The IAI EL/W-2090 is an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) radar system developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Elta Electronics Industries of Israel. Its primary objective is to provide intelligence to maintain air superiority and conduct surveillance. The system is currently in-service with the Indian Air Force.[1]
It is a development of the EL/M-2075 system, described by the Federation of American Scientists as the most advanced AEW&C system in the world in a 1999 article.[2]
Design and features
editThe EL/W-2090 is a further development of EL/M-2075 and EL/W-2085.
The EL/W-2090 uses the active electronically scanned array (AESA), an active phased array radar. This radar consists of an array transmit/receive (T/R) modules that allow a beam to be electronically steered, making a physically rotating radome unnecessary. AESA radars operate on a pseudorandom set of frequencies and also have very short scanning rates, which makes them difficult to detect and jam.
Sales
editSale to India
editIn March 2004, as a part of a tri-partite deal among Israel, India, and Russia, Israel and India signed a US$1.1 billion deal according to which IAI would deliver the Indian Air Force three AEW&C radar systems, each of which was worth approximately $350 million.[3][4] India signed a deal with Ilyushin of Russia for the supply of three Il-76 A-50 heavy airlifters, which were to be used as platforms for these radar systems, for an additional US $500 million. The first aircraft was delivered to India on 25 May 2009, landing at Jamnagar AFS in Gujarat, completing its 8 hour long journey from Israel.[5]
In November, 2016, India signed another deal to purchase two more AEW&C radar systems to purchase two additional systems for $1-1.4 billion, with scheduled within the next 3 years.[6][7] As of end 2023, India has three EL/W-2090 systems in service.[8][9]
Cancelled sale to China
editIn 1994, Israel entered into talks with China regarding the sale of the Phalcon radar system, initially for four units but with an understanding that as many as eight would be procured.[10] An agreement between China and Israel was signed in July 1996. Russia entered the program in March 1997; the first Il-76 slated for modifications landed in Israel in October 1999.[10] Although the US government was aware of the sale, it remained silent until October 1999, when it publicly opposed the sale of the EL/W-2090 to China. Fearing that the system would alter the military balance in the Taiwan Strait, American officials threatened to withhold aid to Israel in April 2000 if the deal proceeded.[10][11]
On 12 July 2000, Prime Minister Ehud Barak announced that Israel would scrap the deal.[11] However, it was not until July 2000 when a formal letter was sent to the Chinese government; the Israeli government hoped that the newly elected Bush administration would endorse the Phalcon deal.[10] In March 2002, Israel concluded a $350-million compensation package to China, more than the $160-million advance payment China had already made.[10] Subsequently, the original Chinese KJ-2000 AEW&C entered service in 2004.
Operators
edit- Israel - In service with the Israeli air force nicknamed "Nachshon-Eitam"
India
References
edit- ^ "ELW-2090 Airborne Early Warning & Control Aircraft". www.iai.co.il. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "IAI Phalcon 707". Federation of American Scientists.
- ^ "Israel and India seal radar deal". BBC News. March 5, 2004. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ Singh, Pulkit (1 October 2003). "India and Israel to ink Phalcon deal". Journal of Electronic Defense. Association of Old Crows. ISSN 0192-429X.
- ^ "First AWACS aircraft lands at Jamnagar air base in Gujarat". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 May 2009.
- ^ "India signs $1.4bn contracts with Israel". November 23, 2016.
- ^ "Ladakh face-off: India to order 2 more Israeli 'eyes in sky' for $1 billion". The Times of India. 2020-08-27. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "IAF planning to lease airborne early warning aircraft to plug capability gaps". India Today. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "World Air Forces 2024". 2024-01-01.
- ^ a b c d e Kumaraswamy, P.R. (June 2005). "Israel-China relations and the Phalcon controversy". Middle East Policy. 13 (2). Wiley-Blackwell. ISSN 1475-4967.
- ^ a b Boese, Wade (September 2000). "Israel Halts Chinese Phalcon Deal". Arms Control Today. 30 (7). Arms Control Association: 28. JSTOR 23626425.
- ^ World Air Forces 2021 (pdf) (Report). FlightGlobal. 2021. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ "IAF planning to lease airborne early warning aircraft to plug capability gaps". India Today. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "Ladakh face-off: India to order 2 more Israeli 'eyes in sky' for $1 billion". The Times of India. 2020-08-27. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ Sharma, Ritu (21 July 2023). "Eye In The Sky! IAF Scrambles To Plug Gaping Holes In ISR With More AWACS; Will DRDO Deliver On Time?". EurAsian Times. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ "World Air Forces 2024". 2024-01-01.
External links
edit- Official website
- "EL/W-2090 official brochure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2022.