HMS Wolverine was a Beagle-class destroyer of the Royal Navy launched on 15 January 1910. She was built by Cammell Laird at Birkenhead.
 HMS Wolverine
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Wolverine |
| Builder | Cammell Laird, Birkenhead |
| Launched | 15 January 1910 |
| Fate | Sunk in collision, 12 December 1917 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Beagle-class destroyer |
| Length | 274 ft (84 m) |
| Beam | 28 ft (8.5 m) |
| Draught | 10 ft (3.0 m) |
| Installed power | 12,500 ihp (9,300 kW) |
| Propulsion | Steam engines |
| Speed | 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) |
| Complement | 96 |
| Armament | |
Design and construction
editWolverine was one of three Beagle-class destroyers ordered from the shipbuilder Cammell Laird as part of the 1908–1909 shipbuilding programme.[1][2] The Beagles were not built to a standard design, with detailed design being left to the builders of individual ships in accordance with a loose specification.[3] Wolverine, like the other two Laird-built ships, was 266 feet (81.1 m) long, with a beam of 28 feet (8.5 m) and a draught of 8 feet 8 inches (2.6 m).[4] Displacement was 914 long tons (929 t) normal.[5] Five Yarrow boilers fed direct-drive Parsons steam turbines driving three propeller shafts.[6] The machinery was rated at 12,500 shaft horsepower (9,300 kW) to meet the design speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph).[7] Gun armament consisted of one BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII and three QF 12-pounder 12 cwt guns.[a] Torpedo armament consisted of two 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. Two spare torpedoes were carried.[8][9]
Wolverine was laid down at Laird's Birkenhead shipyard on 26 April 1904 and was launched on 15 January 1910.[10] She reached a speed of 27.1 knots (50.2 km/h; 31.2 mph) on her sea trials,[11] meeting the contract requirement of 27 knots, and was completed in September 1910.[10]
Service history
editOn commissioning, Wolverine joined the First Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Home Fleet.[12][13] In 1912, the Royal Navy's destroyer flotillas were re-organized, with the Beagles joining the Third Destroyer Flotilla.[14] Wolverine remained part of the Third Flotilla until August 1913,[13][15] but had transferred to the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Royal Navy's Mediterranean Fleet by November that year.[16]
At the outbreak of the First World War, Wolverine was still in the Mediterranean, as a member of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla.[17] The flotilla, including Wolverine, was involved in the pursuit of the German battlecruiser Goeben. Wolverine was one of eight destroyers deployed by Rear Admiral Ernest Troubridge to assist his squadron of Armoured cruisers in stopping the German ships escaping to Austrian waters. When it was realised that Goeben and Breslau were not heading to Austria, Troubridge left these destroyers behind as they did not have sufficient coal left for a high speed pursuit, and set off southwards on the night of 6/7 August 1914 with his four Armoured cruisers. He called off his pursuit later that night because he could not intercept the German squadron until daylight, when Goeben's superior speed and armament would give the Germans a significant advantage.[18][19][20] On 1 November 1914 she and the destroyer Scorpion sank a Turkish armed yacht, believed to be involved in minelaying operations, in the Gulf of Smyrna.[21]
In 1915, along with numerous other Beagle, River and Laforey-class destroyers, she took part in the naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. Early operations involved escorting trawlers when they attempted to sweep Turkish minefields in the narrows of the Dardanelles.[22] During the initial landings at ANZAC Cove and at Cape Helles, Wolverine joined several other destroyers in minesweeping operations in the Dardanelles straits to allow Allied battleships to bombard Turkish positions. On 28 April, Wolverine was sweeping in conjunction with sister ship Racoon (the sweep wire was run between the two ships) when she was hit on the ship's bridge by a Turkish shell, which killed Commander Osmond J. Prentis, Wolverine' s captain and two more men.[23][24] On the night of 12/13 May, the pre-dreadnought battleships Goliath and Cornwallis were anchored in Morto Bay, supporting French troops. To protect the two battleships, Beagle and Bulldog patrolled the north side of the straits, with Scorpion and Wolverine patrolling the southern side and Pincher in the centre of the straits. Despite these patrols, the Turkish destroyer Muavenet-i Milliye managed to sneak past Beagle and Bulldog on the northern side of the straits and torpedoed and sunk Goliath before successfully escaping. On releasing that Goliath had been torpedoed, Wolverine and Scorpion attempted to cut off the Turkish destroyer, but Muavenet-i Milliye evaded them.[25]
