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The Gum Nebula (Gum 12) is an emission nebula that extends across 36° in the southern constellations Vela and Puppis. It lies approximately 450 parsecs from the Earth.[1] Hard to distinguish, it was widely believed to be the greatly expanded (and still expanding) remains of a supernova that took place about a million years ago. More recent research suggests it may be an evolved H II region. It contains the 11,000-year-old Vela Supernova Remnant, along with the Vela Pulsar.
| Supernova remnant | |
|---|---|
 The Gum Nebula in H-alpha | |
| Observation data: J2000.0 epoch | |
| Right ascension | 08h 00m |
| Declination | −43° 00′ |
| Distance | 1470 ly (450 pc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | +12 (infrared only) |
| Apparent diameter | 30° |
| Constellation | Vela, Puppis |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Absolute magnitude (V) | 3.73 (infrared) |
| Designations | Gum 12 |
The Gum Nebula contains about 32 cometary globules.[2] These dense cloud cores are subject to such strong radiation from O-type stars γ2 Vel and ζ Pup and formerly the progenitor of the Vela Supernova Remnant that the cloud cores evaporate away from the hot stars into comet-like shapes. Like ordinary Bok globules, cometary globules are believed to be associated with star formation.[3] A notable object inside one of these cometary globules is the Herbig-Haro object HH 46/47.
It is named after its discoverer, the Australian astronomer Colin Stanley Gum (1924–1960). Gum had published his findings in 1955 in a work called A study of diffuse southern H-alpha nebulae (see Gum catalog). He also published the discovery of the Gum Nebula in 1952 in the journal The Observatory. The observations were made with the Commonwealth Observatory.[4]
The Gum nebula was photographed during Apollo 16 while the command module was in the double umbra of the Sun and Earth, using high-speed Kodak film.[5]
Popular culture
editThe Gum Nebula is explored by the crew of the Starship Titan in the Star Trek novel Orion's Hounds.[6]
Gallery
edit-
Clouds near the center of the Gum Nebula -
Cometary Nebulae 30, 31 and 38 in the Gum Nebula. It also contains HH 120. -
One of 4 images of the Gum Nebula photographed by Apollo 16 in 1972. AS16-127-20024. -
The Gum Nebula is visible as the faint large red nebula in this image.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Graham, J.A., 1986. Objects associated with low-mass star formation in the Gum nebula. The Astrophysical Journal, 302, pp.352-362.
- ^ Zealey, W. J., Z. Ninkov, E. Rice, M. Hartley, & S. B. Tritton. 1983, ApL, 23, 119.
- ^ Reipurth, B. 1983, A&A, 117, 183. Star formation in BOK globules and low-mass clouds. "I - The cometary globules in the GUM Nebula."
- ^ Gum, C. S. (1952-08-01). "A large H II region at galactic longitude 226 deg". The Observatory. 72: 151–154. Bibcode:1952Obs....72..151G. ISSN 0029-7704.
- ^ Apollo 16 Preliminary Science Report (NASA SP-315), 1972. Chapter 31, Astronomical Photography, Part A, Gum Nebula, Glactic Cluster, and Zodiacal Light Photography, by R. D. Mercer, L. Dunkelman, and Thomas K. Mattingly.
- ^ Bennett, Christopher (2005-12-27). Orion's Hounds. Pocket Books. ISBN 141650950X.
External links
edit
- Gum Nebula on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
- APOD: Gum Nebula, with mouse over (2009.08.22)
- Galaxy Map: Entry for Gum 12 in the Gum Catalog Archived 2013-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- Galaxy Map: Detail chart for the Gould Belt (showing the location of Gum 12 relative to the Sun)
- Encyclopedia of Science: Entry for the Gum Nebula (erroneously called Gum 56)
- SouthernSkyPhoto.com