna, Austria |
1953, 1954, 1960, 1962 | [495] | |
Alberto Hidalgo Lobato | May 23, 1897 Arequipa, Peru |
November 12, 1967 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1953, 1966, 1968 | [496] | |
1954 | |||||
Jaroslav Seifert | September 23, 1901 Prague, Czechia |
January 10, 1986 Prague, Czechia |
1954, 1968, 1969 | Awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize in Literature.[497] | |
Ricardo Rojas | September 16, 1882 Tucumán, Argentina |
July 29, 1957 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1954 | [498] | |
Gustave Vanzype | June 10, 1869 Brussels, Belgium |
September 12, 1955 Brussels, Belgium |
1954 | Nominated by Gustave Charlier (1885–1959) the only time.[499] | |
Georgios Vouyouklatis | 1903 Greece |
1956 Paris, France |
1954 | [500] | |
Carl Jung | July 26, 1875 Kesswil, Switzerland |
June 6, 1961 Küsnacht, Switzerland |
1954 | Nominated by Ernst Alker (1895–1972) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[501] | |
1955 | |||||
Saint-John Perse | May 31, 1887 Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe |
September 20, 1975 Hyères, France |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 | Awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Literature.[502] | |
Giorgos Seferis | March 13, 1900 Urla, Turkey |
September 20, 1971 Athens, Greece |
1955, 1961, 1962, 1963 | Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Literature.[503] | |
Eugenio Montale | October 12, 1896 Genoa, Italy |
September 12, 1981 Milan, Italy |
1955, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature.[504] | |
Igor Gouzenko | January 13, 1919 Dmitrov, Russia |
June 28, 1982 Mississauga, Canada |
1955 | [505] | |
Gustav Suits | November 18, 1883 Võnnu, Estonia |
May 23, 1956 Stockholm, Sweden |
1955 | Nominated by William Kleesmann Matthews (1901–1958) the only time.[506] | |
Reinhold Schneider | May 13, 1903 Baden-Baden, Germany |
April 6, 1958 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
1955 | Nominated by Eduard von Jan (1885–1971) the only time.[507] | |
Ernst Robert Curtius | April 14, 1886 Thann, France |
April 19, 1956 Rome, Italy |
1955 | Nominated by Max Vasmer (1886–1962) the only time.[508] | |
Carlos Vaz Ferreira | October 15, 1872 Montevideo, Uruguay |
January 3, 1958 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1955 | [509] | |
Arthur Bryant | February 18, 1899 Dersingham, England |
January 22, 1985 Wiltshire, England |
1955 | Nominated by Eric Reginald Vincent (1894–1978) the only time.[510] | |
Giovanni Papini | January 9, 1881 Florence, Italy |
July 8, 1956 Florence, Italy |
1955 | Nominated by Henri de Ziégler (1885–1970) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[511] | |
Fernando González Ochoa | April 24, 1895 Envigado, Colombia |
February 16, 1964 Envigado, Colombia |
1955[bs] | ||
Edith Sitwell | September 7, 1887 Scarborough, England |
December 9, 1964 London, England |
1955, 1958, 1959 | [513] | |
Adriaan Roland Holst | May 23, 1888 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
August 5, 1976 Bergen, Netherlands |
1955, 1961 | [514][515] | |
William Somerset Maugham | January 25, 1874 Paris, France |
December 16, 1965 Nice, France |
1955, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965 | [516] | |
Leslie Poles Hartley | December 30, 1895 Whittlesey, England |
December 13, 1972 London, England |
1955, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 | [517] | |
Henri Bosco | November 16, 1888 Avignon, France |
May 4, 1976 Nice, France |
1955, 1956, 1965, 1966, 1968 | [518] | |
Giuseppe Ungaretti | February 8, 1888 Alexandria, Egypt |
June 1, 1970 Milan, Italy |
1955, 1956, 1958, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970 | [519] | |
Ezra Pound | October 30, 1885 Idaho, United States |
November 1, 1972 Venice, Italy |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [520] | |
1956 | |||||
Pablo Neruda | July 12, 1904 Parral, Chile |
September 23, 1973 Santiago, Chile |
1956, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | Awarded the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature.[521] | |
Marthe Bibesco | January 28, 1886 Bucharest, Romania |
November 28, 1973 Paris, France |
1956 | [522] | |
Bertolt Brecht | February 10, 1898 Augsburg, Germany |
August 14, 1956 East Berlin, Germany |
1956 | Nominated by André Bonnard (1888–1959) the only time.[523] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. | |
Francesco Chiesa | July 5, 1871 Sagno, Switzerland |
June 13, 1973 Lugano, Switzerland |
1956 | [524] | |
Melpo Axioti | July 15, 1905 Athens, Greece |
May 22, 1973 Athens, Greece |
1956 | Nominated by André Bonnard (1888–1959) the only time.[525] | |
Elizabeth Goudge | April 24, 1900 Wells, England |
April 1, 1984 Oxfordshire, England |
1956, 1959 | Nominated by Edmond Privat (1889–1962) the only time.[526] | |
Jules Supervielle | January 16, 1884 Montevideo, Uruguay |
May 17, 1960 Paris, France |
1956, 1957, 1960 | [527] | |
Gonzague de Reynold | July 15, 1880 Cressier, Switzerland |
April 9, 1970 Fribourg, Switzerland |
1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 | [528] | |
Armand Godoy | April 1, 1880 Havana, Cuba |
March 11, 1964 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1956, 1957, 1960, 1961 | [529] | |
Vasco Pratolini | October 19, 1913 Florence, Italy |
January 12, 1991 Rome, Italy |
1956, 1959, 1963 | Nominated by Paul Renucci (1915–1976) each time.[530] | |
Christopher Fry | December 18, 1907 Bristol, England |
June 30, 2005 Chichester, England |
1956, 1959, 1960, 1964 | [531] | |
Jean Guitton | August 18, 1901 Saint-Étienne, France |
March 21, 1999 Paris, France |
1956, 1965 | Nominated by Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990) the only time.[532] | |
Marcel Pagnol | February 28, 1895 Aubagne, France |
April 18, 1974 Paris, France |
1956, 1959, 1966 | [533] | |
Ernst Jünger | March 29, 1895 Heidelberg, Germany |
February 17, 1998 Riedlingen, Germany |
1956, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 | [534] | |
Henry de Montherlant | April 20, 1895 Paris, France |
September 21, 1972 Paris, France |
1956, 1957, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971 | [535] | |
Gabriel Marcel | December 7, 1889 Paris, France |
October 8, 1973 Paris, France |
1956, 1957, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1972 | [536] | |
Jorge Luis Borges | August 24, 1899 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
June 14, 1986 Geneva, Switzerland |
1956, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [537] | |
1957 | |||||
Jean-Paul Sartre | June 21, 1905 Paris, France |
April 15, 1980 Paris, France |
1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 | Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but declined the prize.[538] | |
Samuel Beckett | April 13, 1906 Foxrock, Ireland |
December 22, 1989 Paris, France |
1957, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | Awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature.[539] | |
Lennox Robinson | October 4, 1886 Cork, Ireland |
October 15, 1958 Dublin, Ireland |
1957 | [540] | |
Valery Larbaud | August 29, 1881 Vichy, France |
February 2, 1957 Vichy, France |
1957 | Nominated by Pierre Costil (1901–1968) the only time.[541] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. | |
Carl Hendrik Knuth Becker | January 21, 1891 Hjørring, Denmark |
October 30, 1974 Vår, Denmark |
1957 | Nominated by Sven Clausen (1893–1961) the only time.[542] | |
Jan Parandowski | May 11, 1895 Lviv, Ukraine |
September 26, 1978 Warsaw, Poland |
1957, 1959 | [543] | |
Frank Thiess | March 13, 1890 Ikšķile, Latvia |
December 22, 1977 Darmstadt, Germany |
1957, 1962 | [544] | |
Carlo Levi | November 29, 1902 Turin, Italy |
January 4, 1975 Rome, Italy |
1957, 1966 | [545] | |
Mircea Eliade | March 13, 1907 Bucharest, Romania |
April 22, 1986 Illinois, United States |
1957, 1968 | [546] | |
Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz | February 20, 1894 Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine |
March 2, 1980 Warsaw, Poland |
1957, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1969 | [547] | |
André Chamson | June 6, 1900 Nîmes, France |
November 9, 1983 Paris, France |
1957, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [548] | |
Väinö Linna | December 20, 1920 Urjala, Finland |
April 21, 1992 Kangasala, Finland |
1957, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [549] | |
1958 | |||||
Salvatore Quasimodo | August 20, 1901 Modica, Italy |
June 14, 1968 Naples, Italy |
1958, 1959 | Awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature.[550] | |
Ivo Andrić | October 10, 1892 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
March 13, 1975 Belgrade, Serbia |
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 | Awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Literature.[551] | |
Elio Vittorini | July 23, 1908 Syracuse, Italy |
February 12, 1966 Milan, Italy |
1958 | Nominated by Stuart Pratt Atkins (1914–2000) the only time.[552] | |
James Gould Cozzens | August 19, 1903 Illinois, United States |
August 9, 1978 Florida, United States |
1958 | Nominated by Gordon S. Haight (1901–1985) the only time.[553] | |
John Hersey | June 17, 1914 Tianjin, China |
March 24, 1993 Florida, United States |
1958 | Nominated by Helen Rose Hull (1888–1971) the only time.[554] | |
Fernand Baldensperger | May 4, 1871 Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, France |
February 24, 1958 Paris, France |
1958 | Nominated by Alan Carey Taylor (1905–1975) the only time.[555] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. | |
Elizabeth Bowen | June 7, 1899 Dublin, Ireland |
February 22, 1973 London, England |
1958 | Nominated by Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) the only time.[556] | |
John Cowper Powys | October 8, 1872 Shirley, England |
June 17, 1963 Blaenau Ffestiniog, Wales |
1958, 1959, 1962 | [557] | |
Rudolf Alexander Schröder | January 26, 1878 Bremen, Germany |
August 22, 1962 Bad Wessee, Germany |
1958, 1960, 1962 | [558][559] | |
Maurice Bowra | April 8, 1898 Jiujiang, China |
July 4, 1971 Oxford, England |
1958, 1961, 1965 | [560] | |
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki | July 24, 1886 Tokyo, Japan |
July 30, 1965 Kanagawa, Japan |
1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | [561] | |
Lionel Trilling | July 4, 1905 New York, United States |
November 5, 1975 New York, United States |
1958, 1963, 1965 | [562] | |
Robert Penn Warren | April 24, 1905 Kentucky, United States |
September 15, 1989 Vermont, United States |
1958, 1965, 1967 | [563] | |
Junzaburō Nishiwaki | January 20, 1894 Niigata, Japan |
June 5, 1982 Niigata, Japan |
1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | [564][565] | |
Georges Simenon | February 13, 1903 Liège, Belgium |
September 4, 1989 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1958, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1970 | [566] | |
Tennessee Williams | March 26, 1911 Mississippi, United States |
February 25, 1983 New York, United States |
1958, 1971 | [567] | |
Miroslav Krleža | July 7, 1893 Zagreb, Croatia |
December 29, 1981 Zagreb, Croatia |
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [568] | |
1959 | |||||
Ernest Claes | October 24, 1885 Scherpenheuvel-Zichem, Belgium |
September 2, 1968 Ixelles, Belgium |
1959 | Nominated by W. F. Mainland (?) the only time.[569] | |
Sochi Raut Roy | May 13, 1916 Khordha district, India |
August 21, 2004 Cuttack, India |
1959 | Nominated by Radhakamal Mukerjee (1889–1968) the only time.[570] | |
Osbert Sitwell | December 6, 1892 London, England |
May 4, 1969 Florence, Italy |
1959 | Nominated jointly with Edith Sitwell by Alexander Gillies (1907–1982) the only time.[571][572] | |
Sacheverell Sitwell | November 15, 1897 Scarborough, England |
October 1, 1988 Towcester, England |
1959 | ||
Charles Mauron | June 27, 1899 Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France |
December 4, 1966 Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France |
1959 | Nominated by Charles Rostaing (1904–1999) the only time.[573] | |
Mario Roques | July 1, 1875 Callao, Peru |
March 8, 1961 Paris, France |
1959, 1960 | Nominated by Ida-Marie Frandon (1907–1997) each time.[574] | |
Martin Heidegger | September 26, 1889 Meßkirch, Germany |
May 26, 1976 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
1959, 1960 | [575] | |
Stefan Andres | June 26, 1906 Trittenheim, Germany |
June 29, 1970 Rome, Italy |
1959, 1963 | [576] | |
Juana de Ibarbourou | March 8, 1892 Melo, Uruguay |
July 15, 1979 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1959, 1960, 1963 | [577] | |
Heimito von Doderer | September 5, 1896 Vienna, Austria |
December 23, 1966 Vienna Austria |
1959, 1960, 1962, 1964 | [578] | |
María Raquel Adler | ca. 1900 Argentine Sea |
July 28, 1974 Bernal, Argentina |
1959, 1965 | [579] | |
Miguel Torga | August 12, 1907 São Martinho de Anta, Portugal |
January 17, 1995 Coimbra, Portugal |
1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 | [580] | |
Arnold Zweig | November 10, 1887 Glogow, Poland |
November 26, 1968 East Berlin, Germany |
1959, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[581] | |
Hans Egon Holthusen | April 15, 1913 Rendsburg, Germany |
January 21, 1997 Munich, Germany |
1959, 1968 | [582] | |
Étienne Gilson | June 13, 1884 Paris, France |
September 19, 1978 Auxerre, France |
1959, 1964, 1969 | [583] | |
Louis Aragon | October 3, 1897 Paris, France |
December 24, 1982 Paris, France |
1959, 1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [584] | |
Anna Seghers | November 19, 1900 Mainz, Germany |
June 1, 1983 East Berlin, Germany |
1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 | [585] | |
Frank Raymond Leavis | July 14, 1895 Cambridge, England |
April 14, 1978 Cambridge, England |
1959, 1962, 1973 | [586] | |
Max Frisch | May 15, 1911 Zürich, Switzerland |
April 4, 1991 Zürich, Switzerland |
1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973 | [587] | |
Julien Gracq | July 27, 1910 Mauges-sur-Loire, France |
December 22, 2007 Angers, France |
1959, 1960, 1961, 1972, 1973 | [588] |
1960–1969
editPicture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | |||||
Heinrich Böll | December 21, 1917 Cologne, Germany |
July 16, 1985 Kreuzau, Germany |
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature.[589] | |
Wesley LaViolette | January 4, 1894 Minnesota, United States |
July 29, 1978 California, United States |