Work included naval artillery support, particular at the Cape Helles beachhead.[26] On 28 June Wolverine provided support for the advancing forces at the Battle of Gully Ravine, helping to break up a Turkish counter attack.[27] She provided cover for the final evacuation from Cape Helles on the night of 8/9 January 1916.[28][29] From March 1916, Wolverine operated in the Aegean, patrolling the Dodecanese, Sporades and Cyclades and the Turkish coast, carrying raiding parties of Greek and Cretan irregular troops commanded by the classical scholar John Myres which carried out cattle raids on the Turkish coast.[30]
Wolverine was recalled to home waters and assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla now based at Buncrana, near Lough Swilly in the north of Ireland in October 1917.[31][32] On 12 December 1917, Wolverine was part of an escort group on the way to rendezvous with a Britain-bound Atlantic convoy off the northwest coast of Ireland, when the force's senior officer, aboard Hardy ordered a course change. After carrying out the manoeuvre, Wolverine was rammed by the fleet sweeping sloop Rosemary, with the destroyer rolling over and sinking as a result of the damage received.[33][34] Two of Wolverine's crew were killed.[34][35] The collision was blamed on Rosemary's bridge crew, and in particular her officer of the watch, who had carried out the course change too early, and then reversed the manoeuvre, putting the sloop on collision course with the destroyer, with there being no time for successful evasive action.[34]
Notes
edit- ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12cwt referring to the weight of the gun.
Citations
edit- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 118, 305–306.
- ^ Manning 1961, p. 56.
- ^ Brown 2010, p. 68.
- ^ Manning 1961, p. 57.
- ^ "542a: Wolverine, 1. Torpedo boat destroyer". The Navy List: 397a. March 1913. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 73.
- ^ Manning 1961, pp. 54, 57.
- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 116, 118.
- ^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, pp. 73–74.
- ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 306.
- ^ Hythe 1912, p. 249.
- ^ Manning 1961, pp. 25, 55.
- ^ a b "NMM, vessel ID 378955" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iv. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Manning 1961, p. 25.
- ^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Flotillas of the First Fleet". The Navy List: 269a. September 1913. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Mediterranean Fleet". The Navy List: 270a. November 1913. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Mediterranean Fleet". The Navy List: 270. August 1914. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ Massie 2007, pp. 41–43.
- ^ Marder 2013, pp. 25–28.
- ^ The Naval Review Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 514–519.
- ^ Dorling 1932, pp.66–67.
- ^ Kindell, Don (15 February 2011). "1st - 30th April 1915: in date, ship/unit & name order". World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies. naval-history.net. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ Dorling 1932, p. 72
- ^ Corbett 1923, p. 71.
- ^ Dorling 1932, pp. 88–89.
- ^ Corbett 1923, pp. 248–255.
- ^ Dorling 1932, pp. 95–100.
- ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: XI—Mediterranean Fleet". The Navy List. September 1917. p. 21.
- ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VII.—Coast of Ireland Station". The Navy List. October 1917. p. 17.
- ^ Kemp 1999, p. 60.
- ^ a b c Hepper 2006, p. 112
- ^ Kindell, Don (22 February 2011). "1st - 31st December 1917: in date, ship/unit & name order". World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
References
edit- Brown, David K. (2010). The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-085-7.
- Corbett, Julian S. (1920). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. I: To the Battle of the Falklands. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
- Corbett, Julian S. (1921). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. II. London: Longmans Green. OCLC 1185863.
- Corbett, Julian S. (1923). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. III. London: Longmans Green.
- Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
- Dorling, Taprell (1932). Endless Story: Being an account of the work of the Destroyers, Flotilla-Leaders, Torpedo-Boats and Patrol Boats in the Great War. London: Hodder and Stoughton. OCLC 55531197.
- Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Hepper, David (2006). British Warship Losses in the Ironclad Era: 1860–1919. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 9781861762733.
- Viscount Hythe, ed. (1912). The Naval Annual 1912. Portsmouth, UK: J. Griffin & Co.
- Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1567-6.
- Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. London: Putnam. OCLC 6470051.
- Marder, Arthur J. (2013). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era 1904–1919: Volume II: The War Years: To the Eve of Jutland 1914–1916. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-163-2.
- Massie, Robert K. (2007). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-099-52378-9.
- "Narrative from a Destroyer During the Goeben and Breslau Hunt" (PDF). The Naval Review. 7 (4): 514–519. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2015.