Humburi Senni language

Humburi Senni
Humburi Senni
humburi ciini; هُمْبُرِ ٺِينِ‎
Native to	Burkina Faso, Mali
Region	Hombori
Native speakers	(81,000 cited 1999–2021)
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Songhay Southern Humburi Senni; ; ;
Dialects	Hombori; Maransé;
Writing system	Latin; Arabic
Language codes
ISO 639-3	hmb
Glottolog	humb1243
	Location of Songhay languages; Northwest Songhay: Korandje Koyra Chiini Tadaksahak Tasawaq Tagdal Eastern Songhay: Tondi Songway Kiini Humburi Senni Koyraboro Senni Zarma language Songhoyboro Ciine Dendi

Humburi Senni, or Central Songhay, is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in the Hombori region, straddling the Burkina–Mali border.

Orthography

Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Humburi Senni in Mali, as standardized by "DNAFLA".

Humburi Senni Songhay Latin Alphabet (Mali)^[4]
A a	B b	C c	D d	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i	J j	K k	L l	M m	N n
[a]	[b]	[t͡ʃ]	[d]	[e]	[f]	[ɡ]	[h]	[i]	[d͡ʒ]	[k]	[l]	[m]	[n]
Ɲ ɲ	Ŋ ŋ	O o	P p	R r	S s	Š š	T t	U u	W w	Y y	Z z	Ž ž
[ɲ]	[ŋ]	[o]	[p]	[r]	[s]	[ʃ]	[t]	[u]	[w]	[j]	[z]	[ʒ]

Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Humburi Senni, based on UNESCO.BREDA report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in Bamako.^[5]^[6]

Humburi Senni Arabic alphabet (Mali)^[5]^[6]
Arabic (Latin) [IPA]	ا‎ ‌( - ) [∅]/[ʔ]	ب‎ (B b) [b]	ت‎ (T t) [t]	ٺ‎ (C c) [t͡ʃ]	ث‎ (S s) [s]	ج‎ (J j) [d͡ʒ]
Arabic (Latin) [IPA]	ح‎ (H h) [h]	خ‎ (Kh kh) [x]	ݗ‎ (Ŋ ŋ) [ŋ]	د‎ (D d) [d]	ذ‎ (Z z) [z]	ر‎ (R r) [r]
Arabic (Latin) [IPA]	ز‎ (Z z) [z]	ژ‎ (Ž ž) [ʒ]	س‎ (S s) [s]	ش‎ (Š š) [ʃ]	ص‎ (S s) [s]	ض‎ (D d) [d]
Arabic (Latin) [IPA]	ط‎ (T t) [t]	ظ‎ (Z z) [z]	ع‎ ( - ) [ʔ]	غ‎ (G g) [ɡ]	ݝ‎ (G g) [ɡ]	ڢ‎ (F f) [f]
Arabic (Latin) [IPA]	ݠ‎ (P p) [p]	ڧ‎ (K k) [k]	ك‎ (K k) [k]	ل‎ (L l) [l]	م‎ (M m) [m]	ن‎ (N n) [n]
Arabic (Latin) [IPA]	ه‎ (H h) [h]	و‎ (W w) [w]	ؤ‎ ( - ) [ʔ]	ي‎ (W w) [j]	ئ‎ ( - ) [ʔ]	ࢩ‎ (Ɲ ɲ) [ɲ]

Vowel at the beginning of a word
A	E	I	O	U
Short Vowels
اَ‎	اٜ‎	اِ‎	اࣷ‎	اُ‎
Long Vowels
Aa	Ee	Ii	Oo	Uu
آ‎	اٜيـ / اٜي‎	اِيـ / اِي‎	اࣷو‎	اُو‎

Vowel at the middle or end of a word
a	e	i	o	u
Short Vowels
◌َ‎	◌ٜ‎	◌ِ‎	◌ࣷ‎	◌ُ‎
Long Vowels
aa	ee	ii	oo	uu
◌َا / ◌َـا‎	◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ‎ ◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي‎	◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ‎ ◌ِي / ◌ِـي‎	◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو‎	◌ُو / ◌ُـو‎

References

^ Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
^ Humburi Senni at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
^ This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
^ République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
^ ^a ^b Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. [1]
^ ^a ^b Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003). Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages (PDF).

External links

Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
Heath, Jeffrey, (2014) Grammar of Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali). University of Michigan. Link

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[1] Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)

[e26-2] Humburi Senni at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[3] This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.

[4] République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993

[chtatou-5] Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. [1]

[unicode-6] Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003). Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages (PDF).

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Humburi Senni
humburi ciini^[1] هُمْبُرِ ٺِينِ‎
Native to	Burkina Faso, Mali
Region	Hombori
Native speakers	(81,000 cited 1999–2021)^[2]
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Songhay Southern Humburi Senni
Dialects	Hombori Maransé
Writing system	Latin Arabic
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`hmb`
Glottolog	`humb1243`
Location of Songhay languages^[3] Northwest Songhay: Korandje Koyra Chiini Tadaksahak Tasawaq Tagdal Eastern Songhay: Tondi Songway Kiini Humburi Senni Koyraboro Senni Zarma language Songhoyboro Ciine Dendi