1960 | Nominated by Vinayaka Krishna Gokak (1909–1992) the only time.[590] | |
Karl Waggerl | December 10, 1897 Badgestein, Austria |
November 4, 1973 Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria |
1960 | Nominated by Friedrich Wild (1888–1966) the only time.[591] | |
Aquilino Ribeiro | September 13, 1885 Sernancelhe, Portugal |
May 27, 1963 Lisbon, Portugal |
1960 | [592] | |
Wilhelm Lehmann | May 4, 1882 Puerto Cabello, Venezuela |
November 17, 1968 Eckernförde, Germany |
1960 | Nominated by Friedrich Sengle (1909–1994) the only time.[593] | |
Marie Noël | February 16, 1883 Auxerre, France |
December 23, 1967 Auxerre, France |
1960 | Nominated by Maurice Bémol (1900–1961) the only time.[594] | |
Jean Price-Mars | October 15, 1876 Grande Rivière du Nord, Haiti |
March 1, 1969 Petion-Ville, Haiti |
1960 | [595] | |
James Thurber | December 8, 1894 Ohio, United States |
November 2, 1961 New York, United States |
1960 | [596] | |
Franz Theodor Csokor | September 6, 1885 Vienna, Austria |
January 5, 1969 Vienna, Austria |
1960, 1962 | [597] | |
Stratis Myrivilis | June 30, 1890 Lesbos, Greece |
July 19, 1969 Athens, Greece |
1960, 1962, 1963 | [598] | |
Elias Venezis | March 4, 1904 Ayvalık, Turkey |
August 3, 1974 Athens, Greece |
1960, 1963 | [599] | |
Aksel Sandemose | March 19, 1899 Nykobing Mors, Denmark |
August 6, 1965 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | [600] | |
John Boyton Priestley | September 13, 1894 Bradford, England |
August 14, 1984 Stratford-upon-Avon, England |
1960, 1964, 1966 | [601] | |
René Char | June 14, 1907 L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, France |
February 19, 1988 Paris, France |
1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1973 | [602] | |
1961 | |||||
Yasunari Kawabata | June 14, 1899 Osaka, Japan |
April 16, 1972 Kanagawa, Japan |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | Awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in Literature.[603] | |
Michel de Ghelderode | April 3, 1898 Ixelles, Belgium |
April 1, 1962 Brussels, Belgium |
1961 | Nominated by Eric Bentley (1916–2020) the only time.[604] | |
Cora Sandel | December 20, 1880 Oslo, Norway |
April 3, 1974 Uppsala, Sweden |
1961 | Nominated by Harald Ofstad (1920–1994) the only time.[605] | |
Gaston Bachelard | June 27, 1884 Bar-sur-Aube, France |
October 16, 1962 Paris, France |
1961 | Nominated by Georges May (1920–2003) the only time.[606] | |
Giulia Scappino Murena | 1902 Italy |
1970s (or prob. 1967) Riccione, Rimini, Italy |
1961, 1962 | Nominated by Alfredo Galletti (1872–1962) each time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[607] | |
Arthur Waley | August 19, 1889 Royal Tunbridge Wells, England |
June 27, 1966 London, England |
1961, 1962, 1964 | [608] | |
Jean Anouilh | June 23, 1910 Bordeaux, France |
October 3, 1987 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968 | [609] | |
Pierre Jean Jouve | October 11, 1887 Arras, France |
January 8, 1976 Paris, France |
1961, 1964, 1968, 1969 | [610] | |
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien | January 3, 1892 Bloemfontein, South Africa |
September 2, 1973 Bournemouth, England |
1961, 1967, 1969 | [611] | |
Edmund Wilson | May 8, 1895 New Jersey, United States |
June 12, 1972 New York, United States |
1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 | [612] | |
Lawrence Durrell | February 27, 1912 Jalandhar, India |
November 7, 1990 Sommières, France |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971 | [613] | |
Charles Percy Snow | October 15, 1905 Leicester, England |
July 1, 1980 London, England |
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971 | [614][615][616] | |
Wystan Hugh Auden | February 21, 1907 York, England |
September 29, 1973 Vienna, Austria |
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [617] | |
Simone de Beauvoir | January 9, 1908 Paris, France |
April 14, 1986 Paris, France |
1961, 1969, 1973 | [618] | |
Friedrich Dürrenmatt | January 5, 1921 Konolfingen, Switzerland |
December 14, 1990 Neuchâtel, Switzerland |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [619] | |
1962 | |||||
Eyvind Johnson | July 29, 1900 Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden[620] |
August 25, 1976 Stockholm, Sweden |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson.[621] | |
Boris Zaytsev | February 10, 1881 Oryol, Russia |
January 22, 1972 Paris, France |
1962 | Nominated by Rostislav Pletnv (1903–1985) the only time.[622] | |
Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto | February 6, 1897 Stroud, England |
January 21, 1982 Bristol, England |
1962 | Nominated by William Beare (1933–2019) the only time.[623] | |
André Schwarz-Bart | May 23, 1928 Metz, France |
September 30, 2006 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe |
1962 | Nominated by Ingerid Dal (1895–1985) the only time.[624] | |
Hans Erich Nossack | January 30, 1901 Hamburg, Germany |
November 2, 1977 Hamburg, Germany |
1962 | Nominated by Josef Math (?) the only time.[625] | |
Manfred Georg Andreas Hausmann | September 10, 1898 Kassel, Germany |
August 6, 1986 Bremen, Germany |
1962 | Nominated by Heinrich Dörrie (1911–1983) the only time.[626] | |
Ronald Syme | March 11, 1903 Eltham, New Zealand |
September 4, 1989 Oxford, England |
1962 | Nominated by Albrecht Dihle (1923–2020) the only time.[627] | |
Pietro Ubaldi | August 18, 1886 Foligno, Italy |
February 29, 1972 São Paulo, Brazil |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [628] | |
Josep Carner | February 9, 1884 Barcelona, Spain |
June 4, 1970 Brussels, Belgium |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1970 | [629] | |
Roman Jakobson | October 10, 1896 Moscow, Russia |
July 18, 1982 Massachusetts, United States |
1962, 1971, 1972 | [630] | |
Jorge Guillén | January 18, 1893 Valladolid, Spain |
February 6, 1984 Málaga, Spain |
1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 | [631] | |
William Heinesen | January 15, 1900 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
March 12, 1991 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
1962, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [632] | |
Erich Kästner | February 23, 1899 Dresden, Germany |
July 29, 1974 Munich, Germany |
1962, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [633] | |
Vilhelm Moberg | August 20, 1898 Algutsboda, Sweden |
August 8, 1973 Väddö, Sweden |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [634] | |
Carl Zuckmayer | December 27, 1896 Nackenheim, Germany |
January 18, 1977 Saas Fee, Switzerland |
1962, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 | [635] | |
1963 | |||||
Nelly Sachs | December 10, 1891 Berlin, Germany |
May 12, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 | Shared the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shmuel Yosef Agnon.[636] | |
Ingeborg Bachmann | June 25, 1926 Klagenfurt, Austria |
October 17, 1973 Rome, Italy |
1963 | Nominated by Harald Patzer (1910–2005) the only time.[637] | |
Emilio Cecchi | July 14, 1884 Florence, Italy |
September 5, 1966 Rome, Italy |
1963 | Nominated by Howard Rosario Marraro (1897–1972) the only time.[638] | |
Jean Cocteau | July 5, 1889 Maisons-Laffitte, France |
October 11, 1963 Milly-la-Forêt, France |
1963 | Nominated by Léon Cellier (1911–1976) the only time.[639] | |
Ingemar Düring | September 2, 1903 Gothenburg, Sweden |
December 23, 1984 Gothenburg, Sweden |
1963 | Nominated by Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) the only time.[640] | |
René Étiemble | January 26, 1909 Mayenne, France |
January 7, 2002 Vigny, France |
1963 | Nominated by Auguste Haury (1910–2002) the only time.[641] | |
Yevgeny Yevtushenko | July 18, 1932 Zima, Russia |
April 1, 2017 Oklahoma, United States |
1963 | Nominated by Konrad Bittner (1890–1967) the only time.[642] | |
Rudolf Pfeiffer | September 20, 1889 Augsburg, Germany |
May 5, 1979 Dachau, Germany |
1963 | Nominated by Will Richter (1910–1984) the only time.[643] | |
Kate Roberts | February 13, 1891 Rhosgadfan, Wales |
April 14, 1985 Denbigh, Wales |
1963 | Nominated by Idris Foster (1911–1984) the only time.[644] | |
André Breton | February 18, 1896 Tinchebray-Bocage, France |
September 28, 1966 Paris, France |
1963, 1964 | [645] | |
Ramón José Sender | February 3, 1901 Chalamera, Spain |
February 16, 1982 California, United States |
1963, 1964 | [646] | |
Jean Guéhenno | March 25, 1890 Fougères, France |
September 22, 1978 Paris, France |
1963, 1964, 1965 | Nominated by Edmond Jarno (1905–1985) each time.[647] | |
Karl Löwith | January 9, 1897 Munich, Germany |
May 26, 1973 Heidelberg, Germany |
1963, 1964, 1967 | Nominated by Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) each time.[648] | |
Charles de Gaulle | November 22, 1890 Lille, France |
November 9, 1970 Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, France |
1963, 1968 | President of France (1959–1969).[649] | |
Yukio Mishima | January 14, 1925 Tokyo, Japan |
November 25, 1970 Tokyo, Japan |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968 | [650] | |
Gustave Thibon | September 2, 1903 Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche, France |
January 19, 2001 Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche, France |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 | Nominated by Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990) each time.[651] | |
Erico Verissimo | December 17, 1905 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
November 28, 1975 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
1963, 1968 | [652] | |
Marcel Jouhandeau | July 26, 1888 Guéret, France |
April 7, 1979 Rueil-Malmaison, France |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969 | Nominated by Jean Gaulmier (1905–1997) each time.[653] | |
Henri Queffélec | January 29, 1910 Brest, France |
January 12, 1992 Paris, France |
1963, 1972 | [654] | |
Michel Butor | September 14, 1926 Mons-en-Barœul, France |
August 24, 2016 Contamine-sur-Arve, France |
1963, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [655] | |
Vladimir Nabokov | April 22, 1899 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
July 2, 1977 Montreux, Switzerland |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 | [656] | |
Léopold Sédar Senghor | October 9, 1906 Joal-Fadiout, Senegal |
December 20, 2001 Verson, France |
1963, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | 1st President of Senegal (1960 – 1980). Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[657] | |
1964 | |||||
Miguel Ángel Asturias | October 19, 1899 Guatemala City, Guatemala |
June 9, 1974 Madrid, Spain |
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 | Awarded the 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature.[658] | |
Harry Martinson | May 6, 1904 Jämshög, Sweden |
February 11, 1978 Solna, Sweden |
1964, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature with Eyvind Johnson[659] | |
Camilo José Cela | May 11, 1916 Iria Flavia, Spain |
January 17, 2002 Madrid, Spain |
1964, 1973 | Awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature.[660] | |
Jérôme Carcopino | June 27, 1881 Eure, France |
March 17, 1970 Paris, France |
1964 | Nominated by Pierre Grimal (1912–1996) the only time.[661] | |
Jacques Perret | September 8, 1901 Trappes, France |
December 10, 1992 Paris, France |
1964 | Nominated by Paul Pédech (1912–2005) the only time.[662] | |
Jacques Pirenne | June 26, 1891 Ghent, Belgium |
September 7, 1972 Hierges, France |
1964 | Nominated by Pierre Nothomb (1887–1966) the only time.[663] | |
Ina Seidel | September 15, 1885 Halle (Saale), Germany |
October 2, 1974 Schäftlarn, Germany |
1964 | Nominated by Günther Jachmann (1887–1979) the only time.[664] | |
Pierre Emmanuel | May 3, 1916 Gan, France |
September 24, 1984 Paris, France |
1964, 1966 | [665] | |
Hossein Ghods-Nakhai | ca. 1894 Mazandaran, Iran |
December 30, 1977 Shiraz, Iran |
1964, 1966 | [666] | |
Judith Wright | May 31, 1915 Armidale, Australia |
June 25, 2000 Canberra, Australia |
1964, 1965, 1967 | [667] | |
Gunnar Ekelöf | September 15, 1907 Stockholm, Sweden |
March 16, 1968 Sigtuna, Sweden |
1964, 1968 | [668] | |
Hugh MacDiarmid | August 11, 1892 Langholm, Scotland |
September 9, 1978 Edinburgh, Scotland |
1964, 1968 | Nominated by David Daiches (1912–2005) each time.[669] | |
Katherine Anne Porter | May 15, 1890 Texas, United States |
September 18, 1980 Maryland, United States |
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | [670] | |
Paul Celan | November 23, 1920 Cernăuți, Romania |
April 20, 1970 Paris, France |
1964, 1966, 1968, 1969 | [671] | |
Eugène Ionesco | November 26, 1909 Slatina, Romania |
March 28, 1994 Paris, France |
1964, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [672] | |
James Thomas Farrell | February 27, 1904 Illinois, United States |
August 22, 1979 New York, United States |
1964, 1973 | [673] | |
Robert Lowell | March 1, 1917 Boston, United States |
September 12, 1977 New York, United States |
1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1973 | [674] | |
Henri Michaux | May 24, 1899 Namur, Belgium |
October 19, 1984 Paris, France |
1964, 1973 | [675] | |
José María Pemán | May 8, 1897 Cádiz, Spain |
July 19, 1981 Cádiz, Spain |
1964, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1973 | [676] | |
1965[677] | |||||
Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno | September 11, 1903 Frankfurt, Germany |
August 6, 1969 Visp, Switzerland |
1965 | Nominated by Helmut Viebrock (1912–1997) the only time.[678] | |
Alceu Amoroso Lima | December 11, 1893 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
August 14, 1983 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1965 | [679] | |
Tudor Arghezi | May 21, 1880 Bucharest, Romania |
July 14, 1967 Bucharest, Romania |
1965 | Nominated by Angelo Monteverdi (1886–1967) the only time.[680] | |
Gilbert Cesbron | January 13, 1913 Paris, France |
August 12, 1979 Paris, France |
1965 | Nominated by Pierre Jonin (1912–1997) the only time.[681] | |
Sudhindra Nath Ghose | July 30, 1899 Bardhaman, Bengal |
December 30, 1965 London, England[682] |
1965 | Nominated by Henri de Ziégler (1885–1970) the only time.[683] | |
Gopal Singh | November 29, 1917 Goa, India |
August 8, 1990 Goa, India |
1965 | [684] | |
Giovannino Guareschi | May 1, 1908 Roccabianca, Italy |
July 22, 1968 Cervia, Italy |
1965 | Nominated by Mario Manlio Rossi (1895–1971) the only time.[685] | |
Pêr-Jakez Helias | February 17, 1914 Pouldreuzic, France |
August 13, 1995 Quimper, France |
1965 | Nominated by André Lebois (1915–1978) the only time.[686] | |
Wilhelm Röpke | October 10, 1899 Schwarmstedt, Germany |
February 12, 1966 Geneva, Switzerland |
1965 | Nominated by Olof Gigon (1912–1998) the only time.[687] | |
Alan Sillitoe | March 4, 1928 Nottingham, England |
April 25, 2010 London, England |
1965 | Nominated by Robert Graves (1895–1985) the only time.[688] | |
Carl Erik Soya | October 30, 1896 Copenhagen, Denmark |
November 10, 1983 Rudkøbing, Denmark |
1965 | [689] | |
Henri Troyat | November 1, 1911 Moscow, Russia |
March 2, 2007 Paris, France |
1965 | Nominated by Ernst Dickenmann (1902–1985) the only time.[690] | |
Marguerite Yourcenar | June 8, 1903 Brussels, Belgium |
December 17, 1987 Maine, United States |
1965 | Nominated by Ida-Marie Frandon (1907–1997) the only time.[691] | |
Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui | December 21, 1901 Portugalete, Spain |
May 31, 1982 Madrid, Spain |
1965 | Nominated by Elie Poulenard (1901–1985) the only time.[692] | |
Anna Akhmatova | June 23, 1889 Odesa, Ukraine |
March 5, 1966 Domodedovo, Russia |
1965, 1966 | [693] | |
Marie Luise Kaschnitz | January 31, 1901 Karlsruhe, Germany |
October 10, 1974 Rome, Italy |
1965, 1967 | Nominated by Hermann Tiemann (1899–1981) each time.[694] | |
Konstantin Paustovsky | May 31, 1892 Moscow, Russia |
July 14, 1968 Moscow, Russia |
1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | [695] | |
Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh | January 13, 1892 Isfahan, Iran |
November 8, 1997 Geneva, Switzerland[696] |
1965, 1967, 1969 | [697] | |
Alejo Carpentier | December 26, 1904 Lausanne, Switzerland |
April 24, 1980 Paris, France |
1965, 1966, 1967, 1971 | [698] | |
Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn Rahnamā | 1894 Iran |
1990 Iran |
1965, 1967, 1973 | [699] | |
Gyula Illyés | November 2, 1902 Pálfa, Hungary |
April 15, 1983 Budapest, Hungary |
1965, 1966, 1972, 1973 | [700] | |
1966[701] | |||||
Günter Grass | October 16, 1927 Free City of Danzig, Germany |
April 13, 2015 Lübeck, Germany |
1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.[702] | |
Johan Borgen | April 28, 1902 Oslo, Norway |
October 16, 1979 Hvaler, Norway |
1966 | Nominated by Harry Martinson (1904–1978) the only time.[703] | |
Carlo Emilio Gadda | November 14, 1893 Milan, Italy |
May 21, 1973 Rome, Italy |
1966 | Nominated by Mario Pei (1901–1978) the only time.[704] | |
Thierry Maulnier | October 1, 1909 Alès, France |
September 26, 1988 Marnes-la-Coquette, France |
1966 | Nominated by Félix Carrère (1911–1991) the only time.[705] | |
Henry Muller | August 21, 1902 Muhlbach-sur-Bruche, France |
November 15, 1980 Paris, France |
1966 | Nominated by Pierre Lyautey (1893–1976) the only time.[706] | |
Walter Pabst | March 9, 1907 Darmstadt, Germany |
November 18, 1992 Berlin, Germany |
1966 | Nominated by Günther Reichenkron (1907–1966) the only time.[707] | |
Alexandre Arnoux | February 27, 1884 Digne, France |
January 5, 1973 Paris, France |
1966, 1968 | Nominated by François Bar (?) each time.[708] | |
Pierre-Henri Simon | January 16, 1903 Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde, France |
September 20, 1972 Ville-d'Avray, France |
1966, 1968 | [709] | |
Witold Gombrowicz | August 4, 1904 Małoszyce, Poland |
July 24, 1969 Vence, France |
1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [710] | |
Arnold Wesker | May 24, 1932 London, England |
April 12, 2016 Brighton, England |
1966, 1969 | [711] | |
1967[712] | |||||
Saul Bellow | June 10, 1915 Lachine, Quebec, Canada |
April 5, 2005 Brookline, Massachusetts, United States |
1967, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature.[713][714] | |
Claude Simon | October 10, 1913 Tananarive, Madagascar |
Jule 6, 2005 Paris, France |
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Literature.[715][716] | |
Arturo Capdevila | March 14, 1889 Córdoba, Argentina |
December 20, 1967 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1967 | [717] | |
Hans Magnus Enzensberger | November 11, 1929 Kaufbeuren, Germany |
November 24, 2022 Munich, Germany |
1967 | Nominated by Wolfgang Baumgart (1949–2011) the only time.[718] | |
Jean Genet | December 19, 1910 Paris, France |
April 15, 1986 Paris, France |
1967 | Nominated by Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) the only time.[719] | |
Lawrence Sargent Hall | April 23, 1915 Haverill, Massachusetts, United States |
October 28, 1993 Orr's Island, Maine, United States |
1967 | Nominated by Robert Brumbaugh (1918–1992) the only time.[720] | |
Friedrich Georg Jünger | September 1, 1898 Hanover, Germany |
July 20, 1977 Überlingen, Germany |
1967 | Nominated by Fritz Schalk (1902–1980) the only time.[721] | |
Basij Khalkhali | April 16, 1918 Khalkhal, Iran |
December 31, 1995 Tehran, Iran |
1967 | Nominated by Sadeq Rezazadeh Shafaq (1892–1971) the only time.[722] | |
György Lukács | April 13, 1885 Budapest, then Austria-Hungary |
June 4, 1971 Budapest, Hungary |
1967 | Nominated by Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) the only time.[723] | |
André Pézard | June 22, 1893 Paris, France |
August 26, 1984 Sault, Vaucluse, France |
1967 | Nominated by Wilhelm Theodor Elwert (1906–1997) the only time.[724] | |
Pavlo Tychyna | January 23, 1891 Pisky, Ukraine |
September 16, 1967 Kiev, Ukraine |
1967 | Tychyna has died before the only chance to be rewarded. Nominated jointly with Ivan Drach by Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) the only time.[725][726] | |
Lina Kostenko | March 19, 1930 Rzhyshchiv, Ukraine |
— | |||
Ivan Drach | March 14, 1936 Telischynzi, Tetijiw district, Ukraine |
June 19, 2018 Kyiv, Ukraine |
1967, 1969 | Nominated by Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) each time.[727] | |
Carlos Drummond de Andrade | October 31, 1902 Itabira, Brazil |
August 17, 1987 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1967, 1969 | [728] | |
Emil Boyson | September 4, 1897 Bergen, Norway |
June 2, 1979 Oslo, Norway |
1967, 1969 | Nominated by Asbjørn Aarnes (1923–2013) each time.[729] | |
Germán Pardo García | July 19, 1902 Ibagué, Colombia |
August 23, 1991 Mexico City, Mexico |
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 | [730] | |
Jorge Amado | August 10, 1912 Itabuna, Brazil |
August 6, 2001 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [731] | |
Rabbe Enckell | March 3, 1903 Tammela, Finland |
June 17, 1974 Helsinki, Finland |
1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [732] | |
1968[733] | |||||
Patrick White | May 28, 1912 Knightsbridge, London, England |
September 30, 1990 Sydney, Australia |
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature.[734][735] | |
Mildred Mathews Breedlove | May 27, 1904 Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States |
August 14, 1994 Ferron, Utah, United States |
1968 | [736] | |
Konstantin Fedin | February 24, 1892 Saratov, Russia |
July 15, 1977 Moscow, Russia |
1968 | [737] | |
Zbigniew Herbert | October 29, 1924 Lwów, then Poland |
July 28, 1998 Warsaw, Poland |
1968 | Nominated jointly with Graham Greene and Sławomir Mrożek by Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) the only time.[738] | |
Segismundo Masel | 1895 |
1985 Argentina |
1968 | Nominated by Antonio de Tornes Ballesteros (?) the only time.[739] | |
Marianne Moore | November 15, 1887 Kirkwood, Missouri, United States |
February 5, 1972 New York City, United States |
1968 | Nominated by Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) the only time.[740] | |
Peter Vansittart | August 27, 1920 Bedford, England |
October 4, 2008 Ipswich, England |
1968 | Nominated by Herbert Howarth (1900-1971) the only time.[741] | |
Kazimierz Wierzyński | August 27, 1894 Drohobych, now Ukraine |
February 13, 1969 London, England |
1968 | Nominated by unnamed nominator the only time.[742] | |
Joseph Delteil | April 20, 1894 Villar-en-Val, France |
April 16, 1978 Grabels, France |
1968, 1969 | [743] | |
Claude Lévi-Strauss | November 28, 1908 Brussels, Belgium |
October 30, 2009 Paris, France |
1968, 1969 | [744] | |
Agustí Bartra | November 8, 1908 Barcelona, Spain |
July 7, 1982 Terrassa, Spain |
1968, 1969, 1970 | Nominated by Manuel Durán (1925–2020) each time.[745] | |
Friedebert Tuglas | March 2, 1886 Ahja, now Estonia |
April 15, 1971 Tallinn, Estonia |
1968, 1969, 1970 | [746][747] | |
Angus Wilson | August 11, 1913 Bexhill-on-Sea, England |
May 31, 1991 Bury St Edmunds, England |
1968, 1971 | [748] | |
Luis Buñuel | February 22, 1900 Calanda, Spain |
July 29, 1983 Mexico City, Mexico |
1968, 1972 | [749] | |
Edward Compton Mackenzie | January 17, 1883 West Hartlepool, England |
November 30, 1972 Edinburgh, Scotland |
1968, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [750] | |
Sławomir Mrożek | June 29, 1930 Borzęcin, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, then Poland |
August 15, 2013 Nice, France |
1968, 1972 | [751] | |
Vladimír Holan | September 16, 1905 Prague, now Czech Republic |
March 31, 1980 Kampa Island, Prague, Czech Republic |
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [752] | |
G.L.Martin-Saint-René | November 22, 1888 Paris, France |
January 21, 1973 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France |
1968, 1969, 1972, 1973 | [753] | |
Tadeusz Różewicz | October 9, 1921 Radomsko, Poland |
April 24, 2014 Wrocław, Poland |
1968, 1971, 1973 | [754] | |
1969[755] | |||||
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | December 11, 1918 Kislovodsk, Russia |
August 3, 2008 Moscow, Russia |
1969, 1970 | Awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature.[756] | |
Elias Canetti | July 25, 1905 Ruse, Bulgaria |
August 14, 1994 Zürich, Switzerland |
1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature.[757] | |
Jean Cassou | July 9, 1897 Deusto, Spain |
January 16, 1986 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated by Giannēs Koutsocheras (1904–1994) the only time.[758] | |
Georges Dumézil | March 4, 1898 Paris, France |
October 11, 1986 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated by Marcel Bataillon (1895–1977) the only time.[759] | |
Louis Guilloux | January 15, 1899 Saint-Brieuc, France |
October 14, 1980 Saint-Brieuc, France |
1969 | Nominated by Jean-Bertrand Barrère (1914–1985).[760] | |
Yasushi Inoue | May 6, 1907 Asahikawa, Japan |
January 29, 1991 Tokyo, Japan |
1969 | Nominated by Erich Ruprecht (1906–1997) the only time.[761] | |
Bernhard Karlgren | October 15, 1889 Jönköping, now Sweden |
October 20, 1978 Stockholm, Sweden |
1969 | Nominated by Walter Fuchs (1914–1993) the only time.[762] | |
Robert Pinget | July 19, 1919 Geneva, Switzerland |
August 25, 1997 Tours, France |
1969 | Nominated jointly with Vladimír Holan and Carlos Drummond de Andrade by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) the only time.[763] | |
Anthony Powell | December 21, 1905 Westminster, England |
October 19, 1999 Frome, England |
1969 | Nominated by Jean Hamard (1920-2012) the only time.[764] | |
Raymond Queneau | February 21, 1903 Le Havre, France |
October 25, 1976 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated by T. van den Heuvel (?) the only time.[765] | |
Jean Rateau-Landeville | December 23, 1894 Chaville, France |
February 14, 1972 Bordeaux, France |
1969 | Nominated by Pierre Flottes (1895–1994) the only time.[766] | |
Gustave Roud | April 20, 1897 Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz, Switzerland |
November 10, 1976 Moudon, Switzerland |
1969 | Nominated by Henri Perrochon (1899–1990) the only time.[767] | |
Nathalie Sarraute | July 18, 1900 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia |
October 19, 1999 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated by Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) the only time.[768] | |
Ton Smerdel | April 21, 1904 Silba, now Croatia |
August 20, 1970 Zagreb, now Croatia |
1969 | Nominated by Christiaan Alphonsus van den Berk (1919–1979) the only time.[769] | |
Hồ Hữu Tường | 1910 Thường Thạnh, now Vietnam |
June 26, 1980 Saigon, Vietnam |
1969 | Nominated by Đông Hồ (1906–1969) the only time.[770] | |
Jerzy Andrzejewski | August 19, 1909 Warsaw, now Poland |
April 19, 1983 Warsaw, Poland |
1969, 1970, 1971 | [771] | |
Karl Krolow | March 11, 1915 Hanover, Germany |
July 26, 1999 Darmstadt, Germany |
1969, 1971 | Nominated by Emil Ernst Ploss (1925–1972) each time.[772] | |
Jacques Maritain | November 18, 1882 Paris, France |
April 28, 1973 Toulouse, France |
1969, 1971 | Nominated by Charles Dédéyan (1910–2003) each time.[773] | |
Alain Robbe-Grillet | August 18, 1922 Brest, France |
February 18, 2008 Caen, France |
1969, 1971 | Nominated by Henry Olsson (1896–1985) each time.[774] | |
Edward Albee | March 12, 1928 Virginia, United States |
September 16, 2016 Montauk, New York, United States |
1969, 1971, 1972 | [775] | |
Aimé Césaire | June 26, 1913 Basse-Pointe, Martinique |
April 17, 2008 Fort-de-France, Martinique |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [776] | |
Tawfiq al-Hakim | October 9, 1898 Alexandria, Egypt |
July 26, 1987 Cairo, Egypt |
1969, 1972 | [777][778] | |
Siegfried Lenz | March 17, 1926 Lyck, now Poland |
October 7, 2014 Hamburg, Germany |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [779] | |
Hugh MacLennan | March 20, 1907 Glace Bay, Canada |
November 9, 1990 Montreal, Canada |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Nominated by Lawrence Lande (1906–1998) each time.[780] | |
Mécs László | January 17, 1895 Kostoľany nad Hornádom, now Slovakia |
November 9, 1978 Pannonhalma, Hungary |
1969, 1970, 1972, 1973 | [781] | |
Arthur Miller | October 17, 1915 Harlem, New York City, United States |
February 10, 2005 Roxbury, Connecticut, United States |
1969, 1971, 1973 | [782] | |
Hans Ruin | June 18, 1891 Helsinki, now Finland |
November 3, 1980 Stockholm, Sweden |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 | Nominated by Arthur Arnholtz (1901–1973) each time.[783] | |
Hannu Salama | October 4, 1936 Kouvola, Finland |
— | 1969, 1973 | [784] | |
Zaharia Stancu | October 7, 1902 Salcia, Teleorman, Romania |
December 5, 1974 Bucharest, Romania |
1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [785] | |
Gerard Walschap | July 9, 1898 Londerzeel-Sint-Jozef, Belgium |
October 25, 1989 Antwerp, Belgium |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [786] |
1970–1974
editNominees are published 50 years later so 1974 nominees should be published at the beginning of 2025.
