HMS Sirdar was an Admiralty S-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy during the Turkish War of Independence. The S class was a development of the R class created during the First World War as a cheaper alternative to the V and W class. Launched in 1918 just before the Armistice, the ship initially joined the Grand Fleet but was swiftly transferred to reserve when the war ended. After a short period based in Rosyth, the destroyer was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet at the end of 1919 in time for the Turkish War of Independence. The vessel helped British and Ottoman forces defend the town of Izmit and to escort the Turkish battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim to Tuzla. The destroyer was subsequently deployed to the China Station. Between 1927 and 1931, Sirdar was involved in combatting piracy, including helping the crew of the passenger ship Hatching defeat 25 pirates that had secreted themselves amongst the passengers. In 1930, the destroyer was fired on by members of the Chinese Red Army while cruising along the Yangtze. The signing of the London Naval Treaty that year meant that the Royal Navy needed to decommission older destroyers as new vessels entered service. In 1934, Sirdar was retired and sold to be broken up.
_IWM_SP_1326.jpg) Sister ship Strenuous
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Sirdar |
| Namesake | Sirdar |
| Ordered | 7 April 1917 |
| Builder | Palmers, Jarrow |
| Laid down | August 1917 |
| Launched | 6 July 1918 |
| Commissioned | 6 September 1918 |
| Out of service | 4 May 1934 |
| Fate | Sold to be broken up |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | S-class destroyer |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 265 ft (80.8 m) p.p. |
| Beam | 26 ft 8 in (8.1 m) |
| Draught | 9 ft 10 in (3.0 m) mean |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 36 knots (41.4 mph; 66.7 km/h) |
| Range | 2,750 nmi (5,090 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h) |
| Complement | 90 |
| Armament |
|
Design and development
editSirdar was one of 33 Admiralty S-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty on 7 April 1917 as part of the Eleventh War Construction Programme. The design was a development of the R class introduced at the same time as, and as a cheaper and faster alternative to, the larger V and W class.[1][2] Differences with the R class were minor, such as having the searchlight moved aft and being designed to mount an additional pair of torpedo tubes.[3]
The destroyer had a overall length of 276 ft (84.1 m) and a length of 265 ft (80.8 m) between perpendiculars. Beam was 26 ft 8 in (8.1 m) and mean draught 9 ft 10 in (3.0 m). Displacement was 1,000 long tons (1,000 t) normal and 1,220 long tons (1,240 t) deep load. Three Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of Parsons geared steam turbines rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) at normal loading and 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph) at deep load.[4] Two funnels were fitted. A full load of 301 long tons (306 t) of fuel oil was carried, which gave a design range of 2,750 nautical miles (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[5]
Armament consisted of three QF 4 in (102 mm) Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline.[5] One was mounted raised on the forecastle, one on a platform between the funnels, and one aft.[6] The ship also mounted a single 2-pounder 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun for air defence. Four 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes were carried in two twin rotating mounts aft.[5] Four depth charge chutes were also fitted aft.[7] Typically, ten depth charges were carried.[8] The ship was designed to mount two additional 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes either side of the superstructure but this required the forecastle plating to be cut away, causing excess water to come aboard at sea, so they were removed.[3] The weight saved enabled the heavier Mark V 21-inch torpedo to be carried.[1] Fire control included a training-only director, single Dumaresq and a Vickers range clock.[9] The ship had a complement of 90 officers and ratings.[10]
Construction and career
editLaid down in August 1917 during the First World War by Palmers at their dockyard in Jarrow, Sirdar was launched on 6 July 1918 and completed on 6 September shortly before the Armistice that ended the war.[10][11] The vessel was the first to be named Sirdar in the Royal Navy, recalling the noble title of the Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Army under British rule.[12][13] The ship joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet.[14] However, the war had put a huge financial burden on the Royal Navy and it need to return to a peacetime level of strength. Both the number of ships and personnel needed to be reduced to save money.[15] Sirdar was placed in reserve at Rosyth, remaining there into the following year.[16]
