India-Ghana relations are the bilateral relations between India and Ghana. As members of the Commonwealth, India maintains a High Commission in Accra and Ghana has its High Commission in New Delhi.[1][2]
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History
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In 1817, Thomas Bowdich led a British delegation to Kumasi in order to improve relations between the Ashanti Empire and the United Kingdom. An Ashanti prince was skeptical of British motives in Ashanti, citing British presence in India. According to historian Edgerton, "The next day, an Asante prince asked Bowdich why, if Britain were so selfless, it had behaved so differently in India."[3]
India opened a consulate in Accra in 1953 and established full-fledged diplomatic relations with Ghana immediately after its independence in 1957. The Indian High Commission in Accra is also concurrently accredited to Burkina Faso, Togo and Sierra Leone. Ghana established its High Commission in New Delhi after its independence.
The first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah and India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, shared a strong personal bond of friendship.[4] Presidents Nkrumah, Hilla Limann, John Rawlings and John Kufuor have made state visits to India while Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao visited Ghana in 1995. India and Ghana are founding members of the Non Aligned Movement, the Government of India's Team-9 initiative and are members of the Commonwealth.
Indians and Indian culture in Ghana
editThere are about ten thousand Ghanaian Indians and Persons of Indian Origin living in Ghana today with some of them having been there for over 70 years.[5] Ghana is home to a growing indigenous Hindu population that today numbers 13,000 families. Hinduism first came to Ghana only in the late 1940s with the Sindhi traders who migrated here following India's Partition. It has been growing in Ghana and neighbouring Togo since the mid-1970s when an African Hindu monastery was established in Accra.[6][7]
Economic ties
editTrade
editTrade between India and Ghana amounted to US$818 million in 2010-11 and is expected to be worth US$1 billion by 2013.[8] Ghana imports automobiles and buses from India and companies like Tata Motors and Ashok Leyland have a significant presence in the country.[9][10] Ghanaian exports to India consist of gold, cocoa and timber while Indian exports to Ghana comprise pharmaceuticals, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, plastics, steel and cement.[5]
Economic cooperation
editThe Government of India has extended $228 million in lines of credit to Ghana which has been used for projects in sectors like agro-processing, fish processing, waste management, rural electrification and the expansion of Ghana's railways.[11] India has also offered to set up an India-Africa Institute of Information Technology (IAIIT) and a Food Processing Business Incubation Centre in Ghana under the India-Africa Forum Summit.[5]
Investments
editIndia is among the largest foreign investors in Ghana's economy. At the end of 2011, Indian investments in Ghana amounted to $550 million covering some 548 projects.[11] Indian investments are primarily in the agriculture and manufacturing sectors of Ghana while Ghanaian companies manufacture drugs in collaboration with Indian companies. The IT sector in Ghana too has a significant Indian presence in it. India and Ghana also have a Bilateral Investment Protection Agreement between them.[12] India's Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers is in the process of setting up a fertiliser plant in Ghana at Nyankrom in the Shama District of the Western Region of Ghana. The project entails an investment of US$1.3 billion and the plant would have an annual production capacity of 1.1 million tonnes, the bulk of which would be exported to India.[13][14] There are also plans to develop a sugar processing plant entailing an investment of US$36 million.[15] Bank of Baroda, Bharti Airtel, Tata Motors and Tech Mahindra are amongst the major Indian companies in Ghana.[16]
Technical co-operation
editIndia extends scholarship for the training of Ghanaian personnel in India through its Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme and the Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa Programme(SCAAP).
India has trained over 1,100 Ghanaian students and professionals since the commencement of the programme. India has also helped Ghana with expertise in IT and Communications (ICT) and helped develop the Tema Community Centre into a modern ICT facility. The Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT is another result of India's cooperation with Ghana in this field. The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune is to now provide PARAM supercomputing technology and training to the centre from 2012.[17][18]
The Indian Government supported the Electoral Commission of Ghana in conducting the Presidential and Parliamentary polls there in December 2012 by providing it with indelible ink and has also been helping Ghana develop an electronic system for revenue mobilisation.[19] Ghana is also part of the Pan-African e-Network project initiated by India and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology has commenced degree courses in collaboration with institutions of higher education in India.[16]
The new palace of the Ghanaian President, called Flagstaff House, has been built by India using a $60 million soft loan from the Government of India.[20][21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "High Commission of India, Accra, Ghana". Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ "Ghana High Commission, New Delhi". Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Edgerton, Robert B. (2010). The Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred-Year War For Africa's Gold Coast. Simon and Schuster. p. 22. ISBN 9781451603736. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
- ^ "Bilateral relations between Ghana and India". High Commission of Ghana, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ a b c "India-Ghana Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Ghana's unique African-Hindu temple". BBC. 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Hinduism spreads in Ghana, reaches Togo". Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "India aims to double trade with W. Africa". The Hindu. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Tata Motors to sell cars in Ghana". The Indian Express. 16 October 2006. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Ashok Leyland delivers 100 buses to Ghanaian firm". Business Standard. 11 June 2012. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ a b "Evolving India-Africa commerce relations: Ghana's lot". Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Doing Business in Ghana (PDF). Accra: KPMG. 2012. pp. 15, 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "India, Ghana to finalise gas price". HT Mint. 16 February 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Work on Ghana-India Fertilizer Project To Begin at Nyankrom". Ghana Money. 13 July 2012. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "India to establish fertiliser plant in Ghana". Daily Graphic. 21 February 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ a b "High Commissioner calls on Indian firms to invest in Ghana". The Chronicle. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "C-DAC provides tech support to Ghana". Business Standard. 21 April 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "India provides $2 billion technical assistance package…to developing countries". Modern Ghana. 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Ghana committed to strengthen bilateral relations with India". VibeGhana. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Ghana presidency gets new palace built by India". The New Indian Express. 25 December 2012. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ "Ghana presidency gets new palace built by India". The Hindu. 25 December 2012. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2013.