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970[787] | |||||
Eugen Barbu | February 20, 1924 Bucharest, Romania |
September 7, 1993 Bucharest, Romania |
1970 | Nominated by Alexandru Rosetti (1895–1990) the only time.[788] | |
Hugo Bergmann | December 25, 1883 Prague, now Czech Republic |
June 18, 1975 Jerusalem, Israel |
1970 | Nominated by André Neher (1914–1988) the only time.[789] | |
Heðin Brú | August 17, 1901 Skálavík, Faroe Islands |
May 18, 1987 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
1970 | Nominated by Ólavur Michelsen (1933–1978) the only time.[790] | |
Robert Ganzo | August 22, 1898 Caracas, Venezuela |
April 6, 1995 Boulogne-Billancourt, France |
1970 | Nominated by André Lebois (1915–1978) the only time.[791] | |
Joseph (Dorra-)Haddad | 1913 Yabroud, Syria |
1979 | 1970 | Nominated by Fouad E. Boustany (1904–1994) the only time.[792] | |
Sei Itō | January 16, 1905 Otaru, Japan |
November 15, 1969 Tokyo, Japan |
1970 | Nominated jointly (Itō - posthumously) by Serizawa Kōjirō (1897–1993) the only time.[793][794] | |
Tatsuzō Ishikawa | July 2, 1905 Yokote, Akita, Japan |
January 31, 1985 Tokyo, Japan | |||
Yi Kwang-su | February 1, 1892 Chongju, Korea |
October 25, 1950 Manpo, North Korea |
1970 | Posthumously nominated by Chull Paik (1908–1985) the only time.[795] | |
Alexander Lernet-Holenia | October 21, 1897 Vienna, now Austria |
July 3, 1976 Vienna, Austria |
1970 | Nominated by Hilde Spiel (1911–1990) the only time.[796] | |
Victoria Ocampo | April 7, 1890 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
January 27, 1979 Béccar, Argentina |
1970 | Nominated by Miguel Alfredo Olivera (1922–2008) the only time.[797] | |
Emilio Oribe | April 13, 1893 Melo, Uruguay |
May 24, 1975 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1970 | Nominated by Sarah Bollo (1904–1987) the only time.[798] | |
Lluís Valeri i Sahís | September 18, 1891 Barcelona, Spain |
April, 1971 Barcelona, Spain |
1970 | Nominated by Antoni Griera i Gaja (1887–1973) the only time.[799] | |
Frank Waters | July 25, 1902 Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States |
June 3, 1995 Arroyo Seco, New Mexico, United States |
1970 | Nominated by Thomas J. Lyon (born 1937) the only time.[800] | |
Saunders Lewis | July 15, 1893 Wallasey, England |
September 1, 1985 Cardiff, Wales |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by John Ellis Caerwyn Williams (1912–1999) each time.[801] | |
Harold Macmillan | February 10, 1894 Belgravia, London, England |
December 29, 1986 Chelwood Gate, England |
1970, 1972 | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963) Nominated by Carl Becker (1925–1973) each time.[802] | |
Mikhail Naimy | October 17, 1889 Baskinta, Lebanon |
February 28, 1988 Beirut, Lebanon |
1970, 1971, 1972 | [803] | |
Pandelis Prevelakis | February 18, 1909 Rethymno, Greece |
March 15, 1986 Ekali, Greece |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by Kariophilēs Mētsakēs (1932–2013) each time.[804] | |
Denis de Rougemont | September 8, 1906 Couvet, Switzerland |
December 6, 1985 Geneva, Switzerland |
1970, 1972 | [805] | |
Abraham Sutzkever | July 15, 1913 Smarhonʹ, now Belarus |
January 20, 2010 Tel Aviv, Israel |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by Joseph Leftwich (1892–1984) each time.[806] | |
Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca | August 26, 1914 Istanbul, Turkey |
October 15, 2008 Istanbul, Turkey |
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [807] | |
Salvador Espriu | July 10, 1913 Santa Coloma de Farners, Spain |
February 22, 1985 Barcelona, Spain |
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [808] | |
Paavo Juhani Haavikko | January 25, 1931 Helsinki, Finland |
October 6, 2008 Helsinki, Finland |
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [809] | |
Evaristo Ribera Chevremont | February 16, 1890 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
March 1, 1976 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [810] | |
Sándor Weöres | June 22, 1913 Szombathely, Hungary |
January 22, 1989 Budapest, Hungary |
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Nominated by Áron Kibédi Varga (1930–2018) each time.[811] | |
Amado Magcalas Yuzon | August 30, 1906 Guagua, Philippines |
January 17, 1979 Manila, Philippines |
1970, 1973 | [812] | |
1971[813] | |||||
William Golding | September 19, 1911 Newquay, England |
June 19, 1993 Perranarworthal, England |
1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.[814] | |
Elie Wiesel | September 30, 1928 Sighet, Romania |
July 2, 2016 Manhattan, New York City, United States |
1971, 1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize.[815] | |
José María Arguedas | January 18, 1911 Andahuaylas, Peru |
December 2, 1969 La Molina District, Peru |
1971 | Posthumously nominated by Elie Poulenard (1901–1985) the only time.[816] | |
James Baldwin | August 2, 1924 New York City, United States |
December 1, 1987 Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France |
1971 | Nominated by Jacob Louis Mey (1926–2023) the only time.[817] | |
Mykola Platonovych Bazhan | October 9, 1904 Kamianets-Podilskyi, now Ukraine |
November 23, 1983 Kiev, now Ukraine |
1971 | Nominated by Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) the only time.[818] | |
Jawad Boulos | January 1, 1900 Zghorta, Lebanon |
1982 |
1971 | Nominated jointly with Georges Schéhadé by Camille Aboussouan (1919–2013) the only time.[819] | |
Lord Edward Christian David Gascoyne-Cecil | April 9, 1902 Hatfield House, England |
January 1, 1986 Cranborne, England |
1971 | Nominated by Leslie Poles Hartley (1895–1972) the only time.[820] | |
Tsendiin Damdinsüren | September 14, 1908 Matad, Mongolia |
May 27, 1986 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
1971 | Nominated by Walther Heissig (1913–2005) the only time.[821] | |
Paul Demiéville | September 13, 1894 Lausanne, Switzerland |
March 23, 1979 Paris, France |
1971 | Nominated by Martin Gimm (born 1930) the only time.[822] | |
Maurice-Charles-Louis-Genevoix | November 29, 1890 Decize, France |
September 8, 1980 Alicante, Spain |
1971 | Nominated by Yves Gandon (1899–1975) the only time.[823] | |
Younghill Kang | June 5, 1898 Hongwon County, Korea |
December 2, 1972 Satellite Beach, Florida, United States |
1971 | Nominated by Robert Payne (1911–1983) the only time.[824] | |
Richard Eun Kook Kim | March 13, 1932 Kankō, Korea |
June 23, 2009 Massachusetts, United States |
1971 | Nominated by Chull Paik (1908–1985) the only time.[825] | |
Arthur Koestler | September 5, 1905 Budapest, Hungary |
March 1, 1983 London, England |
1971 | Nominated by Georges Matoré (1908–1998) the only time.[826] | |
Archibald MacLeish | May 7, 1892 Glencoe, Illinois, United States |
April 20, 1982 Boston, United States |
1971 | Nominated by William Scovil Anderson (1927–2022) the only time.[827] | |
Miquel Melendres i Rué | March 11, 1902 Girona, Spain |
March 10, 1974 Tarragona, Spain |
1971 | Nominated by Antoni Griera i Gaja (1887–1973) the only time.[828] | |
Fritiof Nilsson Piraten | December 4, 1895 Vollsjö, Sweden |
January 31, 1972 Malmö, Sweden |
1971 | Nominated by Bertil Ejder (1916–2005) the only time.[829] | |
Shih Robert (Shi Jieyun)[830] | May 19, 1926 Tche-kiang, China |
May 5, 1983 | 1971 | Nominated by Étienne Lamotte (1903–1983) the only time.[831] | |
Henry William Williamson | December 1, 1895 Brockley, London, England |
August 13, 1977 Twyford Abbey, London, England |
1971 | Nominated by Petronella O'Flanagan (?) the only time.[832] | |
Philip A. Larkin | August 9, 1922 Coventry, England |
December 2, 1985 Kingston upon Hull, England |
1971, 1972 | Nominated by Jørgen Læssøe (1924–1993) each time.[833] | |
Georges Schéhadé | November 2, 1905 Alexandria, Egypt |
January 17, 1989 Paris, France |
1971, 1972 | [834] | |
Arno Schmidt | January 18, 1914 Hamburg, Germany |
June 3, 1979 Celle, Germany |
1971, 1972 | [835] | |
Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay | July 23, 1898 Labhpur, West Bengal, India |
September 14, 1971 Calcutta, West Bengal, India |
1971, 1972, 1973 | Died before the only chance to be awarded.[836] | |
Romain Gary | May 21, 1914 Vilnius, now Lithuania |
December 2, 1980 Paris, France |
1971, 1972, 1973 | Nominated by Walther Hinz (1906–1992) each time.[837] | |
Yiannis Ritsos | May 1, 1909 Monemvasia, Greece |
November 11, 1990 Athens, Greece |
1971, 1972, 1973 | [838] | |
José García Villa | August 5, 1908 Manila, Philippines |
February 7, 1997 New York City, United States |
1971, 1973 | [839] | |
1972[840] | |||||
Odysseas Elytis | November 2, 1911 Heraklion, Crete |
March 18, 1996 Athens, Greece |
1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Literature.[841] | |
Nadine Gordimer | November 20, 1923 Springs, South Africa |
July 13, 2014 Johannesburg, South Africa |
1972, 1973 | Awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature.[842] | |
Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul | August 17, 1932 Chaguanas, Caroni County, Trinidad and Tobago |
August 11, 2018 London, England |
1972, 1973 | Awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Literature.[843] | |
Doris Lessing | October 22, 1919 Kermanshah, Iran |
November 17, 2013 London, England |
1972, 1973 | Awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.[844] | |
Said Akl | July 4, 1911 Zahlé, Lebanon |
November 28, 2014 Beirut, Lebanon |
1972 | [845] | |
Austin Clarke | May 9, 1896 Stoneybatter, Dublin, Ireland |
March 19, 1974 Templeogue, Dublin, Ireland |
1972 | [846] | |
Jacob Glatstein | August 20, 1896 Lublin, Poland |
November 19, 1971 New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominatedby Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) the only time.[847] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. | |
Joseph Heller | May 1, 1923 Brooklyn, New York, United States |
December 12, 1999 East Hampton, New York, United States |
1972 | Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) the only time.[848] | |
Astrid Lindgren | November 14, 1907 Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden |
January 28, 2002 Stockholm, Sweden |
1972 | [849] | |
Stanislaus Lynch | 1907 Ballyjamesduff, Ireland |
1983 ? |
1972 | Nominated by Desmond Clarke (1907–1979) the only time.[850] | |
Pak Tu-jin | March 10, 1916 Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea |
September 16, 1998 Seoul, South Korea |
1972 | Nominated by Chull Paik (1908–1985) the only time.[851] | |
Alan Paton | January 11, 1903 Pietermaritzburg, Colony of Natal, South Africa |
April 12, 1988 Botha's Hill, South Africa |
1972 | Nominated by Astley Cooper Partridge (1901–?) the only time.[852] | |
Philip Roth | March 19, 1933 Newark, New Jersey, United States |
May 22, 2018 New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) the only time.[853] | |
Francis Stuart | April 29, 1902 Townsville, Queensland, Australia |
February 2, 2000 County Clare, Ireland |
1972 | Nominated by Desmond Clarke (1907–1979) the only time.[854] | |
