Gerard Edmund Lynch (born September 4, 1951) is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He was confirmed to that seat on September 17, 2009, after previously having been appointed in 2000 by President Bill Clinton to serve on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Judge Lynch was the first appeals-court judge nominated by President Barack Obama to win confirmation from the United States Senate.
Gerard E. Lynch | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Lynch in 2000 | |
| Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | |
| Assumed office September 5, 2016 | |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | |
| In office September 18, 2009 – September 5, 2016 | |
| Appointed by | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Chester J. Straub |
| Succeeded by | Michael H. Park |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York | |
| In office May 25, 2000 – September 21, 2009 | |
| Appointed by | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | John E. Sprizzo |
| Succeeded by | Paul A. Engelmayer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 4, 1951 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Education | Columbia University (BA, JD) |
Lynch is also the Paul J. Kellner Professor Emeritus at Columbia Law School.[1]
Education and early career
editBorn in Brooklyn, New York, Lynch graduated from Regis High School in 1968, received his Bachelors of Arts degree from Columbia University in 1972, and his Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1975, graduating first in his class at all three institutions. He joined the Columbia faculty in 1977, following judicial clerkships for Judge Wilfred Feinberg of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1975–76 and United States Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. in 1976–77. He served as Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1980 to 1983, prosecuting white-collar criminal cases and serving as chief appellate attorney. He returned to that office as chief of the criminal division in 1990–92. He was in private practice of law in New York City from 1992 to 2000.[2]
Lynch served as Vice Dean of Columbia Law School from 1992 to 1997.[3] He has been a visiting professor or lecturer at Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Police Academy (Tokyo); University of Tokyo; University of Buenos Aires; the Leiden University; and the University of Amsterdam. He was appointed counsel to numerous city, state, and federal commissions and special prosecutors investigating public corruption, including the Iran/Contra investigation, where among other responsibilities he briefed and argued the prosecution position in the appeal of Oliver North. He briefed and argued cases in federal appellate courts, including the Supreme Court, and as a cooperating attorney with the American and New York Civil Liberties Unions. He also has extensive experience as a defense attorney in state and federal cases.[2]
Lynch is a member of the American Law Institute and sits on its council. He is also a member of various bar associations and advisory committees. He has published and lectured on the federal racketeering laws, sentencing, plea bargaining and other aspects of criminal law, constitutional theory, and legal ethics. He received the student-voted Willis Reese Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1994,[4] and in 1997 became the first member of the law faculty to receive the university-wide President's Award for Outstanding Teaching. His principal teaching and research areas include criminal law and procedure, sentencing, and professional responsibility.
Federal judicial service
editDistrict court service
editOn February 28, 2000, Lynch was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by John E. Sprizzo. After Lynch was nominated to the district court in 2000, some Senate Republicans expressed concerns that he was a judicial activist, citing a previous warning in writings by Lynch warning the legal community not to overemphasize words from "18th- and 19th-century dictionaries" when interpreting the United States Constitution.[5] However, as part of a deal between Senate Democrats and Republicans that also paved the way for a vote to confirm Clinton's nomination of Republican Bradley A. Smith to the Federal Election Commission and Federal Circuit nominee Timothy B. Dyk,[6] Lynch was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 24, 2000, by a 63–36 vote,[7] and he received his commission the following day. His service as a district court judge was terminated on September 21, 2009, when he was elevated to the court of appeals.[2]
As a district court judge, Lynch presided over the perjury trial of rap artist Lil' Kim in 2005. He sentenced her to a year and a day in jail.[8] Judge Lynch is also an active participant in Legal Outreach, a non-for-profit organization in which he mentors inner-city kids in New York.
Court of appeals service
editOn April 2, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Lynch to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Chester J. Straub, who assumed senior status on July 16, 2008.[9] Lynch was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 17, 2009, by a 94–3 vote,[10][11] and received his commission the following day.[2] Lynch assumed senior status on September 5, 2016.[2]
Notable cases as appellate judge
edit- On May 7, 2015, Lynch wrote an opinion for the Second Circuit in Manhattan, ruling that the systematic collection of American's phone records by the NSA is illegal. He referred to the program as "an unprecedented contraction of the privacy expectations of all Americans", advancing the national debate started by the revelations of Edward Snowden.[12]
- On May 31, 2017, Lynch wrote an opinion for the Second Circuit in Manhattan, affirming the conviction and life sentence of Ross William Ulbricht, a/k/a "Dread Pirate Roberts," for operating the Silk Road (marketplace) underground website, that was responsible for the distribution of over $200 million of drugs and other contraband between 2011 and October 2013.[13]
- On February 26, 2018, Lynch authored a dissenting opinion in Zarda v. Altitude Express, Inc., in which he disagreed with the court's holding that Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act applies to sexual-orientation discrimination in the workplace.[14]
- In 2021, Lynch wrote for a panel which reversed the Southern District of New York in Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith, holding that Warhol's use of Goldsmith's photograph of Prince as the basis for a series of his own portraits of the musician was not sufficiently transformative to qualify as fair use. The Supreme Court affirmed the decision in 2023.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Columbia Law School Faculty". law.columbia.edu. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Lynch, Gerard E. – Federal Judicial Center". www.fjc.gov.
- ^ "Former Dean Lance Liebman Honored for His Service to Columbia Law School". www.law.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ "The Willis L.M. Reese Prize for Excellence in Teaching". www.law.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ McMurray, Jeffrey (June 29, 2000). "Sessions and judicial nominees: What goes around comes around". Associated Press.
- ^ Dewar, Helen (May 24, 2000). "Senate Agrees to End Impasse on Nominees; Deal Clears Way for Judges, Many Others". Washington Post. p. A35.
- ^ "On the Nomination (Gerard E. Lynch, Of N.Y., To be United States District Judge)". senate.gov. March 28, 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ^ "ABC News: Rapper Lil' Kim Gets 366 Days for Perjury". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-04-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Obama taps 2 more for federal appeals courts, Associated Press (April. 2, 2009).
- ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation of Gerard E. Lynch, of New York, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". senate.gov. September 17, 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ Gerard Lynch confirmed for New York appeals court[dead link], Associated Press (September 17, 2009).
- ^ Stempel, Jonathan (7 May 2017). "NSA's phone spying program ruled illegal by appeals court". Reuters.
- ^ "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ROSS WILLIAM ULBRICHT". Findlaw.
- ^ "Zarda v. Altitude Express, Inc., No. 15-3775 (2d Cir. 2018)". Justia Law. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
- ^ 11 F.4th 26 (2nd Cir. 2021).
External links
edit- Gerard E. Lynch at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- Gerard Lynch at Ballotpedia
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Profiles of Columbia Law School faculty