Foreign relations of Indonesia

Since independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. During the presidency of Sukarno, Indonesia's foreign relations were marked by engagement with other newly independent nations in Asia and Africa, as exemplified by the Bandung Conference, the subsequent foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement and a confrontational attitude towards Western powers, justified by a belief in the CONEFO and opposition to what Sukarno termed as NEKOLIM (Neocolonialism and Imperialism).^[1]

After a US-backed ouster of Sukarno and left-wing elements in 1965, Indonesian foreign policy underwent a major shift under the "New Order" government, as President Suharto moved away from the stridently anti-Western, anti-American posturing that characterised the latter part of the Sukarno era. Following Suharto's ouster in 1998, Indonesia's government has preserved the broad outlines of Suharto's independent, moderate foreign policy. Preoccupation with domestic problems has not prevented successive presidents from travelling abroad.

Indonesia's relations with the international community were strained as a result of its invasion of neighbouring East Timor in December 1975, the subsequent annexation and occupation, the independence referendum in 1999, and the resulting violence afterwards. As one of the founding members of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), established in 1967, and also as the largest country in Southeast Asia, Indonesia has put ASEAN as the cornerstone of its foreign policy and outlook. After the transformation from Suharto's regime to a relatively open and democratic country in the 21st century, Indonesia today exercises its influence to promote co-operation, development, democracy, security, peace and stability in the region through its leadership in ASEAN.^[2] Currently, Israel is the only UN member state that does not have formal diplomatic relations with Indonesia, although they maintain informal relations.

Indonesia managed to play a role as a peacemaker in the Cambodia–Thailand conflict over the Preah Vihear temple. Indonesia and other ASEAN member countries collectively have also played a role in encouraging the government of Myanmar to open up its political system and introduce other reforms more quickly.^[2]

Given its geographic and demographic size, rising capabilities and diplomatic initiatives, scholars have classified Indonesia as one of Asia-Pacific's middle powers.^[3]

Historical issues

The foreign policy of Indonesia has evolved over time and has been shaped by various factors such as its historical context, geographic location, national interests, and leadership. Here is an overview of the historical context of Indonesia's foreign policy:

Founding Principles: Indonesia's foreign policy is rooted in the country's founding principles of Pancasila, which emphasizes peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and non-interference in the domestic affairs of other countries.^[4]
Western New Guinea. The western part of New Guinea was under Dutch colonial rule and known as "West Irian." When Indonesia gained independence from the Netherlands in 1945, the Dutch retained control over West Irian, but Indonesia claimed it. The United Nations supervised the transfer of West Irian to Indonesia in 1963. The region officially became a part of Indonesia in 1969 through a UN-sanctioned referendum known as the Act of Free Choice.^[5]
Non-Aligned Movement: After gaining independence from Dutch colonial rule in 1945, Indonesia played a prominent role in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The NAM was a group of countries that chose not to align with any major power bloc during the Cold War, advocating for a neutral stance and promoting cooperation among developing nations.^[6]
Regional Leadership: Indonesia has sought to establish itself as a leader in the Southeast Asian region. It was one of the founding members of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) in 1967 and has been actively involved in regional initiatives to promote peace, stability, and economic integration in Southeast Asia.^[7]
"Free and Active" Foreign Policy: In the 1950s and 1960s, under the leadership of President Sukarno, Indonesia pursued a "free and active" foreign policy. This policy aimed at asserting Indonesia's independence and taking an active role in global affairs by participating in international organizations, supporting decolonization movements, and advocating for the rights of developing nations.^[8]
Post-Suharto Era: Following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Indonesia underwent political and economic reforms. This period saw a shift in foreign policy priorities, focusing more on economic development, regional cooperation, and democracy promotion. Indonesia also embraced a more pragmatic approach in its foreign relations.^[9]
East Timor: In 1975, shortly after East Timor declared independence from Portuguese colonial rule, Indonesia invaded and occupied the territory. The occupation lasted for 24 years and was marked by widespread human rights abuses, violence, and resistance from the East Timorese people. The international community largely condemned the occupation. Various human rights organizations and activists put pressure on Indonesia to leave. In 1999, Indonesia agreed to hold a UN-sponsored referendum to determine its political status. The majority of the East Timorese people voted for independence, leading to widespread violence and destruction orchestrated by pro-Indonesia militias. International peacekeeping forces, led by Australia, restored order. East Timor finally achieved independence in 2002.^[10]
Territorial Integrity: Indonesia places great importance on its territorial integrity and has been firm in its stance against any threats to its sovereignty. It has been involved in various territorial disputes, including those in the South China Sea, and has sought to resolve them through peaceful means, including diplomatic negotiations.^[11]
Counterterrorism and Maritime Security: Indonesia has actively cooperated with regional and international partners in combating terrorism and ensuring maritime security. It has been affected by terrorist attacks in the past and has taken steps to enhance intelligence-sharing, border control, and counterterrorism efforts.^[12]
Economic Diplomacy: With the world's fourth-largest population and a growing economy, Indonesia has focused on economic diplomacy to attract foreign investment, promote trade relations, and strengthen economic ties with other countries. It has pursued partnerships with both developed and developing nations to foster economic growth and development.^[13]
Climate Change and Environmental Issues: As a country highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, Indonesia has been actively engaged in international efforts to address environmental issues. It has been a vocal advocate for sustainable development, forest conservation, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.^[14]
Global and Regional Multilateralism: Indonesia actively participates in various multilateral organizations, including the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). It has sought to contribute to global peace, security, and development by engaging in multilateral dialogues and fostering regional cooperation.^[15]