Vu Hoang Chuong | May 14, 1915 Phù Ủng, Vietnam |
September 6, 1976 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
1972 | Nominated by Thanh Lãng (1924–1978) the only time.[855] | |
Aaron Zeitlin | June 3, 1898 Uvarovichi, now Belarus |
September 28, 1973 Queens, New York, United States |
1972 | Nominated by Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) the only time.[856] | |
Louis Paul Boon | March 15, 1912 Aalst, Belgium |
May 10, 1979 Erembodegem, Belgium |
1972, 1973 | [857] | |
Anthony Burgess | February 25, 1917 Harpurhey, Manchester, England |
November 22, 1993 St John's Wood, London, England |
1972, 1973 | Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) each time.[858] | |
Suniti Kumar Chatterji | November 26, 1890 Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India |
May 29, 1977 Calcutta, West Bengal, India |
1972, 1973 | [859] | |
Sri Chinmoy | August 27, 1931 Chittagong, Bengal, Bangladesh |
October 11, 2007 New York City, United States |
1972, 1973 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[860] | |
Julien Green | September 6, 1900 Paris, France |
August 13, 1998 Paris, France |
1972, 1973 | [861] | |
Ferenc Juhász | August 16, 1928 Biatorbágy, Hungary |
December 2, 2015 Budapest, Hungary |
1972, 1973 | Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) each time.[862] | |
Manbohdan Lal | — | — | 1972, 1973 | [863] | |
Norman Mailer | January 31, 1923 Long Branch, New Jersey, United States |
November 10, 2007 Manhattan, New York City, United States |
1972, 1973 | [864] | |
Bernard Malamud | April 26, 1914 Brooklyn, New York, United States |
March 18, 1986 Manhattan, New York City, United States |
1972, 1973 | [865] | |
Frederick Manfred | January 6, 1912 Doon, Iowa, United States |
September 7, 1994 Luverne, Minnesota, United States |
1972, 1973 | [866] | |
Veijo Meri | December 31, 1928 Viipuri, then Finland |
June 21, 2015 Helsinki, Finland |
1972, 1973 | [867] | |
1973[868] | |||||
Vicente Aleixandre | April 26, 1898 Seville, Spain |
December 14, 1984 Madrid, Spain |
1973 | Awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Literature.[869] | |
Isaac Bashevis Singer | November 21, 1902 Leoncin, Poland |
July 24, 1991 Surfside, Florida, United States |
1973 | Awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Literature.[870] | |
Conrad Potter Aiken | August 5, 1889 Savannah, Georgia, United States |
August 17, 1973 Savannah, Georgia, United States |
1973 | Nominated by Samuel Frederick Johnson (1918–2005) the only time.[871] Died before the only chance to be awarded. | |
Antonio Aniante | January 2, 1900 Viagrande, Italy |
6 November 1983 Sanremo, Italy |
1973 | Nominated by Vittorio Vettori (1920–2004) the only time.[872] | |
Miodrag Bulatović | February 20, 1930 Okladi, Zeta Banovina, Yugoslavia |
March 15, 1991 Igalo, Herceg Novi, Montenegro |
1973 | Nominated by Allan Philip (1927–2004) the only time.[873] | |
Chiang Yee | May 19, 1903 Chaisang, Jiujiang, China |
October 26, 1977 Beijing, China |
1973 | Nominated by Lo Hsiang-lin (1906–1978) the only time.[874] | |
Albert Cohen | August 16, 1895 Corfu, Greece |
October 17, 1981 Geneva, Switzerland |
1973 | Nominated by Joseph Kessel (1898–1979) the only time.[875] | |
Adolfo Costa du Rels | June 19, 1891 Sucre, Bolivia |
May 26, 1980 La Paz, Bolivia |
1973 | Nominated by Humberto Palza (1900–1975) the only time.[876] | |
Indira Devi Dhanrajgir | August 17, 1930 Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
— | 1973 | Nominated by Krishna Srinivas (1913–2007) the only time.[877] | |
Xu Xu | November 11, 1908 Cixi, Zhejiang, China |
October 5, 1980 Hong Kong |
1973 | Nominated by Lee Chiu-seng (?) the only time.[878] | |
Eugen Jebeleanu | April 24, 1911 Câmpina, Prahova, Romania |
August 21, 1991 Bucharest, Romania |
1973 | [879] | |
Yaşar Kemal | October 6, 1923 Gökçedam, Turkey |
February 28, 2015 Istanbul, Turkey |
1973 | [880] | |
Zenta Mauriņa | December 15, 1897 Lejasciems, Latvia |
April 25, 1978 Basel, Switzerland |
1973 | Nominated by Mārtiņš Zīverts (1903–1990) the only time.[881] | |
Henry Miller | December 26, 1891 Yorkville, New York, United States |
June 7, 1980 Los Angeles, California, United States |
1973 | Nominated by Allan Philip (1927–2004) the only time.[882] | |
John Crowe Ransom | April 30, 1888 Pulaski, Tennessee, United States |
July 3, 1974 Gambier, Ohio, United States |
1973 | Nominated by Samuel Frederick Johnson (1918–2005) the only time.[883] | |
Pratap Narayan Tandon | — | — | 1973 | Nominated by Brij Behari Nayak (?) the only time.[884] | |
Martin Wickramasinghe | May 29, 1890 Koggala, Sri Lanka |
July 23, 1976 Colombo, Sri Lanka |
1973 | Nominated by Ediriweera Sarachchandra (1914–1996) the only time.[885] | |
Paul Voivenel | September 24, 1880 Séméac, France |
June 9, 1975 Pamiers, France |
1973 | Nominated by Roland Dorgelès (1885–1973) the only time.[886] | |
1974 | |||||
to be revealed in 2025 | |||||
Argentina Díaz Lozano | 5 December 1909 Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras |
13 August 1999 Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
1974 |
Others
editDespite the rule of keeping the nominations secret for 50 years, a number of literary organizations and academies revealed publicly their favored nominees.[887] The following names, though verified and features their respective years, are yet still to be organized as they may have been nominated in earlier years.
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1975 | |||||
Jorge Carrera Andrade | 18 September 1903 Quito, Ecuador |
7 November 1978 Quito, Ecuador |
1975 | [888] | |
Kim Chi-ha | 4 February 1941 Mokpo, South Jeolla, South Korea |
8 May 2022 Wonju, Gangwon, South Korea |
1975 | [889] | |
Ba Jin | 25 November 1904 Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
17 October 2005 Shanghai, China |
1975, 2001 | [890][891] | |
1976 | |||||
Anaïs Nin | 21 February 1903 Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France |
14 January 1977 Los Angeles, California, United States |
1976 | [892] | |
1977 | |||||
Francisco Matos Paoli | 9 March 1915 Lares, Puerto Rico |
10 July 2000 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
1977 | [893] | |
1979 | |||||
Gerardo Melo Mourão | 8 January 1917 Ipueiras, Ceará, Brazil |
9 March 2007 Humaitá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1979 | [894] | |
André Brink | 19 May 1935 Vrede, Free State, South Africa |
6 February 2015 on a flight from Amsterdam, Netherlands, to South Africa |
1979, 1980, 1982 | [895] | |
Joyce Carol Oates | 16 June 1938 Lockport, New York, United States |
— | 1979, 1999 | [896] | |
1980 | |||||
Giorgio Nurigiani | 23 September 1892 Livorno, Italy |
7 May 1981 Rome, Italy |
1980 | [897] | |
1981 | |||||
Irving Layton | 12 March 1912 Târgu Neamț, Romania |
4 January 2006 Montreal, Québec, Canada |
1981 | [898] | |
Fernando Namora | 15 April 1919 Condeixa-a-Nova, Coimbra, Portugal |
31 January 1989 Lisbon, Portugal |
1981 | [899] | |
Mary Kawena Pukui | 20 April 1895 Kau, Hawaii, United States |
21 May 1986 Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |
1981 | [900] | |
Yury Trifonov | 28 August 1925 Moscow, Russia |
28 March 1981 Moscow, Russia |
1981 | [901] | |
1982 | |||||
Gabriel García Márquez | 6 March 1917 Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia |
17 April 2014 Mexico City, Mexico |
1982 | Awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Josef Škvorecký | 27 September 1924 Náchod, Hradec Králové, Czechoslovakia |
3 January 2012 Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
1982 | [902] | |
1984 | |||||
Ahmad Shamlou | 12 December 1925 Tehran, Iran |
23 July 2000 Karaj, Alborz, Iran |
1984 | [903] | |
Kamala Surayya–Das | 31 March 1934 Punnayurkulam, Kerala, India |
31 May 2009 Pune, Maharashtra, India |
1984 | [904] | |
1985 | |||||
Patrick D. Smith | 8 October 1927 D'Lo, Mississippi, United States |
26 January 2014 Merritt Island, Florida, United States |
1985 | [905] | |
Vasyl Stus | 6 January 1938 Rakhnivka, Vinnytsia oblast, Ukraine |
4 September 1985 Perm-36, Kuchino, Vologda oblast, Russia |
1985, 1986 | [906] | |
1986 | |||||
Wole Soyinka | 13 July 1934 Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria |
— | 1986 | Awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Pramoedya Ananta Toer | 6 February 1925 Blora, Central Java, Indonesia |
20 April 2006 Jakarta, Indonesia |
1986 | [907][908] | |
Albino Pierro | 19 November 1916 Tursi, Matera, Italy |
23 March 1995 Rome, Italy |
1986, 1988 | [909] | |
1987 | |||||
Joseph Brodsky | 24 May 1940 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
28 January 1996 Brooklyn Heights, New York, United States |
1987 | Awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Mohammed Aziz Lahbabi | 25 December 1922 Fez, Morocco |
23 August 1993 Rabat, Morocco |
1987 | [910] | |
1988 | |||||
Naguib Mahfouz | 11 December 1911 Cairo, Egypt |
30 August 2006 Agouza, Giza, Egypt |
1988 | Awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Shen Congwen | 28 December 1902 Fenghuang, Hunan, China |
10 May 1988 Beijing, China |
1988 | [911][912] | |
Christa Wolf | 18 March 1929 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Lubusz, Poland |
1 December 2011 Berlin, Germany |
1988 | [913] | |
Ali Ahmad Said Esber | 1 January 1930 Al-Qassabin, Latakia, Syria |
— | 1988, 2010, 2011 | [914][915] | |
1989 | |||||
Danilo Kiš | 22 February 1935 Subotica, Vojvodina, Serbia |
15 October 1989 Paris, France |
1989 | [916] | |
1990 | |||||
Octavio Paz | 31 March 1914 Mexico City, Mexico |
19 April 1998 Mexico City, Mexico |
1990 | Awarded the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Pira Sudham | 1942 Na Pho, Buriram, Thailand |
— | 1990 | [917] | |
Maria Luisa Spaziani | 7 December 1922 Turin, Italy |
30 June 2014 Rome, Italy |
1990, 1992, 1997 | ||
1991 | |||||
Patricia Highsmith | 19 January 1921 Fort Worth, Texas, United States |
4 February 1995 Locarno, Switzerland |
1991 | [918] | |
Mario Luzi | 20 October 1914 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy |
28 February 2005 Florence, Italy |
1991 | ||
Milan Rúfus | 10 December 1928 Závažná Poruba, Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia |
11 January 2009 Bratislava, Slovakia |
1991 | [919] | |
Timur Zulfikarov | 17 August 1936 Dushanbe, Tajikistan |
— | 1991, 2000, 2010 | [920][921] | |
1992 | |||||
Derek Walcott | 23 January 1930 Castries, Saint Lucia |
17 March 2017 Cap Estate, Gros Islet, Saint Lucia |
1992 | Awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Pablo Antonio Cuadra | 4 November 1912 Managua, Nicaragua |
2 January 2002 Managua, Nicaragua |
1992 | [922] | |
Matilde Alba Swann | 24 February 1912 Berisso, Argentina |
13 September 2000 La Plata, Argentina |
1992 | [923] | |
Marin Sorescu | 29 February 1936 Bulzești, Romania |
8 December 1996 Bucharest, Romania |
1992, 1996 | [924] | |
Milorad Pavić | 15 October 1929 Belgrade, Serbia |
30 November 2009 Belgrade, Serbia |
