| Submission declined on 31 July 2024 by SafariScribe (talk). This submission reads more like an essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or original research. Please write about the topic from a neutral point of view in an encyclopedic manner.
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Comment: I have no issue accepting this draft but there seems to be an original research or let me say an argument in the draft, which presents it like an essay. Safari ScribeEdits! Talk! 22:04, 31 July 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: I found one book about the railway at the Library of Congress and added that as a reference at the bottom of the article. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 07:04, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: Very possibly notable although it is a rabbit hole of trying to find references. Names are common with others during that time and also known under a different name briefly. Are you able to access any archive databases such as Newspapers.com? If so, please provide a few sources that talk directly about the subject. This would help reviewers determine notability. CNMall41 (talk) 18:56, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
The Northern Indiana Railway was a South Bend, Indiana-based company which operated interurban and streetcar lines. At its peak it had interurban lines radiating out from South Bend to Michigan City and Goshen, Indiana, and through its Southern Michigan Railway affiliate to St. Joseph, Michigan, plus streetcar lines in several cities. In St. Joseph trains of the NI met steamship lines from Chicago.[1]
The NI originated in 1885[2] as the South Bend Railway Company. Going through restarts, reorganizations, affiliated companies, and name changes, it became the Chicago South Bend & Northern Indiana Railway Company (CSB&NI) in 1907. A 1930 reorganization resulted in the successor Northern Indiana Railway, Inc.[3]
The Northern Indiana competed with its better known rival, the Chicago Lake Shore & South Bend (later, the Chicago South Shore and South Bend or South Shore Line) between South Bend and Michigan City with the two interurban lines running parallel to each other for a number of miles west of South Bend before the NI took a more southerly direction to pass through La Porte. At one point Samuel Insull, who would later go on to acquire the CLS&SB through his Midland Utilities holding company, sent Britton Budd and his son Samuel Insull Jr. to survey the CSB&NI as a possible company to acquire. Budd reported back that the "'situation was hopeless' since the line [NI] began nowhere and ended nowhere.' The South Shore Line represented a better future investment with its greater potential for development of passenger and freight traffic.[4]
An area of cooperation was transporting large numbers of football fans from special South Shore Line trains that originated in Chicago and terminated in downtown South Bend onto streetcars of the Northern Indiana on La Salle Avenue which both electric lines shared. From there NI streetcars took them to the campus of the University of Notre Dame and a short walk to Notre Dame Stadium. The trip was reversed after games ended.[5]
Unlike the South Shore Line, the Northern Indiana failed to develop significant carload freight business. Its main carload freight customer was a South Bend water works plant on the city's north side where it delivered coal from a connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad Vandalia Line on the south side of South Bend.[6]
In 1934 the Northern Indiana abandoned its interurban lines to focus on its core streetcar operations in South Bend and the neighboring city of Mishawaka, IN. The ending of interurban service to Goshen on the east broke the link between Chicago area interurbans and those of the rest of Indiana and into Ohio via the NI connection with the Winona Interuban Railway.[7]
In June of 1940 the Northern Indiana discontinued its last five streetcar operations and converted to buses.[8] That move would be regretted when the US entered World War II at the end of 1941 and the greater capacity of the streetcars over buses would have been helpful in moving workers to and from plants like Studebaker that had converted to wartime production.[9]
Little is left today of the Northern Indiana Railway. A few remains include the current South Shore Line/NICTD alignment along Westmoor Street which uses the former Northern Indiana interurban line from Michigan City alignment and a portion of the fill over St. Mary's Creek on the St. Mary's College campus which was part of the Northern Indiana interurban line to St. Joseph, MI.[10]
For pictures of the Northern Indiana Railway see the website of the late Tom Kepshire which was preserved.[11]
References
edit- ^ Bradley, George. Northern Indiana Railway Inc., 1998, Central Electric Railfans Association
- ^ Indiana; Indiana. General Assembly (1882). Documentary Journal of the General Assembly of the State Indiana. State Printer. p. 140. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ Electric Railways of Indiana-Bulletin 104, 1960, Central Electric Railfans Association
- ^ 'Middleton, William. South Shore: The Last Interurban, Page 34, Indiana University Press, Second Edition, 1999.'
- ^ Bradley, George. Northern Indiana Railway Inc., 1998, Central Electric Railfans Association
- ^ Bradley, George. Northern Indiana Railway Inc., 1998, Central Electric Railfans Association
- ^ Hilton, George W; Due, John F. (1960). The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804705530. LCCN 60005383. OCLC 237973.
- ^ Bradley, George. Northern Indiana Railway Inc., 1998, Central Electric Railfans Association
- ^ Young, Jan, Studebaker and the Railroads Volume 2. 2009, Lulu Publishing
- ^ "Northern Indiana Railroad". monon.org.
- ^ "Tom Kepshire Northern Indiana Railway Photo Gallery". monon.org.
- Bradley, George K. (1953). The Northern Indiana Railways. Electric Railway Historical Society. Bulletin no. 6. Chicago: Electric Railway Historical Society. pp. 51 (incl. cover) illus., maps. 18 cm. LCCN 55037226. OCLC 8954841.