Significant international memberships

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A cornerstone of Indonesia's contemporary foreign policy is its participation in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),^[16] of which it was a founding member in 1967 with Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. Since then, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia also have joined ASEAN. While organised to promote shared economic, social, and cultural goals, ASEAN acquired a security dimension after Vietnam's liberation of Cambodia in 1979; this aspect of ASEAN expanded with the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum in 1994, which comprises 22 countries, including the US.

The Indonesian capital Jakarta is also the seat of ASEAN Secretariat. Other than serving their diplomatic missions for Indonesia, numerous of foreign embassies and diplomatic mission in Jakarta are also accredited to ASEAN. The presence of the ASEAN Headquarters has made Jakarta a diplomatic hub in Southeast Asia in some regards.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Indonesia's domestic troubles distracted it from ASEAN matters and consequently reduced its influence within the organisation. However, after the political and economic transformation, from the turmoil of 1998 Reformasi to the relatively open and democratic civil society with rapid economic growth in the 2010s, Indonesia returned to the region's diplomatic stage by assuming its leadership role in ASEAN in 2011. Indonesia is viewed to have weight, international legitimacy and global appeal to draw support and attention from around the world to ASEAN. Indonesia believes that ASEAN can contribute positively to the international community, by promoting economic development and co-operation, improving security, peace, the stability of ASEAN, and making the Southeast Asia region far from conflicts.^[2]

Indonesia's bilateral relations with three neighbouring ASEAN members—Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam—are not without challenges. If not appropriately managed, it would result in mutual mistrust and suspicion, thus hindering bilateral and regional co-operation. In the era of rising Indonesia, which might assert its leadership role within ASEAN, the problem could become more significant. Nevertheless, the rise of Indonesia should be regarded in the sense of optimism. First, although Indonesia is likely to become assertive, the general tone of its foreign policy is mainly liberal and accommodating. The consolidation of the Indonesian democratic government played a key role and influence in ASEAN. The second, institutional web of ASEAN will sustain engagements and regular meetings between regional elites, thus deepening their mutual understanding and personal connections.^[17]

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Indonesia also was one of the founders of NAM and has taken moderate positions in its councils. As NAM Chairman in 1992–95, it led NAM positions away from the rhetoric of north–south confrontation, advocating the broadening of north–south co-operation instead in the area of development. Indonesia continues to be a prominent, and generally constructive, leader of the Non-Aligned Movement.^{[citation needed]}

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population and is a member of OIC. It carefully considers the interests of Islamic solidarity in its foreign policy decisions but generally has been an influence for moderation in the OIC.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Indonesia has been a strong supporter of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. Mainly through the efforts of President Suharto at the 1994 meeting in Indonesia, APEC members agreed to implement free trade in the region by 2010 for industrialised economies and 2020 for developing economies. As the largest economy in Southeast Asia, Indonesia also belongs to other economic groupings such as G20 and Developing 8 Countries (D-8).

G20 major economies

In 2008, Indonesia was admitted as a member of the G20, as the only ASEAN member state in the group.^[18] Through its membership in the global economic powerhouse that accounted of 85% of the global economy,^[18] Indonesia is keen to position itself as a mouthpiece for ASEAN countries, and as a representative of the developing world within the G20.^[19] Bali, Indonesia had played host to the 2022 G20 Summit.

IGGI and CGI

After 1966, Indonesia welcomed and maintained close relations with the international donor community, particularly the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan, through the meetings of the Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia (IGGI) and its successor, the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which coordinated substantial foreign economic assistance. Problems in Timor and Indonesia's reluctance to implement economic reform at times complicated Indonesia's relationship with donors. In 1992 the IGGI aid coordination group ceased to meet and the coordination activities were transferred to meetings arranged by the World Bank through the CGI. The CGI, in turn, ceased activities in 2007 when the Indonesian government suggested that an internationally organised aid coordination program was no longer needed.

International disputes

Indonesia has numerous outlying and remote islands, some of which are inhabited by numerous pirate groups that regularly attack ships in the Strait of Malacca in the north,^[20] and illegal fishing crews known for penetrating Australian and Filipino waters.^[21] At the same time, Indonesian waters are the target of large-scale illegal fishing activities by foreign vessels.^[22]

Indonesia has some present and historic territorial disputes with neighboring nations, such as:

Ambalat Block in dispute with Malaysia (ongoing, overlapping EEZ line drawn by both countries)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands in dispute with Australia (ongoing, the islands known by Indonesians as Pulau Pasir)
Fatu Sinai Island (Pulau Batek) formerly disputed with East Timor (settled, East Timor ceded the island to Indonesia in August 2004)
Miangas Island formerly disputed with Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (settled, part of Dutch East Indies and now Indonesia's territory as of Island of Palmas Case)
Northern waters off Natuna Islands in dispute with China and Taiwan (ongoing; overlapping with Chinese nine-dash line claim)
Sipadan and Ligitan Islands formerly disputed with Malaysia (settled, part of Malaysia's territory per International Court of Justice's decision in 2002)

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Indonesia maintains diplomatic relations with:


#	Country	Date^[23]
1	Egypt	10 June 1947^[24]
2	Australia	5 March 1949^[25]
3	India	16 April 1949^[26]
4	Pakistan	17 August 1949^[27]
5	Belgium	3 October 1949^[28]
6	Netherlands	October 1949^[29]^[30]
7	Philippines	24 November 1949^[31]
8	Greece	28 November 1949^[32]
9	Myanmar	27 December 1949^[33]
10	United Kingdom	27 December 1949^[34]
11	United States	28 December 1949^[35]
12	Italy	29 December 1949^[36]
13	Norway	25 January 1950
14	Czech Republic	2 February 1950
15	Russia	3 February 1950
16	Denmark	15 February 1950
17	Romania	20 February 1950
18	Iraq	27 February 1950^[37]
19	Jordan	27 February 1950^[37]
20	Lebanon	27 February 1950^[37]
21	Syria	27 February 1950^[37]
22	Thailand	7 March 1950^[38]
—	Holy See	13 March 1950^[39]
23	China	13 April 1950
24	Saudi Arabia	1 May 1950^[40]
25	Afghanistan	20 May 1950^[41]
26	Turkey	30 July 1950^[42]
27	France	2 August 1950^[43]
28	Iran	25 August 1950^[44]
29	Portugal	13 September 1950^[45]
30	Sweden	23 November 1950^[46]
31	Switzerland	2 November 1951^[47]^[48]
32	Luxembourg	8 January 1952^[49]
33	Germany	25 June 1952^[50]
34	Sri Lanka	6 August 1952^[51]
35	Canada	23 August 1952^[52]
36	Brazil	March 1953
37	Mexico	6 April 1953
38	Finland	6 September 1954^[53]
39	Serbia	4 November 1954
40	Austria	20 November 1954^[54]
41	Hungary	26 June 1955^[55]
42	Poland	19 September 1955^[56]
43	Vietnam	30 December 1955^[57]
44	Argentina	30 July 1956^[58]
45	Bulgaria	20 September 1956^[59]
46	Mongolia	22 December 1956^[60]
47	Sudan	10 March 1957^[61]
48	Laos	30 August 1957^[62]
49	Malaysia	31 August 1957^[63]
50	Japan	20 January 1958
51	Spain	28 February 1958^[64]
52	New Zealand	28 June 1958
53	Cambodia	13 February 1959^[65]
54	Ghana	2 September 1959^[66]
55	Venezuela	10 October 1959
56	Cuba	22 January 1960
57	Morocco	19 April 1960^[67]
58	Guinea	27 April 1960^[68]
59	Tunisia	12 November 1960^[69]
60	Somalia	21 December 1960^[70]
61	Nepal	25 December 1960^[71]
62	Ethiopia	20 June 1961^[72]
63	Yemen	21 April 1962^[73]
64	Democratic Republic of the Congo	6 September 1963^[74]
65	Algeria	20 December 1963^[75]
66	Bolivia	1963
67	Tanzania	25 January 1964^[76]
68	North Korea	16 April 1964^[77]
69	Nigeria	5 March 1965^[78]
70	Mali	21 June 1965^[79]
71	Albania	18 August 1965^[80]
72	Chile	29 September 1965^[81]
73	Uruguay	11 October 1965^[82]
74	Liberia	1965^[83]
75	Singapore	7 September 1967^[84]
76	Kuwait	28 February 1968
77	Bangladesh	1 May 1972^[85]
78	South Korea	18 September 1973^[86]
79	Trinidad and Tobago	12 October 1973
80	Fiji	17 June 1974^[87]
81	Maldives	2 September 1974^[88]
82	Madagascar	13 December 1974^[89]
83	Peru	12 August 1975
84	Papua New Guinea	16 September 1975
85	Zambia	18 November 1975^[90]
86	Suriname	24 January 1976^[91]
87	United Arab Emirates	30 April 1976^[92]
88	Qatar	10 November 1976^[93]
89	Bahrain	1976^[94]
90	Bahamas	5 May 1977
91	Oman	5 December 1977^[95]
92	Panama	27 March 1979^[96]
93	Djibouti	6 September 1979^[97]
94	Kenya	15 October 1979^[98]
95	Malta	1 December 1979
96	Samoa	17 March 1980
97	Ecuador	29 April 1980
98	Colombia	15 September 1980
