Hollardiinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This small subfamily comprises two genera and a total of five species and all, except one species, are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean. The exception is found in the western and central Pacific Ocean.
| Hollardiinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Hawaiian spikefish Hollardia goslinei | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Triacanthodidae |
| Subfamily: | Hollardiinae Tyler, 1968 |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Taxonomy
editHollardiinae was first proposed as a subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae in 1968 by the American ichthyologist James C. Tyler.[1] It is none of two subfmilies withion the family, the other being the nominate, Triacanthodinae. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei along with the family Triacanthidae, the triplefins.[2]
Etymology
editHollardiinae takes its name from its type genus, Hollardia,[1] which was named in honour of the French physician and naturalist Henri Hollard, a pioneering worker in the study of the Plectognathi.[3]
Genera and species
editHollardiinae contains the following genera and species:[4][5][6]
- Hollardia Poey, 1861
- Hollardia goslinei Tyler, 1968 (Hawaiian spikefish)
- Hollardia hollardi Poey, 1861 (Reticulate spikefish)
- Hollardia meadi Tyler, 1966 (Spotted spikefish)
- Parahollardia Fraser-Brunner, 1941
- Parahollardia lineata (Longley, 1935) (Jambeau)
- Parahollardia schmidti Woods, 1959 (Threeline spikefish)
Characteristics
editHollardiinae spikefishes are distinguished from theose in the nominate subfamily by the possession of a dome like supraoccipital and by the first branchiostegal ray being slightly enlarged at its tip but the tip not being turned inwards.[4] The dome like supraocciptal stops the epiotic bones from meeting on the upper surface of the skull, they also have a pelvis which resemvles a shaft and sits behind the spines of the pelvic fins.[7] These are small fishes with maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in) for P. lineata.[6]
Distribution and habitat
editHollardiinae spikefishes appear to have their origins in the prehistoric Tethys Sea at some time between the Palaeocene and the Oligocene, and from there they migrated west across the Atlantic Ocean.[7] The majority of species are found in the tropical and temperate waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean, with one species, the Hawaiian spikefish in the central and western Pacific Oceans.[5] These are benthic fishes found at depths between 230 and 396 m (755 and 1,299 ft).[8][9]
References
edit- ^ a b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ a b Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Hollardia". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Parahollardia". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ a b Santini, Francesco (2003). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Triacanthodidae (Tetraodontiformes, Teleostei) (PhD thesis). University of Toronto.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hollardia hollardi". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ Liu, J.; Zapfe, G.; Shao, K.-T.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Parahollardia lineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T190281A97668535. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190281A1946658.en. Retrieved 28 August 2024.