1992, 2004, 2008 | [925] | |
1993 | |||||
Toni Morrison | 18 February 1931 Lorain, Ohio, United States |
5 August 2019 New York City, New York, United States |
1993 | Awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Nader Naderpour | 6 June 1929 Tehran, Iran |
18 February 2000 Los Angeles, California, United States |
1993 | [926] | |
Arturo Uslar Pietri | 16 May 1906 Caracas, Venezuela |
26 February 2001 Caracas, Venezuela |
1993 | [927] | |
1994 | |||||
Kenzaburō Ōe | 31 January 1935 Uchiko, Ehime, Japan |
3 March 2023 Tokyo, Japan |
1994 | Awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Yehuda Amichai | 3 May 1924 Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany |
22 September 2000 Jerusalem, Israel |
1994 | [928] | |
Shūsaku Endō | 27 March 1923 Toshima, Tokyo, Japan |
29 September 1996 Tokyo, Japan |
1994 | [929] | |
1995 | |||||
Seamus Heaney | 13 April 1939 Tamniaran, Northern Ireland |
30 August 2013 Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland |
1995 | Awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
1996 | |||||
Wisława Szymborska | 2 July 1923 Kórnik, Poznań, Poland |
1 February 2012 Kraków, Poland |
1996 | Awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Bob Dylan | 24 May 1941 Duluth, Minnesota, United States |
— | 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2016 | Awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature.[930][931] | |
Inger Christensen | 16 January 1935 Vejle, Denmark |
2 January 2009 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1996 | [932] | |
Licio Gelli | 21 April 1919 Pistoia, Italy |
15 December 2015 Arezzo, Italy |
1996 | [933] | |
Ronald Stuart Thomas | 29 March 1913 Cardiff, Wales |
25 September 2000 Criccieth, Gwynedd, Wales |
1996 | [934] | |
Alda Merini | 21 March 1931 Milan, Italy |
1 November 2009 Milan, Italy |
1996, 2001 | [935] | |
1997 | |||||
Dario Fo | 24 March 1926 Sangiano, Varese, Italy |
13 October 2016 Milan, Italy |
1997 | Awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Alicia Ghiragossian | 13 July 1936 Córdoba, Argentina |
22 May 2014 Los Angeles, California, United States |
1997 | [936] | |
1998 | |||||
José Saramago | 16 November 1922 Azinhaga, Golegã, Portugal |
18 June 2010 Tías, Las Palmas, Spain |
1998 | Awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Otar Chiladze | 20 March 1933 Signagi, Georgia |
1 October 2009 Tbilisi, Georgia |
1998 | [937] | |
Nelson Estupiñán Bass | 19 September 1912 Esmeraldas, Ecuador |
3 March 2002 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States |
1998 | [888] | |
Janet Frame | 28 August 1924 Dunedin, New Zealand |
29 January 2004 Dunedin, New Zealand |
1998, 2003 | [938] | |
1999 | |||||
Enrique Laguerre | 15 July 1905 Moca, Puerto Rico |
16 June 2005 Carolina, Puerto Rico |
1999 | [939] | |
Alfonso Rumazo González | 1903 Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador |
27 June 2002 Caracas, Venezuela |
1999 | [888] | |
Simin Behbahani | 20 July 1927 Tehran, Iran |
19 August 2014 Tehran, Iran |
1999, 2002 | [940] | |
William Auld | 6 November 1924 Erith, London, England |
11 September 2006 Dollar, Clackmannanshire, Scotland |
1999, 2004, 2006 | [941] | |
2000 | |||||
Gao Xingjian | 4 January 1940 Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China |
— | 2000 | Awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Vizma Belševica | 30 May 1931 Riga, Latvia |
6 August 2005 Riga, Latvia |
2000 | [942] | |
Antonio Tabucchi | 24 September 1943 Pisa, Italy |
25 March 2012 Lisbon, Portugal |
2000 | [943] | |
2001 | |||||
Li Kuei-hsien | 19 June 1937 Taipei, Taiwan |
— | 2001, 2003, 2006 | [944] | |
Yordan Radichkov | 24 October 1929 Kalimanitza, Montana, Bulgaria |
21 January 2004 Sofia, Bulgaria |
2001 | [945] | |
2002 | |||||
Imre Kertész | 9 November 1929 Budapest, Hungary |
31 March 2016 Budapest, Hungary |
2002 | Awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Leyla Erbil | 12 January 1931 Istanbul, Türkiye |
19 July 2013 Istanbul, Türkiye |
2002 | [946] | |
Ferreira Gullar | 10 September 1930 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil |
4 December 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
2002 | [947] | |
Ko Un | 1 August 1933 Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea |
— | 2002, 2005, 2006 | [948] | |
2003 | |||||
John Maxwell Coetzee | 9 February 1940 Cape Town, South Africa |
— | 2003 | Awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Giovanna Mulas | 6 May 1969 Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy |
— | 2003 | [949] | |
Kelinu Vella Haber | 1 October 1913 Nadur, Gozo, Malta |
28 January 2014 Qala, Gozo, Malta |
2003 | [950] | |
2004 | |||||
Elfriede Jelinek | 20 October 1946 Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria |
— | 2004 | Awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Oliver Friggieri | 27 March 1947 Floriana, Malta |
21 November 2020 Valletta, Malta |
2004 | [951] | |
Friederike Mayröcker | 20 December 1924 Vienna, Austria |
4 June 2021 Vienna, Austria |
2004 | [952] | |
Gunturu Seshendra Sarma | 20 October 1927 Marripadu, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India |
30 May 2007 Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
2004 | [953] | |
Frederick Turner | 19 November 1943 Northamptonshire, England |
— | 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 | [954] | |
2005 | |||||
Harold Pinter | 10 October 1930 London, England |
24 December 2008 London, England |
2005 | Awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Ernesto Cardenal | 20 January 1925 Granada, Nicaragua |
1 March 2020 Managua, Nicaragua |
2005 | [955] | |
Cecil Rajendra | 1941 Penang, Malaysia |
— | 2005 | [956] | |
Umberto Piersanti | 26 February 1941 Urbino, Pesaro-Urbino, Italy |
— | 2005, 2024 | [957] | |
2006 | |||||
Orhan Pamuk | 7 June 1952 Istanbul, Türkiye |
— | 2006 | Awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Svetlana Alexievich | 31 May 1948 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine |
— | 2006, 2014, 2015 | Awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Ryhor Baradulin | 24 February 1935 Vierasoŭka, Ushachy, Belarus |
2 March 2014 Minsk, Belarus |
2006 | [958] | |
Vijaydan Detha | 1 September 1926 Borunda, Rajasthan, India |
10 November 2013 Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
2006, 2011 | [959] | |
2007 | |||||
Luz Pozo Garza | 21 July 1922 Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain |
20 April 2020 A Coruña, Spain |
2007 | [960] | |
2008 | |||||
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio | 13 April 1940 Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France |
— | 2008 | Awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Chinghiz Aitmatov | 12 December 1928 Sheker, Kara-Buura, Kyrgyzstan |
10 June 2008 Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany |
2008 | [961] | |
Marjorie Boulton | 7 May 1924 Teddington, Greater London, United Kingdom |
30 August 2017 London, United Kingdom |
2008 | [962][963] | |
Shlomo Kalo | 25 February 1928 Sofia, Bulgaria |
30 August 2014 Tel Aviv, Israel |
2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014 | [964] | |
2009 | |||||
Herta Müller | 17 August 1953 Nițchidorf, Romania |
— | 2009 | Awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Dương Thu Hương | 1947 Thái Bình, Vietnam |
— | 2009 | [965] | |
Georgi Vasilyevich Marchuk | 1 January 1947 Davyd-Haradok, Belarus |
23 August 2023 Minsk, Belarus |
2009 | [966] | |
Franck Étienne | 12 April 1936 Ravine-Sèche, Artibonite, Haiti |
— | 2009, 2010 | [967] | |
2010 | |||||
Mario Vargas Llosa | 28 March 1936 Arequipa, Peru |
— | 2010 | Awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Néstor Amarilla | 24 July 1980 Coronel Oviedo, Caaguazú, Paraguay |
— | 2010 | [968] | |
Adam Zagajewski | 21 June 1945 Lviv, Ukraine |
21 March 2021 Kraków, Poland |
2010 | [969] | |
Kanta Ibraguimov | 9 July 1960 Grozny, Chechnya, Russia |
— | 2010, 2012 | [970] | |
2011 | |||||
Tomas Tranströmer | 15 April 1931 Stockholm, Sweden |
26 March 2015 Stockholm, Sweden |
2011 | Awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Besik Kharanauli | 11 November 1939 Tianeti, Georgia |
— | 2011, 2015 | [971] | |
David Magradze | 28 June 1962 Tbilisi, Georgia |
— | 2011, 2018, 2019 | [972] | |
Nawal El Saadawi | 22 October 1931 Kafr Tahla, Qalyubiyya, Egypt |
21 March 2021 Cairo, Egypt |
2011, 2012, 2021 | [973][974] | |
2012 | |||||
Mo Yan | 5 March 1955 Gaomi, Shandong, China |
— | 2012 | Awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Kamal Mehdi Abdullayev | 4 December 1950 Baku, Azerbaijan |
— | 2012 | [975] | |
Mahasweta Devi | 14 January 1926 Dhaka, Bangladesh |
28 July 2016 Kolkata, West Bengal, India |
2012 | [976] | |
Maksud Ibrahimbeyov | 11 May 1935 Baku, Azerbaijan |
22 March 2016 Baku, Azerbaijan |
2012 | [977] | |
Dacia Maraini | 13 November 1936 Florence, Italy |
— | 2012 | [978] | |
Ariano Suassuna | 16 June 1927 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil |
23 July 2014 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil |
2012 | [979][980] | |
Fazil Iskander | 6 March 1929 Sukhumi, Georgia |
31 July 2016 Peredelkino, Moscow, Russia |
2012, 2013 | [981] | |
2013 | |||||
Alice Munro | 10 July 1931 Wingham, Ontario, Canada |
13 May 2024 Port Hope, Ontario, Canada |
2013 | Awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Paul Goma | 2 October 1935 Seliște, Nisporeni, Moldova |
25 March 2020 Paris, France |
2013 | [982] | |
Varujan Vosganian | 25 July 1958 Craiova, Romania |
— | 2013, 2014, 2015 | [983][984] | |
2014 | |||||
Patrick Modiano | 30 July 1945 Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France |
— | 2014 | Awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Nicolae Breban | 1 February 1934 Baia Mare, Romania |
— | 2014 | [984] | |
Vasyl Holoborodko | 7 April 1945 Adrianopil, Perevalsk, Ukraine |
— | 2014 | [985] | |
Norman Manea | 19 July 1936 Suceava, Romania |
— | 2014 | [984] | |
Boualem Sansal | 15 October 1949 Théniet El Had, Algeria |
— | 2014 | [986] | |
Mircea Cărtărescu | 1 June 1955 Bucharest, Romania |
— | 2014, 2015 | [984][987] | |
2015 | |||||
Moniz Bandeira | 30 December 1935 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |
10 November 2017 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
2015 | [988] | |
Sebastiano Vassalli | 24 October 1941 Genoa, Italy |
26 July 2015 Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy |
2015 | [989] | |
Anna Nerkagi | 15 February 1951 Yamalo-Nenets, Russia |
— | 2015, 2018, 2020 | [990][991] | |
Francesco Benozzo | 22 February 1969 Modena, Italy |
— | 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2024 | [992][993][994] | |
2016 | |||||
Lygia Fagundes Telles | 19 April 1918 São Paulo, Brazil |
3 April 2022 São Paulo, Brazil |
2016 | [995] | |
Tess Osonye Onwueme | 8 September 1955 Ogwashi Ukwu, Delta, Nigeria |
— | 2016 | [996] | |
Péter Nádas | 14 October 1942 Budapest, Hungary |
— | 2016 | [997] | |
2017 | |||||
