The Biratnagar Jute Mill Strike (Majdur Hartal) of March 1947 was a labor strike in Biratnagar, Nepal, by workers and laborers of Biratnagar Jute Mill, Ltd. The strike was initially part of a dispute between mill workers and management regarding labor rights, but gradually the strike grew into a nationwide anti-regime movement.
Background
editAccording to the mill workers, there were no labor rights in the mill, and the owners disregarded the workers' input. The living conditions of workers were also very poor, with no running water in the quarters. It also was clear that a handful of people were suppressing the workers in the mill.[1]
Strike
editThe demonstration started on March 4, 1947[2] under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala, along with Tarini Prasad Koirala, Man Mohan Adhikari, and Yuvaraj Adhikari, as employees in the mill.[3] The strike was launched with initial demands purely based on labor rights, but later the workers also demanded political trade union rights. The Nepali Congress supported the strike at Biratnagar.[4] On March 9, Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala[5] joined the strike with his supporters and the strike grew in number. The Rana dynasty regime sent state troops to Biratnagar to put down the strike.[6] The strike ended when the troops reached Biratnagar after they arrested the leaders. Some of these leaders escaped capture by fleeing to India. Six National Congress leaders (Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Girija Prasad Koirala, Tarini Prasad Koirala, Gehendrahari Sharma, Manmohan Adhikari and Yubaraj Adhikari) were walked to Kathmandu as prisoners. The Nepali Congress held a conference in Jogbani, India and resolved to initiate a nationwide Satyagraha, or civil disobedience movement.[7] Thus, the countrywide anti-Rana demonstration started.
Aftermath
edit
On April 13 the anti-Rana movement began as scheduled with thousands of Nepalis courting arrest in Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Janakpur, and Birgunj. They demanded release of all political prisoners, as well as the institutionalization of civil rights. The turnout in Kathmandu unnerved the Rana regime. In Kathmandu, tens of thousands of commoners gathered in the street and protested in an anti-Rana procession. On May 16, after weeks of protest, Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, the prime minister of Nepal, gave a speech in which he announced his desire to bring more non-Rana commoners into the government.
Releasing of detainees
editAfter his speech, Padma Shamsher ordered the release of most of the detained protestors. However, Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala and his associates from Biratnagar still remained in detention. Many Indian politicians requested their release. Finally. in August 1947 they were released at the request of Mahatma Gandhi.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Self Portraits (In nepali), p. 53.
- ^ Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. p. 62. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC.
- ^ Mahendra Man Singh (3 September 2013). Forever Incomplete: The Story of Nepal. SAGE Publications. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-81-321-1658-5.
- ^ Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. p. 61. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC.
- ^ Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. p. 62. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC.
- ^ Adrian Sever (1993). Nepal Under the Ranas. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company. p. 76. ISBN 9788120407701. OCLC 29595365.
- ^ Human Rights Violations in Nepal. Human Rights Watch. 1989. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-929692-31-9.
- ^ Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. p. 63. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC.