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Futuh al-Haramayn

Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) is considered the first Islamic guidebook for pilgrimage.[1] It was written by Muhi al-Din Lari and completed in India in 1505–6. The book was dedicated to Muzaffar ibn Mahmudshah, the ruler of Gujarat. No early illustrated Indian copies are known, but later in the 16th century it was widely copied in Ottoman Turkey. The book describes the full rituals of the Hajj in order, and describes the religious sites one can visit.[2][3]

Illustration from a 1582 manuscript of Futuh al-Haramayn showing the Kaaba within the Masjid al-Haram. Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

Manuscripts

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More than twenty manuscripts of the Futuh are known to exist.[4]

Institution Inventory number Origin Date Size Notes
Chester Beatty Library Per 192 Iran 1525-1550 [5]
National Museum, New Delhi 55.73/1357 Gujarat 1548 [6]
Topkapı Saray Museum R. 916 circa 1550 [4]
Topkapı Saray Museum R. 917 Turkey circa 1550 [4]
Metropolitan Museum of Art 32.131 Turkey mid 16th century [7]
Metropolitan Museum of Art 2009.343 Bukhara 16th century [8]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 1038 Mecca 1582 42 folios [9]
Chester Beatty Library Per 245 Mecca 1595 [10]
Chester Beatty Library Per 249 Mecca late 16th century
Royal Ontario Museum 967.270 Mecca early 17th century [11]
Bibliothèque nationale de France Persan 237 Mecca undated, attributed to early 17th century [12]
British Library Or 343 Iran 17th century 41 folios [13]
Metropolitan Museum of Art 2008.251 India 1678 [14]
Bibliothèque nationale de France SP 1340 18th century 20 folios [15]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 1274 India 18th – early 19th century 40 folios [16]
Leiden University Library Or. 14.620 undated 45 folios [17]


References

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  1. ^ "Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities)". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities)". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  3. ^ Rogers, J. M. (2010). J.M. Rogers, The Arts of Islam. Masterpieces from the Khalili Collection, cat.285. London. pp. 250–51. ISBN 978-0500515549.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b c Milstein, Rachel (17 June 2013). "Futuh-i Haramayn: Sixteenth-century illustrations of the Hajj route". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-136-57917-2.
  5. ^ Revelations of the two Holy Sanctuaries (Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn), by Muḥyī al-dīn 'Abd al-Raḥmān al-Lārī (d. 1527). Chester Beatty Library.
  6. ^ "Futuh al-Haramayn". Google Arts&Culture.
  7. ^ "Futuh al-Haramain (Description of the Holy Cities)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  8. ^ "Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Islamic Art | Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) of Muhyi Lari". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  10. ^ "Arafat". Google Arts&Culture.
  11. ^ "A Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina (Futuh al-Haramayn)". collections.rom.on.ca. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  12. ^ "France, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des manuscrits, Persan 237 | Biblissima". portail.biblissima.fr. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  13. ^ "A guide book for pilgrims, including a 17th-century depiction of the Holy Shrine of Mecca". British Library. Archived from the original on 21 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  14. ^ "Muhi al-Din Lari | Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  15. ^ "Supplément Persan 1340". archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  16. ^ "Hajj and The Arts of Pilgrimage | Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) of Muhyi al-Din Lari". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  17. ^ Witkam, Jan Just (2007). Inventory of the Oriental Manuscripts of the Library of the University of Leiden (PDF). Vol. 15. Ter Lugt Press. p. 277. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
 
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