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List of federally recognized tribes by state

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This list is ordered by state. For a list ordered by alphabetically, see List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States

Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government.[1] For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities. As of January 8, 2024, 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.[2][3] Of these, 227 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California.

Map of states with US federally recognized tribes marked in yellow. States with no federally recognized tribes are marked in gray.

Description

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In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...."[1] The constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 [1913]) warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).[4] Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in consultation with federally recognized tribes.

In January 2015, the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 566 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.[5] The number of tribes increased to 567 in July 2015 with the federal recognition of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia.[6] USA.gov, the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list of tribal governments which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.

In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574.[7] Of these, 231 are located in Alaska.

Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes today forcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century,[8] mainly to the west and especially to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.[9]

Alabama

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Alaska

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Main article: List of Alaska Native tribal entities

Arizona

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Multiple states:

Arkansas

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No federally recognized tribes

California

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Multiple states:

Colorado

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Multiple states:

Connecticut

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Delaware

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No federally recognized tribes

Florida

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Georgia

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No federally recognized tribes

Hawaii

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Further information: United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians

No federally recognized tribes

Idaho

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Multiple states:

Illinois

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Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation[12]
[13]

Indiana

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Multiple states:

Iowa

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Kansas

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Multiple states:

Kentucky

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No federally recognized tribes

Louisiana

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Maine

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Maryland

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No federally recognized tribes

Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Multiple states:

Minnesota

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Multiple states:

Mississippi

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Multiple states:

Missouri

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No federally recognized tribes

Montana

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Multiple states:

Nebraska

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Multiple states:

Nevada

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Multiple states:

New Hampshire

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No federally recognized tribes

New Jersey

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No federally recognized tribes

New Mexico

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Multiple states:

New York

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North Carolina

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North Dakota

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Multiple states:

Ohio

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No federally recognized tribes

Oklahoma

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Oregon

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Multiple states:

Pennsylvania

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No federally recognized tribes

Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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South Dakota

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Multiple states:

Tennessee

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Multiple states:

Texas

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Further information: Native American tribes in Texas

Utah

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Multiple states:

Vermont

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No federally recognized tribes

Virginia

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Washington

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West Virginia

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No federally recognized tribes

Wisconsin

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Flags of Wisconsin tribes in the state capitol

Multiple states:

Wyoming

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See also

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Native Americans in the United States

Indigenous peoples in Canada

References

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  1. ^ a b "Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States". Frequently Asked Questions. Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  2. ^ Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. (January 8, 2024). "Notice Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 89 (944): 944–48. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  3. ^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Sheffield (1998) p. 56
  5. ^ Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015
  6. ^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Hilleary, Cecily (January 31, 2018). "US Recognizes 6 Virginia Native American Tribes". Voice of America. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
  8. ^ "American Indian Removal". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Shawnee Nation Case Study". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Resighini Rancheria Becomes Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People, Honoring Ancestral Lands and Cultural Heritage". Native News Online. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  11. ^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 87 (FR 2112): 2112–16. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  12. ^ https://news.wttw.com/2024/04/19/illinois-now-home-federally-recognized-tribal-land-after-prairie-band-potawatomi-nation [bare URL]
  13. ^ https://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/prairie-band-potawatomi-becomes-1st-federally-recognized-tribe-in-illinois/
  14. ^ McLaughlin, Kathleen (21 Dec 2019). "A big moment finally comes for the Little Shell: Federal recognition of their tribe". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  15. ^ "State of the Tribe Fiscal Year 2021" (PDF). Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  16. ^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". 28 January 2022.
  17. ^ Federal Registrar, July 23, 2018: p. 34865
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