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East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) or Farther Pomeranian (Hinterpommersch) is an East Low German dialect moribund in Europe, which used to be spoken in the region of Farther Pomerania when it was part of the German Province of Pomerania, until World War II, and today is part of Poland. Currently, the language survives mainly in Brazil, where it is spoken by descendants of German immigrants of the 19th century and where it was given its own script by the linguist Ismael Tressmann. It has co-official status in 11 Brazilian municipalities and has been recognized as a historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. East Pomeranian is also spoken in central Wisconsin and parts of Iowa, in the United States.
| East Pomeranian | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Diaspora of German expellees in the Americas; formerly: Province of Pomerania |
Native speakers | Native: ≅ 300.000 |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Brazil (11 municipalities) |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | nds for Low German |
| ISO 639-3 | nds for Low German |
| Glottolog | east2293 |
Nowadays, spoken East Pomeranian in Brazil has mostly been influenced by Portuguese language and Hunsrik, a German dialect derived from the Hunsrückisch native to Brazil. It excludes the dialect spoken in the United States, known as Wisconsin Pomeranian, which was influenced by the English language.
The varieties of East Pomeranian are: Westhinterpommersch, Osthinterpommersch, Bublitzisch around Bobolice and Pommerellisch;[citation needed] Further the east, German dialects transitioned to Low Prussian-East Pomeranian and Vistula Delta German spoken in and around Danzig/Gdansk.[1][better source needed]
Brazilian Municipalities that have co-official East Pomeranian dialect
edit
Espírito Santo
edit- Afonso Cláudio (in the district of Mata Fria)[2]
- Domingos Martins[3][4][5]
- Itarana[6][7]
- Laranja da Terra[4][5]
- Pancas[4][8][9]
- Santa Maria de Jetibá[4][10]
- Vila Pavão[4][11]
Minas Gerais
edit- Itueta (only in the district of Vila Neitzel)[12][13][14]
Santa Catarina
editRio Grande do Sul
edit- Canguçu[17]
- São Lourenço do Sul (under approval)[18]
Rondônia
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ "German Language Reclassification | Free Media Productions - Editorials". www.freemediaproductions.info. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ Lei 2.069 de 2013, Câmara Municipal de Afonso Cláudio
- ^ A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e O povo pomerano no ES Archived December 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "A co-oficialização da língua pomerana" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
- ^ Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana
- ^ «Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES». itarana.es.gov.br
- ^ Pomerano!?, acessado em August 21, de 2011
- ^ No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde Archived March 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em August 21, de 2011
- ^ Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Vila Pavão, Uma Pomerânia no norte do Espirito Santo, acessado em August 21, de 2011
- ^ "Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
- ^ Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público Archived November 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, acessado em Novembre 2, de 2011
- ^ Lei Nº 2.907, de 23 de maio de 2017 - Dispõe sobre a co-oficialização da língua pomerana à língua portuguesa no município de Pomerode.
- ^ Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. Archived May 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Bancada PP comenta cooficialização pomerana em Canguçu". Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
- ^ Quadro do processo de cooficialização de línguas por municípios, IPOL
- ^ LEI Nº 2.644, DE 11 DE ABRIL 2023, dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no âmbito do município de Espigão do Oeste - Roraima