Kazuo Ishiguro | 8 November 1954 Nagasaki, Japan |
— | 2017 | Awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Carlos Nejar | 11 January 1939 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
— | 2017 | [998] | |
Jamal Qaiser | 27 July 1972 Rawalpindi, Pakistan |
— | 2017 | [999] | |
2018 | |||||
Olga Tokarczuk | 29 January 1962 Sulechów, Zielona Góra, Poland |
— | 2018, 2019 | Awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature in 2019. | |
Peter Handke | 6 December 1942 Griffin, Völkermarkt, Carinthia, Austria |
— | 2018, 2019 | Awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Manuel Alegre | 12 May 1936 Águeda, Portugal |
— | 2018 | [1000] | |
Agustina Bessa-Luís | 15 October 1922 Amarante, Portugal |
3 June 2019 Porto, Portugal |
2018 | [1000] | |
Emanuel Medeiros Vieira | 31 March 1945 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil |
29 July 2019 Brasília, Brazil |
2018 | [1001] | |
Damdinsurengiin Urainkhai | 1940 Bulgan, Mongolia |
— | 2018 | [1002] | |
2019 | |||||
Jamal Sanad Al Suwaidi | 1959 Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
— | 2019 | [1003] | |
Leo Butnaru | 5 January 1949 Negureni, Telenești, Moldova |
— | 2019 | [1004] | |
2020 | |||||
Louise Glück | 22 April 1943 New York City, New York, United States |
13 October 2023 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States |
2020 | Awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Giovanna Giordano | 12 November 1961 Milan, Italy |
— | 2020 | [1005][1006] | |
Scholastique Mukasonga | 20 December 1956 Gikongoro, Rwanda |
— | 2020, 2021, 2022 | [1007][1008] | |
2021 | |||||
Abdulrazak Gurnah | 20 December 1948 Zanzibar, Tanzania |
— | 2021 | Awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Denny Januar Ali | 4 January 1963 Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia |
— | 2021 | [1009] | |
Indran Amirthanayagam | 1960 Colombo, Sri Lanka |
— | 2021 | [1010] | |
Drago Jančar | 13 April 1948 Maribor, Slovenia |
— | 2021 | [1011] | |
2022 | |||||
Annie Ernaux | 1 September 1940 Lillebonne, Seine-Maritime, France |
— | 2022 | Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
Deonísio da Silva | 1948 Siderópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil |
— | 2022 | [1012][1013] | |
Edwidge Danticat | 19 January 1969 Port-au-Prince, Haiti |
— | 2022 | [1014] | |
Georgi Gospodinov | 7 January 1968 Yambol, Bulgaria |
— | 2022 | [1015] | |
Fatos Kongoli | 12 January 1944 Elbasan, Albania |
— | 2022 | [1016][1017] | |
Serhiy Zhadan | 23 August 1974 Starobilsk, Luhansk oblast, Ukraine |
— | 2022 | [1018] | |
Adam Kadir | 1942 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia |
— | 2022, 2023, 2024 | [1019] | |
2023 | |||||
Jon Fosse | 29 September 1959 Haugesund, Norway |
— | 2023 | Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
2024 | |||||
Aka Morchiladze | 10 November 1966 Tbilisi, Georgia |
— | 2024 | [1020][1021] | |
Maria Tedeschi | 3 January 1972 Naples, Italy |
— | 2024 | [1022] |
See also
editMotivations
edit- ^ R. Valery-Radot: La Vie de Pasteur ("Life of Pasteur", 1900)[15]
- ^ Rostand: Cyrano de Bergerac (1897) and L'Aiglon ("Eaglet, 1900)[15]
- ^ Gersdorff: 600 bis 700 Lieder ("Songs 600-700")[15]
- ^ Le Pin: La recherche de l'idéal ("Searching of the Ideal", 1900)[15]
- ^ Ducros: Les Encyclopédistes (Encyclopedists, 1900)[15]
- ^ Estlander: Vitterhetens utveckling hos de nyare folken i medeltiden: förra perioden (Witnesses of the Newer People's Development in the Middle Ages: The Last Period", 1900)[15]
- ^ A. Sabatier: Esquisse d'une philosophie de la religion d'après la psychologie et l'histoire ("Outlines of a Philosophy of Religion based on Psychology and History", 1897)[15]
- ^ Duproix: Kant et Fichte et le problème de l´éducation ("Kant, Fichte, and the Problem of Education", 1895)[15]
- ^ Borgeaud: Histoire de l'Université de Genève. L'académie de Calvin. 1559—1798 ("The History of the Geneva University: Calvin's Academy", 1900)[15]
- ^ Renouvier: La nouvelle monadologie ("The New Monadology", 1899)[15]
- ^ Stampa: Arcanum anima [sic!]. Gedanken eines Menschenfreundes ("Mysterious Soul: Thoughts of a Philanthropist")[15]
- ^ Lourié: La philosophie de Tolstoï ("The Philosophy of Tolstoy", 1899) and La philosophie sociale dans le théâtre d'Ibsen ("The Social Philosophy of Ibsen's Theatre", 1900)[15]
- ^ Câmara: Meia-Noite ("The Midnight", 1900)[15]
- ^ Meysenbug: Memoiren einer Idealistin ("Memoirs of an Idealist", 1869–76), Stimmungsbilder ("Shades of Mood", 1879), and Der Lebensabend einer Idealistin: Nachtrag zu den "Memoiren einer Idealistin" ("The Retirement of an Idealist: Addendum to the 'Memoirs of an Idealist'", 1898)[15]
- ^ Zola: "for his works in general."[15]
- ^ Kemény: Entwurf einer internationalen Gesammt-Academie: Weltakademie ("The Draft of an Total International Academy: World Academy", 1901)[15]
- ^ Paris: La poésie du moyen âge ("The Poetry of the Middle Ages", 1885–95) Discours de réception ("Reception Speech", 1897), Penseurs et poètes ("Thinkers and Poets", 1896), Poèmes et légendes du moyen âge ("Poems and Legends of the Middle Ages", 1900), and François Villon (1901)[15]
- ^ Núñez de Arce: Gritos del combate: Poesías ("Cries of Combat: Poems", 1875), Obras dramáticas ("Dramatic Works", 1879), La selva oscura: Poema ("The Dark Forest: Poem", 1879), and Sursum Corda! ("Ascend the Heart!", 1900)[15]
- ^ Baumgartner: Geschichte der Weltliteratur ("The History of World Literature", 1897—1901)[15]
- ^ Xenopol: Les principes fondamentaux de l'histoire ("The Fundamental Principles of History", 1899)[15]
- ^ Fogazzaro: Malombra: romanzo ("Malombra: A Novel", 1881), Daniele Cortis (1885), Il mistero del poeta ("The Mystery of the Poet", 1888), and Ascensioni umane ("Human Ascensions", 1899)[15]
- ^ P. Sabatier: Vie de S. François d'Assise ("The Life of St. Francis of Assisi", 1894)[15]
- ^ Koni: Doktor Friedrich Haass. Lebensskizze eines deutschen Philantropen in Russland ("Friedrich Joseph Haass: Biography of a German Philanthropist in Russia", 1899)[15]
- ^ Fernández López: La Rota (Canto épico) ("Broken: Epic Song", 1901)[15]
- ^ Grisar: Storia di Roma ("Roman History", 1899), Analecta Romana. I ("Roman Analecta I", 1899), and Geschichte Roms und der Päpste im Mittelalter. I ("History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages", 1901)[15]
- ^ Barrière: Le nouveau Don Juan ("The New Don Juan", 1900)[15]
- ^ Falke: Mynheer der Tod ("My Lord, the Death", 1891), Tanz und Andacht ("Dance and Prayer", 1894), Zwischen zwei Nächten ("Between Two Nights", 1894), Neue Fahrt ("New Journey", 1897), and Mit dem Leben ("With Life", 1899)[15]
- ^ Robertson: Regnum Dei: Eight Lectures on the Kingdom of God in the History of Christian Thought (1901)[15]
- ^ Chamberlain: Richard Wagner (1895), Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ("The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century", 1899), Die Worte Christi ("The Word of Christ, 1901), and Immanuel Kant. Die Persönlichkeit als Einführung in das Werk ("Immanuel Kant: The Personality as an Introduction to the Work", 1905)[15]
- ^ Tolstoy: Voskreséniye ("Resurrection", 1899)[15]
- ^ Morris: The Epic of Hades (1877), The Works (1901), and Harvest Tide: A Book of Verse (1901)[15]
- ^ Zahn: Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons und der altkirchlichen Litteratur ("Research on the History of the New Testament's Canon and Early Church Literature", 1881–1908), Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons ("History of the New Testament's Canon", 1889–92), and Einleitung in das neue Testament ("Introduction to the New Testament", 1900)[15]
- ^ Wagner: Justice. Huit discours ("Justice: Eight Speeches", 1889), Sois un homme! Simples causeries sur la conduite de la vie ("Be a Man! Simple Discussions on How to Lead Life", 1889), Jeunesse ("Youth", 1895), Vie Simple ("Simple Life", 1895), L'âme des choses ("The Soul of Things", 1901), and Le long du chemin ("Along the Path", 1901)[15]
- ^ Morley: The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903)[15]
- ^ Aho: Enris ("Juniper Twigs", 1899–1900)[15]
- ^ Garborg: I Helheim ("In Helheim", 1901)[15]
- ^ Glasenapp: Biographie Richard Wagners ("Life of Richard Wagner", 1876–1911)[15]
- ^ Douglas: Life and Works of Fra Angelico (1902) and History of the Republic of Siena (1902)[15]
- ^ Sorel: L’Europe et la révolution française ("Europe and the French Revolution", 1885–1904)[15]
- ^ Gilkin: Prométhée ("Prometheus", 1897)[15]
- ^ Lerou: Hiésous ("Jesus", 1903)[15]
- ^ Chapman: Les aspirations : poésies canadiennes ("Aspirations: Canadian Poems", 1904)[15]
- ^ Macmillan Brown: Limanora, the Island of Progress (1903)[15]
- ^ Neidig: The First Wardens and Other Poems (1901)[15]
- ^ Bewer: Germanisch-religiöser Dichter ("Germanic Religious Poet")[15]
- ^ The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Leonardo Eliz (1861–1939) from the Valparaiso Secondary School was found to be ineligible.
- ^ Haushofer: Die Verbannten ("The Banned")[15]
- ^ The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Emil Milan (1859–1917) was found to be ineligible.
- ^ Booth: In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890)[15]
- ^ The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Otto Classen (1868–1939) from Köln-Lindenthal was found to be ineligible.
- ^ Widmann: Der Heilige und die Thiere ("The Saint and the Animals", 1905) and Maikäferkomödie ("May Beetle's Comedy")[15]
- ^ Lansing Raymond: The Essentials of Aesthetics (1906)[15]
- ^ Bonança: Historia da Luzitania e da Iberia ("The History of Luzitania and Iberia", 1899)[15]
- ^ a b Purportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[100][101]
- ^ Souris: Conseiller pour l'instruction publique La Canée, île de Crète ("National Education Advisers in Canée, the Island of Crete")[15]
- ^ Calcaño: Tres poetas pesimistas del siglo XIX ("Three Pessimistic Nineteenth Century Poets", 1907)[15]
- ^ Hutchinson: The Limit of Wealth (1907)[15]
- ^ D'Ovidio: Il a traité en maître de glottologie, de philologie classique et romane, de critique historique, psychologique et esthétique, de politique, d´instruction ("He was a master in comparative philology, classical and Romanesque philology, historical, psychological and aesthetic critique in politics and education")[15]
- ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
- ^ This nomination was retrieved for having arrived too late.
- ^ a b c d e f g No Nobel Prize has been awarded this year.
- ^ a b c d e f g Nobel Prize for this year was awarded a year later.
- ^ The only literary society nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
- ^ Nomination N 13 by Nathan Söderblom[15]
- ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
- ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
- ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
- ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
- ^ According to the Nobel's nomination archives, the nominator's name is Parnasse from Athens, Greece.
