Halcyon (‹See Tfd›Greek: Ἀλκυών) is a short dialogue attributed in the manuscripts to both Plato and Lucian, but the work is not by either writer.[1] Favorinus, writing in the early second century, attributes it to a certain Leon,[2] as did Nicias of Nicaea. [3]
Content
editIn the dialogue, Socrates relates to Chaerephon the ancient myth of Halcyon, a woman who was transformed by the gods into a bird to be able to search the seas for her husband Ceyx, who was lost at sea. Skeptical of the account, Chaerephon questions the possibility that humans can be transformed into birds. In response, Socrates cautions that there are many amazing things unknown or at least not fully understood by humans, and advocates epistemological humility for mortals in light of the gods' abilities or, more generally, in light of what humans do not know.
For comparison, Socrates refers to a bad storm that recently took place and was immediately followed by a sudden calm. Such a sudden transformation is all at once amazing, real, and beyond the power of humans to effect. He also points out the vast differences in strength and intelligence between adults and children, with the latter often being incapable of comprehending what adults can do. Both analogies, taken together, support the possibility that the gods may indeed have the ability to transform humans into birds, which process is simply not understood by humans, as opposed to being impossible. Socrates concludes by resolving to pass the myth down to his children as it was communicated to him, and especially with the hope that it will inspire his wives Xanthippe and Myrto to remain devoted to him. As is stated at its conclusion, the conversation is conducted in the port of Phaleron, also the narrative setting of Plato's Symposium.
Inclusion
editThe text was included in the first-century Platonic canon of Thrasyllus of Mendes but had been expunged prior to the Stephanus pagination and is thus rarely found in modern collections of Plato although it appears in Hackett's Complete Works.[4] It is often still included among the spurious works of Lucian.[5]
Texts and translations
edit- Macleod, M. D., Lucian, Vol. VIII (Harvard University Press, 1967). ISBN 978-0-674-99476-8 (Greek and English)
- Stief, Jake E., Halcyon (Stief Books, 2018). ASIN B07DMRR5VJ (English)
Notes
edit- ^ A. E. Taylor, (2001), Plato: The Man and His Work, page 552. Courier Dover Publications
- ^ Diogenes Laërtius, iii. 62
- ^ Athenaeus xi. 506 c
- ^ Plato (1997). "Halcyon". In Cooper, John M.; Hutchinson, D. S. (eds.). Complete Works. Translated by Indwood, Brad. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Co. pp. 1714–1717. ISBN 9780872203495.
- ^ John Madison Cooper, D. S. Hutchinson, eds., Plato, Complete works, Indianapolis, Indiana, Hackett Publishing, 1997, ISBN 978-0-87220-349-5, p. 1714