Ghulam Hamdani (1751–1844), known by the takhallus (nom de plume) of Mas'hafi (مصحفی maṣḥafi), was an Urdu ghazal poet.[3]
Ghulam Hamdani | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1751 Amroha, Mughal Empire[1][2] (India) |
| Died | 1844 (aged 93) Lucknow |
| Occupation | Urdu poet |
| Period | Mughal era |
| Genre | Ghazal |
| Subject | Love, philosophy |
Works
editBefore his time, the language known as Hindi, Hindavi, Dehlavi, Dakhini, Lahori or Rekhta was commonly known as the Zaban-i-Ordu,[4] and commonly in local literature and speech, Lashkari Zaban or Lashkari.[5] Mashafi was the first person to simply shorten the latter name to Urdu.[6] He migrated to Lucknow during the reign of Asaf-ud-Daula. According to one source, his ghazals are full of pathos.[7]
He wrote Tazkira E Hindi in Persian language which demonstrates his skill in that tongue.[8] He also wrote in Hindavi also known as. Hindi poetry:
مصحفی فارسی کو طاق پہ رکھ
اب ہے اشعار ہندوی کا رواج[9]
Mushafi farsi ko taq pe rakh
Ab hai ashaar- e-Hindavi ka rivaj[10]
There are ten extant collections of his poems, but it is believed that he allowed others for a fee to publish his poems under their own authorship.[11] His personal life lacked discipline and his poetry reflects a level of sensuality.[12] He excelled in lyrics but also composed odes and romances.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Petievich, Carla. "Rekhti: Impersonating the feminine in Urdu poetry." (2001): 75-90.
- ^ Fatihi, A. R. "Semantic Space in Lesbian Lingo of REkhti."
- ^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and poetics. Princeton University Press. 26 August 2012. p. 1499. ISBN 978-0691154916.
- ^ Maldonado Garcia, Maria Isabel. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.
- ^ Alyssa Ayres (23 July 2009). Speaking Like a State: Language and Nationalism in Pakistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780521519311.
- ^ P.V. Kate (1987). Marathwada Under the Nizams. p. 136. ISBN 9788170990178.
- ^ Lucnow: the last phase of an oriental culture. Oxford University Press. 12 May 1994. p. 255. ISBN 9780195633757.
- ^ "Tazkira-e-Hindi by Mushafi Ghulam Hamdani | Rekhta". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ^ "مصحفی غلام ہمدانی - شعر". Rekhta (in Urdu). Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ^ "A Historical Perspective of Urdu | National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ^ Mujib Ashraf (1982). Muslim Attitudes towards British Rule…. University of Michigan. p. 203.
- ^ Abdul Jamil Khan (2006). Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide. p. 189. ISBN 9780875864389.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Literature Vol.1. Philosophical Library. 1946. p. 570. ISBN 9780802215581.