Sangtam, also called Thukumi, Isachanure, or Lophomi, is a Naga language spoken in northeast India. It is spoken in Kiphire District and in the Longkhim-Chare circle in Tuensang district, Nagaland, India.
| Sangtam | |
|---|---|
| Thukumi Sangtam Naga | |
| Lophomi | |
| Native to | Nagaland, India |
| Region | East-central Nagaland, Tuensang and Khiphire districts |
| Ethnicity | Sangtam |
Native speakers | 76,000 (2011 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nsa |
| Glottolog | sang1321 |
Dialects
editEthnologue lists the following dialects of Sangtam.
- Kizare
- Pirr (Northern Sangtam)
- Phelongre
- Thukumi (Central Sangtam)
- Photsimi
- Purr (Southern Sangtam)
The standardized dialect of Sangtam is based on the Tsadanger village speech variety.
Phonology
editSangtam is unusual in having two stops with bilabial trilled release, /t̪͡ʙ, t̪͡ʙ̥ʰ/.[2]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t̪ | ʈ | c | k | ʔ | |
| aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | cʰ | kʰ | |||
| Affricate | plain | t͡ʙ | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| aspirated | t͡ʙ̥ʰ | t͡sʰ | t͡ʃʰ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
| voiced | (v) | (z) | ||||||
| Approximant | l | ɹ | j | |||||
- All phonemes with /t/ are dental.
- /ʈ/ is realised like [ʈʵ].
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open/ Open-mid |
a | ʌ | |
All vowels can have high, mid, or low tone
References
edit- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ a b c Coupe, Alexander (2015). "Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam". Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10–14 August 2015. Glasgow: University of Glasgow. ISBN 978-0-85261-941-4. Paper no. 0734.1–5.