99	Senegal	3 October 1980^[99]
100	Paraguay	29 November 1981^[100]
101	Jamaica	17 December 1981
101	Gambia	30 May 1982^[101]
103	Gabon	3 June 1982^[102]
104	Ivory Coast	4 June 1982^[103]
105	Comoros	19 March 1983^[104]
106	Mauritius	27 May 1983^[105]
107	Iceland	13 June 1983
108	Solomon Islands	28 July 1983
109	Brunei	1 January 1984^[106]
110	Rwanda	16 January 1984^[107]
111	Ireland	4 September 1984
112	Costa Rica	9 January 1985
113	Seychelles	16 December 1985^[96]
114	Zimbabwe	14 August 1986^[108]
115	Cyprus	4 December 1987^[109]
116	Nicaragua	11 April 1988^[110]
117	Burundi	31 May 1988^[111]
118	Uganda	12 January 1989^[112]
—	State of Palestine	19 October 1989
119	Eswatini	12 April 1991^[113]
120	Namibia	13 May 1991^[114]
121	Federated States of Micronesia	16 July 1991
122	Mozambique	4 October 1991
123	Libya	17 October 1991
124	Grenada	28 February 1992
125	Guatemala	29 April 1992^[96]
126	Ukraine	11 June 1992
127	Cameroon	16 June 1992^[115]
128	Uzbekistan	23 June 1992^[116]
129	Burkina Faso	8 August 1992^[117]
130	Croatia	2 September 1992
131	Armenia	22 September 1992
132	Azerbaijan	24 September 1992^[118]
133	Slovenia	12 October 1992^[96]
134	Turkmenistan	10 December 1992^[55]
135	Slovakia	1 January 1993
136	Georgia	25 January 1993
137	Moldova	12 February 1993^[55]
138	Kyrgyzstan	5 April 1993^[119]
139	Marshall Islands	21 May 1993
140	North Macedonia	23 May 1993
141	Kazakhstan	2 June 1993^[120]
142	Belarus	18 June 1993
143	Estonia	5 July 1993^[55]
144	Lithuania	15 July 1993^[121]
145	Eritrea	2 August 1993^[122]
146	Latvia	25 August 1993^[55]
147	Lesotho	4 November 1993^[123]
148	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	30 November 1993
149	Saint Lucia	2 February 1994
150	Benin	10 March 1994^[124]
151	Bosnia and Herzegovina	11 April 1994
152	Dominica	19 April 1994
153	Tonga	27 May 1994
154	South Africa	12 August 1994^[96]
155	Tajikistan	27 August 1994^[125]
156	Sierra Leone	12 November 1994^[126]
157	Vanuatu	3 July 1995^[127]
158	Andorra	26 March 1996
159	Guinea-Bissau	12 December 1996^[128]
160	Honduras	24 September 1997^[96]
161	Liechtenstein	12 November 1998
162	Guyana	27 August 1999
163	Angola	7 August 2001^[129]
164	East Timor	2 July 2002^[130]
165	Republic of the Congo	2004^[131]
166	Togo	2006^[132]
167	Palau	6 July 2007
168	Monaco	17 December 2010^[133]
169	Dominican Republic	20 September 2011
170	Montenegro	21 September 2011
171	Niger	21 September 2011^[134]
172	Antigua and Barbuda	23 September 2011
173	El Salvador	23 September 2011^[55]
174	San Marino	26 September 2011
175	Mauritania	27 September 2011^[135]
176	São Tomé and Príncipe	27 September 2011^[55]
177	Bhutan	15 December 2011^[96]
178	Botswana	28 March 2012^[136]
179	Tuvalu	1 October 2012
180	Haiti	21 November 2012^[96]
181	Nauru	21 December 2012
182	Kiribati	8 May 2013
183	Saint Kitts and Nevis	30 January 2014
184	Belize	9 July 2014^[55]
185	Malawi	29 September 2014^[55]
186	Central African Republic	21 September 2016^[137]
187	Chad	22 September 2016^[138]
188	Equatorial Guinea	22 September 2016^[139]
189	Barbados	26 June 2019
—	Cook Islands	12 July 2019
—	Niue	12 July 2019
190	Cape Verde	18 March 2021^[140]
191	South Sudan	20 September 2022^[141]