- ^ Purportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[488]
- ^ Purportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[512]
References
edit- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature". nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination FAQ". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 28 April 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet". svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and reports 1901–1950". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Asaid, Alan (26 September 2009). "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Leschenko, Yulia (6 October 2013). "Tolstoy, Chekhov, Akhmatova and the Nobel". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "10 great writers snubbed by the Nobel Prize". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Fleming, Donald (October 1966). "Nobel's Hits and Misses". The Atlantic. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Crittenden, Ann. "A Comedy of Errors at the Nobel Prize". American Heritage. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sully Prudhomme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frédéric Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henryk Sienkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Svensén, Bo (2001). Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901–1950. Svenska Akademien. ISBN 9789113010076. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "Nomination Archive - René Vallery-Radot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmond Rostand". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julius Gersdorff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Oscar le Pin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE - Louis Ducros". bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Ducros". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Gustaf Estlander". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Auguste Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Duproix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Borgeaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Renouvier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giacomo Stampa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ossip Lourié". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - João Da Comara". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Malwida von Meysenbug". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Zola". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferenc Kemény". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Paris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaspar Núñez de Arce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexander Baumgartner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Antonio Fogazzaro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Mommsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giosuè Carducci". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gerhart Hauptmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Yeats". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anatoly Koni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ventura Fernández López". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Weitbrecht". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hartmann Grisar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Spencer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernard Bosanquet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Barrière". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Falke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Archibald Robertson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Johan Ibsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Houston Stewart Chamberlain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Meredith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sir Lewis Morris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Zahn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Wagner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Morley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juhani Aho". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arne Garborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudyard Kipling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Maeterlinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - François Coppée". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Friedrich Glasenapp". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Langton Douglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Sorel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Iwan Gilkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Algernon Charles Swinburne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Morris Cohen Brandes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Selma Lagerlöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anatole France". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émilie Lerou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Demitrios Bernardakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jaroslav Vrchlický". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Chapman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Godfrey Sweven". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John M Brown". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Franck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Boissier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Neidig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Bewer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pedro Figueroa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Haushofer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Booth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Widmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Raymond". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angelo de Gubernatis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Borden Parker Bowne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - João Bonança". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Holger Drachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ McLaren biography on Wikipedia
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ian Maclaren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Andrés Manjón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edouardo Benot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Mark Twain misses getting the Nobel Prize". The New York Times. 20 August 1907. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "The Legacy Of Mark Twain: Why He Didn't Win A Nobel Prize". janetwhardy.com. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Souris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angel Guimerà y Jorge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Bourget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Eucken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julio Calcaño". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Hutchison". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmondo de Amicis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adolf von Harnack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Verner von Heidenstam". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Melchoir de Vogüé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Greif". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco d'Ovidio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Lavisse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador Rueda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Verhaeren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Heyse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Warneck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Benignus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Jules Émile Fouillée". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Édouard Rod". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Howells". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Bridges". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Andrew Lang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Loti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Hardy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Gjellerup". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Bernard Shaw". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert de Mun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Fröding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature nobelprize.org
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rafael Altamira y Crevea". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry James". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Harald Høffding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Peter Rosegger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst von der Recke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Schönherr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Spitteler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Bergson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pecho Slavejkov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sven Hedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean-Henry Fabre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvatore Farina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Benito Pérez Galdós". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adolf Frey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Kinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Frazer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rabindranath Tagore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Pontppidan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Grazia Deledda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Dowden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Lord Avebury". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francis Welles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Faguet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jakob Knudsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmond Picard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Antonio Serra y Morant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jan Machar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Bazin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dora Melegari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Willem Kloos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dmitry Merezhkovsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Grønbech". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Romain Rolland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Doughty". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferdinand Avenarius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erik Axel Karlfeldt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Roby Datta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Franko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Heiberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Troels Troels-Lund". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - The Pali Text Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Otokar Březina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Schück". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Per Hallström". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Vazov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Otto Ernst Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jeppe Aakjaer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Bojer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Olaf Bull". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bertel Gripenberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Knut Hamsun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alois Jirásek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Frenssen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maksim Gorky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Gunnarsson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Władysław Reymont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Galsworthy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ebenezer Howard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugo von Hofmannsthal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arno Holz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilbur Abbot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacinto Benavente". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Boutroux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Revel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan Zeromski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Wells". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigrid Undset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Darrell Figgis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg von Below". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Israel Zangwill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michael Sadleir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Matilde Serao". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Bracco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ludwig von Pastor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Inge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Ernst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Alexeievitch Bunin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Balmont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ R.Fr.Krummel Nietzsche und der deutsche Geist, Bd.1, 219 (De Gruyter, 1998)
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Türck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Einar Hjörleifsson Kvaran". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Guglielmo Ferrero". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Mann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Neuburger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Olav Duun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johannes Jensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Schembari, Giovanni | The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives". alba-valb.org. 11 December 2019.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovanni Schembari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul More". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Raynal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferenc Herczeg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Maria Holzapfel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Bennett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pyotr Krasnov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sofia Casanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vicente Huidobro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Avetis Aharonian". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edvard Westernack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ada Negri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Zorilla de San Martín". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Kraus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Bonne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Henry Rosny Aîné". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Josip Kosor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kostis Palamas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johannes Jørgensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Concha Espina de la Serna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Claudel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cesare Pascarella". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eduard Meyer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Scott". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Wharton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Édouard Estaunié". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erwin Kolbenheyer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Armando Palacio Valdés". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Däubler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frederik van Eeden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alf Larsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Grozev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Driesch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Bartsch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rufino Blanco-Fombona". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Felix Timmermans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cale Young Rice". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Knud Rasmussen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan George". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edwin Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Benedetto Croce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thornton Wilder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sinclair Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frans Eemil Sillanpää". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manfred Kyber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arvid Järnefelt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yrjö Hirn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodore Dreiser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edgar Lee Masters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathanael Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anton Wildgans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Valéry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lion Feuchtwanger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Kassner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Kessner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Hesse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francis Jammes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ole Rølvaag". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erich Maria Remarque". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Sjmeljov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón Pérez de Ayala". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Andersen Nexø". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón Menéndez Pidal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michael Blümelhuber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco Orestano". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Axel Munthe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Percival Elgood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Grigol Robakidze". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karel Capek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Ekelund". NbelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manuel Gálvez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Upton Beall Sinclair". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique Neto". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Beerbohm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Chajim Bialik". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Roguin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Bédier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Stehr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - António Correia de Oliveira". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos María Ocantos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José Ortega y Gasset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sarvelli Radhakrishnan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luigi Pirandello". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugene O'Neill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Roger Martin du Gard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francisco García Calderón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ventura García Calderón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ole Hallesby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ewald Sundberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Holm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Karl Ginzkey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tadeusz Zielinski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jarl Hemmer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Schlumberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Cousins". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sven Lönborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Mâle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gudmundur Kamban". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gilbert Keith Chesterton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dezsö Szabó". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Víctor Manuel Rendón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edvarts Virza". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Saul Tchernichovsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - ÉJohn Masefield". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Romains". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Asis Domet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hari Mohan Banerjee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigmund Freud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Edward Evershed". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ludwig Klages". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Fallada". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arvid Mörne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Duhamel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Magre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Pajot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Schering". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Verwey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive -William Pickard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Valdemar Rördam". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bensadhar Majumdar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Béhaine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Falkberget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stijn Streuvels". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Giono". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Racey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mohammad Khan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur van Schendel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Veikko Koskeinniemi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sanjib Chaudhuri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mark Aldanov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herman Teirlinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aldous Huxley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Flávio de Carvalho". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Egidio Poblete Escudero". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry Richadson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Samuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh Walpole". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Huizinga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Baie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hu Shih". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Dabrowska". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfonso Strafile". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gösta Carlberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Bailley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmund Blunden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Sandburg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lin Yutang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manoell Wanderley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Branislav Petronievic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigfrid Siwertz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Teixeira de Pascoaes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nikolaj Berdyayev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Morgan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique Larreta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Carossa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Steinbeck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sri Aurobindo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Werfel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Hellens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Abol-Gassem E'tessam Zadeh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luís Nueda y Santiago". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnulf Øverland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Eliot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Theotokas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Morgan Forster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - E Forster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Gide". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - François Mauriac". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sir Winston Leonard Churchill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Boris Pasternak". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Grierson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Schalom Asch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angelos Sikelianos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ignazio Silone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tarjei Vesaas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pär Lagerkvist". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Hemingway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikhail Sholokhov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michail Solochov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Joseph Agnon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernard O'Dowd". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Horace Kallen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Grigorios Xenopoulos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Toyohiko Kagawa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Drosinis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nikos Kazantzakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Malraux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Halldór Kiljan Laxness". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sidonie Gabrielle Collette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dorothy Fisher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Santayana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zalman Schneur". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salman Schneour". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Macauley Trevelyan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Riccardo Bacchelli". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Camus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacinto Grau Delgado". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Reinaldo Temprano Azcona". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Leonid Leonov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique González Martínez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfonso Reyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sean O'Casey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Taha Hussein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alberto Moravia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Faulkner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bertrand Russell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Moreton Drax Plunkett Dunsany". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Leopold Staff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Raddall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Steffen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Dewey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Broch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Júlio Dantas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Noyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jakobus Bloem". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Toynbee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Jaspers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karen Blixen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Frost". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Buber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Simon Vestdijk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mika Waltari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Graves". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Graham Greene". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ezequiel Martinez Estrada". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sotiris Skipis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Katherine Susannah Prichard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Romulo Gallegos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José-Maria Ferreira de Castro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferreira de Castro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Ramón Jiménez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Dover Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Plisnier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Vialar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Artus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Van Wyck Brooks". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Charlie Chaplin Sails for England – Visa Revoked". Today in Civil History Liberties. 17 September 1952. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Walter de la Mare". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julien Benda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Werner Bergengruen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Werner Bergengruen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador de Madariaga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gottfried Benn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Mell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alberto Hidalgo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jaroslav Seifert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ricardo Rojas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Vanzype". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Vouyouklatis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Jung". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Saint-John Perse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Seferis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugenio Montale". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Igor Gouzenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Suits". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Reinhold Schneider". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst Curtius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos Vaz Ferreira". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Bryant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovanni Papini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Jorge A. Zapata Z.: "Fernando González Ochoa". Monografías.com. Retrieved on May 9, 2008.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adrianus Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adrianus Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Somerset Maugham". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Leslie Poles Hartley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Bosco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giuseppe Ungaretti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ezra Pound". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pablo Neruda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marthe Bibesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bert Brecht". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco Chiesa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Melpo Axioti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elizabeth Goudge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Supervielle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gonzague de Reynold". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Armand Godoy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vasco Pratolini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Christopher Fry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Guitton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Pagnol". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry de Motherlant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gabriel Marcel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Luis Borges". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean-Paul Sartre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Beckett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lennox Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Valery Larbaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Knuth Becker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jan Parandowski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frak Thiess". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlo Levi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mircea Eliade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Chamson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Väinö Linna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvatore Quasimodo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivo Andrić". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elio Vittorini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Gould Cozzens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Richard Hersey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Fernand Baldensperger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elizabeth Bowen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Cowper Powys". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Alexander Schröder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Alexander Schroeder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Bowra". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Junichiro Tanizaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lionel Trilling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Penn Warren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Janzaburo Nihiwaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Junzaburo Nishiwaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Simenon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tennessee Williams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miroslav Krleža". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Claes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sochi Raut Roy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Osbert Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sacheverell Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Mauron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mario Roques". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Heidegger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan Andres". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Heimito von Doderer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Raquel Adler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Torga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Zweig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Egon Holthusen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Étienne Gilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Aragon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Seghers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frank Raymond Leavis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Frisch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julien Gracq". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Heinrich Böll". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wesley LaViolette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Heinrich Wagger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aquilino Ribeiro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Lehmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Noël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Price-Mars". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Thurber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Theodor Csokor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stratis Myrivilis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elias Venezis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aksel Sandemose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Boynton Priestley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Char". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yasunari Kawabata". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michel de Ghelderode". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cora Sandel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Bachelard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giulia Scappino Murena". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur David Waley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Anouilh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Jean Jouve". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Ronald Reuel Tolkien". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmund Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lawrence Durrell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wystan Hugh Auden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Simone de Beauvoir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedrich Dürrenmatt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Wikipedia article on Johnson
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eyvind Johnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Boris Zaytsev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Schwarz-Bart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Erich Nossack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manfred Hausmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ronald Syme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pietro Ubaldi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Josep Carner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Roman Osipovich Jakobson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Guillén". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Heinesen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erich Kästner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Moberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Zuckmayer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nelly Sachs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ingeborg Bachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Emilio Cecchi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Cocteau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ingemar Düring". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Étiemble". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jevgenij Aleksandrovic Jevtusenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Pfeiffer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kate Roberts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Breton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón José Sender". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Guéhenno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Löwith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles de Gaulle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yukio Mishima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Thibon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erico Verissimo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Jouhandeau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Queffélec". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michel Butor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vladimir Nabokov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Léopold Sédar Senghor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Ángel Asturias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Harry Martinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Camilo José Cela". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jérôme Carcopino". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Perret". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Pirenne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ina Seidel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Emmanuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hossein Ghods-Nakhai". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Judith Wright". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Ekelöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh MacDiarmid". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Katherine Anne Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Celan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Ionesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Thomas Farrell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Lowell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Michaux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José Maria Peman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1965" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Wisengrund Adorno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alceu Amoroso Lima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tudor Arghezi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gilbert Cesbron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Open University - Sudhindra Nath Ghose". open.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sudhin Ghose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gopal Singh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovannino Guareschi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre-Jakez Helias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Röpke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alan Sillitoe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Erik Soya". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Troyat". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marguerite Yourcenar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Akhmatova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Luise Kaschnitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Paustovkij". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Enciklopaedia Iranica - Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alejo Carpentier y Valmont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zainol-Abedin Rahnema". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gyula Illyés". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1966" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Günter Grass". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Collett Borgen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlo Emilio Gadda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thierry Maulnier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Muller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Walter Pabst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexandre Arnoux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre-Henri Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Witold Marian Gombrowicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Wesker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1967" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Saul Bellow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Claude Eugène Henri Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arturo Capdevila". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Magnus Enzensberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Genet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lawrence Sargent Hall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedrich Georg Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Basij Khalkhali". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Lukács". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Pézard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pavlo Tychyna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lina Kostenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Drach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos Drummond de Andrade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Emil Boyson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Germán Pardo García". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Amado". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rabbe Arnfinn Enckell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1968" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Patrick White". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mildred Breedlove". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Fedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zbigniew Herbert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Segismundo Masel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marianne Craig Moore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Peter Vansittart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kazimierz Wierzyński". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Delteil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Claude Lévi-Strauss". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Agustí Bartra". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedebert Tuglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedebert Tuglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angus Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luis Buñuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sławomir Mrożek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vladimír Holan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Lucien Martin-Saint-René". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tadeusz Rózewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1969" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elias Canetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Cassou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Dumézil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Guilloux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yasushi Inoue". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernhard Karlgren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Pinget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anthony Powell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Raymond Queneau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Rateau-Landeville". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Roud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathalie Sarraute". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ton Smerdel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ho Huu Tuong". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jerzy Andrzejewski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Krolow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Maritain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alain Robbe-Grillet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Franklin Albee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aimé Césaire". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tawfik El-Hakim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tawfik El-Hakim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Siegfried Lenz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh L MacLennan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - László Mécs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Miller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Ruin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hannu Sulo Salama". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zaharia Stancu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gerard Walschap". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1970" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugen Barbu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugo Samuel Bergmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Heðin Brú". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Ganzo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Dorra-Haddad". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sei Itō". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tatsuzō Ishikawa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kwang-Soo Lee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexander Lernet-Holenia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Victoria Ocampo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Emilo Oribe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luis Valeri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frank Waters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Saunders Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Harold Macmillan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikha´il Nu´ayma". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pandelis Prevelakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Denis de Rougemont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Abraham Sutzkever". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador Espriu i Castelló". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paavo Juhani Haavikko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Evaristo Ribera Chevremont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sándor Weöres". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Amado Magcalas Yuzon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1971" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wılliam Gerald Golding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elie Wiesel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José María Arguedas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Arthur Baldwin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikola Bazhan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jawad Boulos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lord David Cecil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tsendiin Damdinsüren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Demiéville". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Genevoix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Younghill Kang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Richard Eun Kook Kim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Koestler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Archibald MacLeish". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Melendres de Tarragone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Fritiof Nilsson Piraten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Buddhist Studies review. I, no. 1, p.50 (1983-4)
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Shih". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry William Williamson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Philip Arthur Larkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Schehadé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arno Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Romain Gary". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yannis Ritsos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José García Villa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1972" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Odysseas Elytis". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
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