Despite the fighting ending of the Western Front, there was still conflict in the Aegean Sea as the Ottoman Empire split up. The Royal Navy deployed an increasing number of destroyers to the Mediterranean and, in November 1919, Sirdar was ordered to be commissioned into the reserve of the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Mediterranean Fleet based at Malta.[17][18] When the city of Izmit was being attacked by the Kuva-yi Milliye on 14 June 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence, the destroyer was deployed to support the British and Ottoman troops defending the town.[19] The vessel then escorted the Turkish battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim to Tuzla.[20] The destroyer returned to Malta. Resuming deployment on 9 February the following year, the vessel arrived at Smyrna as part of an escort flotilla to the dreadnought Ajax three days later.[21] The fleet undertook exercises in the Sea of Marmara on 17 February.[22] On 14 November 1922, the destroyer sailed for Moudros.[23]
Sirdar was subsequently transferred to the China Station, being deployed to Zhenjiang on 27 April 1927 following the Nanking incident.[24] On 21 August, the destroyer was attacked off Zhenjiang by militants. The ship returned fire, killing six without loss of life amongst the crew.[25] On 1 September, Sirdar was deployed on one of many anti-piracy patrols off Daya Bay in the South China Sea.[26] On 8 December 1929, the destroyer, accompanied by sister ship Sterling, assisted the crew of the passenger ship Hatching, which had been attacked by 25 pirates that had secreted themselves amongst the passengers. The crew regained control of the ship, but one officer, a guard, five passengers and five pirates were injured. The remaining pirates were tried and executed when the ships returned to port.[27] On 6 September 1930, the destroyer was fired on by soldiers of the Chinese Red Army while cruising along the Yangtze to Jingzhou.[28] After the recapture of the merchant ship Hangtang from pirates, on 3 December 1931, Sirdar was sent to Nan'ao to retrieve some of the cargo retrieved.[29] The crew also succeeded in capturing some of the pirates.[30] However, the vessel's service days were numbered. On 22 April 1930, the London Naval Treaty had been signed, which limited total destroyer tonnage in the Royal Navy. The force was looking to introduce more modern destroyers and so needed to retire some of the older vessels.[31] Sirdar was decommissioned and, on 4 May 1934, sold to be broken up by Cashmore in Newport, Wales.[12]
Pennant numbers
edit| Pennant number | Date |
|---|---|
| G27 | November 1918[32] |
| F51 | January 1919[33] |
| H1A | November 1919[34] |
| D59 | January 1922[35] |
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Preston 1985, p. 85.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 169.
- ^ a b March 1966, p. 221.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 297.
- ^ a b c Preston 1985, p. 84.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 163.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 236.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 235.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 146.
- ^ a b Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 107.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 311.
- ^ a b Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 323.
- ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 407.
- ^ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. October 1918. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
- ^ "V Vessels in Reserve at Home Bases and Other Ports". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 16. July 1919. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ "Naval Intelligence". The Times. No. 42265. 24 November 1919. p. 12.
- ^ "VII Mediterranean". The Navy List: 712. January 1920. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Halpern 2011, p. 231.
- ^ Halpern 2011, p. 239.
- ^ Halpern 2011, p. 302.
- ^ Halpern 2011, p. 304.
- ^ "Warship Movements". The Times. No. 43189. 15 November 1922. p. 12.
- ^ "Warships In The Yangtze". The Times. No. 44567. 28 April 1927. p. 13.
- ^ "More Firing at Woosang: Sirdar Fired On". China Mail. No. 25645. 22 August 1927. p. 1.
- ^ "Bias Bay Pirates: Return of the British Expedition". The Times. No. 44676. 2 September 1927. p. 12.
- ^ Parkinson 2018, p. 381.
- ^ ""Red" Menace on the Yangtze: British Destroyer Fired Upon". The Times. No. 45612. 8 September 1930. p. 11.
- ^ Parkinson 2018, p. 394.
- ^ "Notes of Matters of General Interest:China". The Times. No. 46073. 4 March 1932. p. 8.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 211.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 63.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 49.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 77.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 38.
Bibliography
edit- Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: a complete record of all fighting ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th century to the present. London: Chatham. ISBN 978-1-85367-566-9.
- Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
- Halpern, Paul G. (2011). The Mediterranean Fleet, 1919–1929. Burlington VT: Ashgate Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-40942-757-5.
- Manning, Thomas Davys; Walker, Charles Frederick (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam. OCLC 780274698.
- March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
- Moretz, Joseph (2002). The Royal Navy and the Capital Ship in the Interwar Period. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-71465-196-5.
- Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC 907574860.
- Parkinson, Jonathan (2018). The China Station, Royal Navy: A History as Seen Through the Careers of the Commanders in Chief, 1864–1941. Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire: Matador. ISBN 978-1-78803-521-7.
- Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.