Bilateral relations

ASEAN

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Brunei	1 January 1984	See Brunei–Indonesia relations The Republic of Indonesia established diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam on 1 January 1984. Brunei Darussalam was recognised by Indonesia in 1984. Although they do not share a direct land border, Indonesia and Brunei share the island of Borneo. Overall relations between the two countries were progressing well and that both sides continued to enjoy strong ties in a wide spectrum of co-operations; including trade and investment, tourism, agriculture, marine and fisheries, health, defence, transnational crimes, education, youth, culture and people-to-people contacts.^[142] Indonesia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan, while Brunei has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Group of 77, Asia Cooperation Dialogue and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Cambodia	13 February 1959	See Cambodia–Indonesia relations The relationship between ancient Indonesia and Cambodia dated back from the kingdom of Chenla and Javan Sailendra also Srivijaya; it was mentioned that king Jayavarman II had resided for some times in Java during the reign of Sailendras, and in 802 declare sovereignty of Cambodia from Java and proclaimed himself as universal monarch thus started the Angkor period.^[143] During the Sukarno reign in the 1960s, the president of Indonesia has visited Cambodia and vice versa prince Norodom Sihanouk also visited Indonesia. In 1992, Indonesia is among the countries that provides troops for United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia. Indonesia also supported Cambodia membership to ASEAN in 1999. Indonesia also among the countries that provide aid to Angkor restoration project, especially the three main gates of Angkor Royal Palace archaeological site near Phimeanakas site. Indonesia is also appointed as observer in Cambodian–Thai border dispute.^[144]^[145] Indonesia has an embassy in Phnom Penh, while Cambodia has an embassy in Jakarta.
Laos	30 August 1957	See Indonesia–Laos relations Since established diplomatic relations in 1957, both countries enjoy cordial relations. Indonesia has an embassy in Vientiane, while Laos has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia supported and welcomed Laotian membership to ASEAN in 1997. Laos and Indonesia agreed to enhance relations to focus on exploring the potential of both countries to co-operate on trade and investment. The two countries expressed a desire to reach further agreements relating to security, tourism, sport, air transport and education.^[146] Indonesia through bilateral co-operation assist Laos on capacity building and development in various sectors, through scholarships and trainings for Laotian students.^[147]
Malaysia	31 August 1957, severed diplomatic relations 15 September 1963, restored 31 August 1967	See Indonesia–Malaysia relations Despite fighting each other during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, Indonesia and Malaysia enjoy friendly relations. The populations of both countries have cordial relations and trade between the two countries has greatly increased over the years. Indonesia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and consulates general in Johor Bahru, George Town, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. Malaysia has an embassy in Jakarta, a consulate general in Medan and consulates in Pekanbaru and Pontianak. Indonesia and Malaysia has the same ethnic population that belongs to the Austronesian group and sharing the same language although minor differences in vocabulary. Both countries also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Cairns Group and Indian-Ocean Rim Association. Relations were deteriorated under President Sukarno, whose opposition to the formation of Malaysia led to a confrontation between the two countries. However, relations were restored following a government transition in Indonesia. Currently, both countries are in a territorial dispute over the oil rich islands of Ambalat. Previously, they were over territorial disputes over the islands of Ligitan and Sipadan, which were won by Malaysia. The Indonesian migrant workers (Indonesian: TKI/Tenaga Kerja Indonesia) have become the important issue between both countries. The problems concerning migrant workers such as illegal immigration, crime, human trafficking, abuse, poor treatment and extortion upon migrant workers. Since 2009 Indonesia has temporarily stop sending domestic workers to Malaysia until both countries agree on ways to protect them.^[148] Indonesia resumed sending migrant workers to Malaysia in May 2011 as both countries signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) about worker protection by the end of April 2011.^[149]
Myanmar	27 December 1949	See Indonesia–Myanmar relations Both Indonesia and Myanmar are promoting the two countries' trade volume. The trade volume is estimated to reach up to $1 billion in 2016.^[150] Indonesia has offered to purchase 300,000 tons of rice from Myanmar, with prospects of buying more in the future. Indonesia has an embassy in Yangon, while Myanmar has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia supports Myanmar's democratisation process.^[151]
Philippines	24 November 1949	See Indonesia–Philippines relations Indonesia and the Philippines are both archipelagic countries dominated by an ethnic population that belongs to the Austronesian group. Both countries established their bilateral and diplomatic relations in 1949. The Indonesian Government has opened its consular office in Manila but it was not until the mid-1950s that an embassy was established headed by an ambassador. Indonesia also has a consulate general in Davao City.^[152] The Philippines has an embassy in Jakarta and a consulate general in Manado. A treaty of friendship was signed in 1951. This Treaty constituted the basic relationship of both countries, covering several aspects such as maintenance of peace and friendship, settlement of disputes by diplomatic and peaceful means, traffic arrangements for citizens of both countries and activities to promote co-operation in the area of trade and cultural, which include the political, social-economic and security matters of both countries. Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group, G20 developing nations and the East ASEAN Growth Triangle together with Brunei and Malaysia. Both countries peacefully settled their maritime borders after 20 years of diplomatic talks. Both countries have high cooperation in fields of economy, tourism, culture, and defense.
Singapore	7 September 1967	See Indonesia–Singapore relations In August 2005, Singapore and Indonesia signed a memorandum of understanding to expand aviation rights between the two countries.^[153] On 3 October 2005, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong met Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Bali, just two days after the Bali bombings. They agreed to strengthen the fight against terrorism and also discussed co-operation in the fields of economy, trade and investment. Relations with Indonesia are generally good, though current outstanding issues include the bans on the export of sand, and granite;^[154] both of which Singapore's construction industry is reliant on. Indonesia has an embassy in Singapore. Singapore has an embassy in Jakarta and consulates general in Batam and Medan.^[155] Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Indian-Ocean Rim Association, Group of 77 and Asia Cooperation Dialogue.
Thailand	7 March 1950	See Indonesia–Thailand relations Indonesia and Thailand are viewed as natural allies.^[156] Indonesia is Thailand's third most important trade partner within ASEAN, with bilateral trade worth $8.7 billion in 2007.^[157] Trade between the two countries is set to grow over the years. Following the military takeover of the government in Thailand in May 2014, Indonesia supports the restoration of democracy in Thailand. Indonesia urged the military and civilian elements in Thailand to work together to quickly restore the political situation in Thailand.^[158] Indonesia has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate in Songkhla. Thailand has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Denpasar, Medan and Surabaya.^[159] Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group, Indian-Ocean Rim Association and G20 developing nations.
Vietnam	30 December 1955	See Indonesia–Vietnam relations Formal relations started in 1955 for the consulate general level. Soedibjo Wirjowerdojo (former chargé d'affaires of Indonesian Embassy in Peking, China from year of 1953–1955) was appointed to be The First Indonesian Consul General to Vietnam, and located in Hanoi. Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group, Group of 77 and CIVETS. President Megawati Sukarnoputri of Indonesia visited Vietnam in June 2003. At this time the two countries signed a "Declaration on the Framework of Friendly and Comprehensive Cooperation Entering the 21st Century". In May 2005 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia visited Vietnam. In the December of the same year festivities were organized in the respective capital cities to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties. Indonesia has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City.^[160] Vietnam has an embassy in Jakarta.

