Helgafell (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhɛlkaˌfɛtl̥] , "Helgi's mountain"[3]) is an inactive 227 m (745 ft)[4] volcanic cone located on the island of Heimaey in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago in Iceland.
| Helgafell | |
|---|---|
 The cone of the Helgafell volcano seen from Heimaey harbor | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 227 m (745 ft)[1] |
| Coordinates | 63°25′45″N 20°15′36″W / 63.42917°N 20.26000°W |
| Geography | |
  Helgafell Iceland | |
| Location | Heimaey, Iceland |
| Geology | |
| Rock age | 5,000 years |
| Last eruption | 3950 BCE ± 300 years[2] |
The Stórhöfði peninsula immediately to the south of Helgafell in what is now southern Heimaey formed about 6000 years ago.[2] Helgafell formed a thousand years later in a monogenetic volcanic eruption,[5]: 55 which created much of the present island over a period of between 11 and 12 months,[1][4] at 3950 BCE ± 300 years.[2] This erupted 0.65 km3 (0.16 cu mi) of lava and scoria with a DRE of 0.59 km3 (0.14 cu mi).[5]: 68 Immediately north of Helgafell is the active volcano Eldfell, which had a no warning disruptive monogenetic fissure eruption commencing January 23, 1973.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Mattsson, H.B.; Höskuldsson, Á. (2005). "Eruption reconstruction, formation of flow-lobe tumuli and eruption duration in the 5900 BP Helgafell lava field (Heimaey), south Iceland". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 147 (1–2): 157–172. Bibcode:2005JVGR..147..157M. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.04.001.
- ^ a b c "Vestmannaeyjar". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Helgafell". Heimaslóð. 2012-08-09. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
- ^ a b "visitvestmannislands.is". Archived from the original on 2017-09-12. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
- ^ a b Mattsson, H.B.; Höskuldsson, Á. (2003). "Geology of the Heimaey volcanic centre, south Iceland: early evolution of a central volcano in a propagating rift?". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 127 (1–2): 55–71. Bibcode:2003JVGR..127...55M. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00178-1.
- ^ Thorarinsson, S.; Steinthorsson, S.; Einarsson, T.; Kristmannsdottir, H.; Oskarsson, N. (1973-02-09). "The eruption on Heimaey, Iceland". Nature. 241 (5389): 372–375. Bibcode:1973Natur.241..372T. doi:10.1038/241372a0. S2CID 4163208.
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