Parahollardia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These demersal fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.
| Parahollardia | |
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| Parahollardia lineata | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Triacanthodidae |
| Genus: | Parahollardia Fraser-Brunner, 1941 |
| Type species | |
| Triacanthodes lineatus Longley, 1935
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Taxonomy
editParahollardia was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1941 by the British ichthyologist Alec Fraser-Brunner with Triacanthodes lineatus designated as its type species, and its only species.[1] T. lineatus was first formally described in 1935 by the Canadian-American botanist and marine biologist William Harding Longley with its type locality given as Tortugas in Florida.[2] In 1968 the American ichthyologist James C. Tyler classified this genus, alongside Hollardia in a new subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae, the Hollardiinae.[3]The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei in the order Tetraodontiformes.[4]
Etymology
editParahollardia means "close to Hollardia", an allusion to the close relationship of the two genera.[5]
Species
editParahollardia contains the following 2 valid species:[6][7]
- Parahollardia lineata (Longley, 1935) (Jambeau)
- Parahollardia schmidti Woods, 1959
Characteristics
editParahollardia spikefishes have rather deep, slightly compressed bodies with small mouths that open to the front and a short snout. There are 2 series of conical teeth on each jaw with between 1 and 10, typically 2 to 4, irregularly positioned teeth outside of the outer row. The dorsal fin typically has its origin origin immediately to the rear of the gill opening's top corner. It is supported by six spines, the first being long and robust, and these decrease in size towards the rear and the spines can be locked upright the soft rays are branched. There is a single large lockable spine in the pelvic fin too. The lower surface of the scale-covered part of the pelvis is rounded. These fishes have thick, rough skin which is covered in many small scales, each one with tiny spines on it.[8] These are small fishes with maximum published lengths of 20 cm (7.9 in) total length for P. lineata.[9]
Distribution and habitat
editParahollardia spikefishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean off the southeatern United States, in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. P. lineata is found at depths between 119 and 396 m (390 and 1,299 ft) over soft substrates close to the edge of the continetal shelf and along the continental slope.[10]
References
edit- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthodidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Parahollardia". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Matsuura, K. (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. Bibcode:2015IchtR..62...72M. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Parahollardia". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ "Genus: Hollardia, Spikefish, Spikefishes". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parahollardia lineata". FishBase. August 2024 version.
- ^ Liu, J.; Zapfe, G.; Shao, K.-T.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Parahollardia lineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T190281A97668535. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190281A1946658.en. Retrieved 28 August 2024.