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Algeria	1963	See Algeria–Indonesia relations The relationship between two countries is mostly founded on common religious and anti-colonialism solidarity, as Indonesia and Algeria are Muslim-majority countries that also once fell under colonialism.^[161] Algeria recognised Indonesia's role on supporting their country on gaining independence in 1962. Both countries agreed on expanding co-operations and strengthening relations.^[162] Algeria has an embassy in Jakarta that also accredited to Singapore and Brunei Darussalam, while Indonesia has an embassy in Algiers. Both countries are members of the NAM, Group of 77 and OIC.
Angola	7 August 2001	See Angola–Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 2001.^[129] Indonesia supported Angola's fight against apartheid South Africa and its territorial integrity against separatist movements. Angola supported Indonesia's sovereignty over East Timor and its territorial claims in the South China Sea.^[163] Indonesia is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Windhoek, Namibia. Angola established an embassy in Jakarta in August 2023.^[164]
Botswana	28 March 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 2012^[136] Botswana is represented in Indonesia by its embassy in Canberra, Australia.^[165] Indonesia is represented in Botswana by its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.^[165]^[166]
Cameroon	16 June 1992	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1992^[115] Indonesia has an embassy in Yaoundé^[167] which has begun operations since 2024.^[168] Both nations are members of the Group of 77 and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Egypt	1947	See Egypt–Indonesia relations The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially acknowledged the Jam'iyya Istiqlâl Indonesia on 22 March 1946, as the representative of the self-claimed Indonesian Republican government. The Prime Minister of Egypt and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia signed the Treaty of Friendship and Cordiality between the two countries on 10 June 1947, beginning both diplomatic relationships. Indonesia has an embassy in Cairo and Egypt has an embassy in Jakarta since 25 February 1950. Gamel Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia were two of the five founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Both countries are members of the OIC, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the G20 developing nations.
Ethiopia	1961	See Ethiopia–Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961, followed by the opening of Indonesian embassy in Addis Ababa in 1964.^[169] Ethiopia has an embassy in Jakarta.
Kenya	1979	See Indonesia–Kenya relations Indonesia has an embassy in Nairobi, also accredited to Mauritius, Seychelles, and Uganda,^[170] while Kenya established an embassy in Jakarta in 2022.^[171] Both countries are partners in multilateral organisations, such as the WTO, IORA and NAM.
Liberia	1965	See Indonesia–Liberia relations The diplomatic relations was officially established in 1965, however it was not until 2013 that both leaders of each countries visited each other's to further the co-operations.
Libya	17 October 1991	See Indonesia–Libya relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1991^[172] Indonesia has an embassy in Tripoli and Libya has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are members of the OIC and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Madagascar	13 December 1974^[173]	See Indonesia–Madagascar relations The ancestors of Madagascar people came from Indonesia, sailed across Indian Ocean, back in early 8th to 9th century CE.^[174] Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo, while Madagascar has not established an embassy in Jakarta yet. Malagasy language and Indonesian language shared similar words, such as hand: ˈtananə (Malagasy), tangan (Indonesian); skin: ˈhulitse (Malagasy), kulit (Indonesian); white: ˈfuti (Malagasy), putih (Indonesian).
Mauritania	27 September 2011	Mauritania has an embassy in Jakarta.^[175] Indonesia is represented in Mauritania by its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.^[176] Both countries are full members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Morocco	1960	See Indonesia–Morocco relations Indonesia and Morocco shared similarity as Muslim-majority countries. Morocco praised Indonesia as a strong democratic nation, and pointed that both countries facing the same challenges of separatism and terrorism.^[177] Diplomatic relations were established in 1960. Indonesia has an embassy in Rabat and a consulate in Casablanca, while Morocco has an embassy in Jakarta. both countries are members of the WTO, NAM and OIC.
Mozambique	4 October 1991	See Indonesia–Mozambique relations Indonesia has an embassy in Maputo, also accredited to Malawi.^[178] Mozambique maintains an embassy in Jakarta, which also serves Malaysia, East Timor, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.^[179] The two countries have signed a preferential trade agreement in 2019.^[180]
Namibia	1991	See Indonesia–Namibia relations Indonesia has an embassy in Windhoek.^[181] Namibia is accredited to Indonesia from its high commission in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nigeria	5 March 1965	See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965^[78] Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja and Nigeria has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are members of the OIC, the Non-Aligned Movement, the G20 developing nations, and the Next Eleven.
Rwanda	16 January 1984	See Indonesia–Rwanda relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1984. Rwanda opened an embassy in Jakarta on 6 June 2024.^[182] Indonesia has a non-resident embassy in Dar es Salaam.
Senegal	3 October 1980	See Indonesia–Senegal relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1980.^[99] Indonesia recognizes Senegal's potential as its entrance to penetrate the West African market.^[183] Indonesia has opened an embassy in Dakar since 1982.^[184] Senegalese embassy in Kuala Lumpur is accredited to Indonesia. Both countries are members of the OIC and the Non-Aligned Movement.
South Africa	12 August 1994	See Indonesia–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1994^[185] Indonesia has an embassy in Pretoria and South Africa has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are members of the G-20 major economies, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Indian Ocean Rim Association and the G20 developing nations.
Sudan	10 March 1957^[61]	See Indonesia-Sudan relations During a visit by Sudanese Foreign Minister Ali Karti to Jakarta in February 2012, both countries have agreed to foster bilateral relations in politics, science, education and economic sectors.^[186] Indonesia has an embassy in Khartoum. Sudan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries have Muslim-majority population and both are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
South Sudan	20 September 2022	See Indonesia-South Sudan relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 September 2022^[141] Indonesia recognized South Sudan on 12 July 2011.^[187]
Tanzania	25 January 1964	See Indonesia–Tanzania relations The relations between Indonesia and Tanzania are mostly in agriculture sector, where Indonesia provides training for Tanzanian farmers.^[188] Indonesia has an embassy in Dar es Salaam, while Tanzania has an embassy in Jakarta.^[189] Both countries are members of multilateral organisations such as World Trade Organization (WTO), the Group of 77 and Non-Aligned Movement.
Tunisia	1960^[190]	See Indonesia–Tunisia relations Tunisia and Indonesia are partners in capacity building and partnership for democracy.^[191] Indonesia hails Tunisia as a shining example of democratic transition in Arab world.^[192] The diplomatic relations dated back to the 1950s when Indonesia supports Tunisian independence from France. Indonesia has an embassy in Tunis, while Tunisia has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are the member of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Zimbabwe	14 August 1986	See Indonesia–Zimbabwe relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1986^[108] The two nations signed a memorandum of understanding on the establishment of a joint commission on trade and investment in May 2011.^[193] Indonesia has an embassy in Harare. Zimbabwe has an embassy in Jakarta.

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Argentina	30 July 1956	See Argentina–Indonesia relations Since the diplomatic relations established in 1956, the bilateral relations between Argentina and Indonesia were becoming increasingly more strategic.^[194] Indonesia supports Argentina on the Malvinas issue.^[195] Argentina has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Buenos Aires. Both countries are members of Group of 77, the G-20 major economies, the G20 developing nations, and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation. Indonesia is the second-largest destination for Argentine exports to Asia after China, and the largest one in Southeast Asia. While Argentina is South America's second-largest importer of Indonesian products after Brazil.^[194]
Brazil	March 1950	See Brazil–Indonesia relations Brazil and Indonesia possess the largest tropical rainforest of the world^[196] that contains the world's richest biodiversity, which gave them a vital role in global environment issues, such as ensuring tropical forests protection.^[197] Both countries leading the list of megadiverse countries with Indonesia second only to Brazil.^[198] Brazil expects to expand its co-operation with Indonesia in many areas, including agriculture and high-technology industry.^[199] Both countries are members of World Trade Organization (WTO), Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the G-20 major economies. By the first quarter of the 21st century, both countries are expected to emerge as the rising global power.^[200]
Canada	3 March 1953	See Canada–Indonesia relations Canada has an embassy in Jakarta (World Trade Centre I).^[201] Indonesia has an embassy in Ottawa (55 Parkdale Avenue) and consulates-general in Toronto (129 Jarvis Street) and Vancouver (1630 Alberni Street).^[202] Both countries are full members of the G-20 major economies, of the Cairns Group and of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
Chile	29 September 1965	See Chile–Indonesia relations Chile has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Santiago.
Colombia	15 September 1980	See Colombia–Indonesia relations Colombia has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Bogotá. Both countries are members of CIVETS, the Cairns Group and the Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Cuba	1960	See Cuba–Indonesia relations During the administration Sukarno in the 1960s, Indonesia and Cuba enjoyed exceptionally close relationship.^[203] The relations between two countries mostly focused on sports and health.^[204] Cuba has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Havana that also accredited to the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica. Indonesia supports Cuba in the Guantanamo Bay issue. both countries are full members of Group of 77, NAM and FEALAC.
Ecuador	29 April 1980	See Ecuador-Indonesia relations Ecuador has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia opened an embassy in Quito on 11 November 2010.^[205]^[206] Both countries are members of the Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Mexico	1953	See Indonesia–Mexico relations Diplomatic relations between both nations were officially established in 1953. Indonesia has an embassy in Mexico City. Mexico has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries sees their counterpart as their strategic partners in each regions. Both countries are partners in multilateral organizations such as the WTO, FEALAC, APEC and G-20.
Panama	27 March 1979	See Indonesia-Panama relations Indonesia sees strategic and geographic importance of Panama as their gate to Central America as well as to reach the Caribbean region, while Panama has also recognized the strategic importance of Indonesia in ASEAN.^[207] Panama has an embassy in Jakarta Indonesia has an embassy in Panama City. Both countries are members of the Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Peru	12 August 1975^[208]	See Indonesia–Peru relations Both nations see each other as attractive markets with good prospects and potentials, and seek to boost trade relations.^[209]^[210]^[211] Indonesia has an embassy in Lima. Peru has an embassy in Jakarta.
Suriname	24 January 1976	See Indonesia–Suriname relations Indonesia and Suriname have a special relationship,^[212] based upon shared common history as former colonies of the Dutch Empire. Large numbers of Javanese migrated to Suriname to work on plantations during the late 19th and early 20th-centuries. Indonesia has an embassy in Paramaribo. Suriname has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries committed to expand and improve their relations covering trade, agriculture and cultural sectors. Indonesia and Suriname are partners in multilateral organisations such as the WTO and FEALAC.
United States	1949^[213]	See Indonesia–United States relations The United States has important economic, commercial, and security interests in Indonesia. It remains a lynchpin of regional security due to its strategic location astride a number of key international maritime straits, particularly the Malacca Strait. Relations between Indonesia and the US are positive and have advanced since the election of President Yudhoyono in October 2004. The US played a role in Indonesian independence in the late 1940s and appreciated Indonesia's role as an anti-communist bulwark during the Cold War. Cooperative relations are maintained today, although no formal security treaties bind the two countries. The United States and Indonesia share the common goal of maintaining peace, security, and stability in the region and engaging in a dialogue on threats to regional security. Cooperation between the US and Indonesia on counter-terrorism has increased steadily since 2002, as terrorist attacks in Bali (October 2002 and October 2005), Jakarta (August 2003 and September 2004) and other regional locations demonstrated the presence of terrorist organisations, principally Jemaah Islamiyah, in Indonesia. The United States has welcomed Indonesia's contributions to regional security, especially its leading role in helping restore democracy in Cambodia and in mediating territorial disputes in the South China Sea.
Venezuela	9 October 1959	See Indonesia–Venezuela relations Since the diplomatic relations established in 1959, Indonesia and Venezuela enjoy friendly ties.^[214] Indonesia supports Venezuela in the Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute.^[215] both countries agreed to expand the trade and investment relations, especially in tourism, technology, chemicals and natural gas sectors.^[216] Indonesia has an embassy in Caracas, while Venezuela has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia and Venezuela are partners in multilateral organisations such as the WTO, NAM and FEALAC.

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Afghanistan	20 May 1950	See Afghanistan–Indonesia relations Afghanistan has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia reopened its embassy in Kabul on 14 February 2022. Despite the embassy reopening, the Indonesian government remained not acknowledging the Taliban government.^[217] In January 2018, Indonesian president Joko Widodo visited Afghanistan.^[218]
Bahrain	23 June 1984	See Bahrain–Indonesia relations Bahrain sees Indonesia as an important market in ASEAN, while Indonesia sees Bahrain as one of the gates to enter Gulf Cooperation Council nations.^[219] Bahrain has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Manama.
Bangladesh	1 May 1972	See Bangladesh–Indonesia relations Indonesia is a country with the world largest Muslim population, whereas Bangladesh is the fourth largest Muslim country. Indonesia and Bangladesh are partners in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Indian-Ocean Rim Association and the Developing 8 Countries. Bangladesh has an embassy in Jakarta, whereas Indonesia has an embassy in Dhaka. Since the official bilateral relations were established in 1972, both countries enjoy cordial and friendly relations.
China	13 April 1950	See China–Indonesia relations Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative China and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 13 April 1950, which was suspended on 30 October 1967 due to the occurrence of the 30 September event of 1965. Indonesia also supports China on the Diaoyu (Senkaku) issue. The bilateral relations began to ease since the 1980s. Foreign Minister Qian Qichen of China met with President Suharto and State Minister Moerdiono of Indonesia in 1989 to discuss the resumption of diplomatic relations of the two countries. In December 1989, the two sides held talks on the technical issues regarding the normalisation of bilateral relations and signed the Minutes. Foreign Minister Ali Alatas of Indonesia visited China on invitation in July 1990 and the two sides issued the Agreement on the Settlement of Indonesia's Debt Obligation to China and the Communique on the Resumption of Diplomatic Relations between the two countries. The two countries issued the "Communiqué on the Restoration of Diplomatic Relations between the Two Countries". Premier Li Peng visited Indonesia on 6 August 1990. In his talks with President Suharto, the two sides expressed their willingness to improve relations on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence and the Ten Principles of the Bandung Conference. On 8 August 1990, the Foreign Ministers of China and Indonesia signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Resumption of Diplomatic Relations. The resumption of formal diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia was announced the same day. Both countries are members of the G-20 major economies and APEC.
Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China)		See Hong Kong–Indonesia relations Indonesia has a consulate general in Hong Kong located at Causeway Bay. The Hong Kong Economic & Trade Office in Jakarta represents Hong Kong in Indonesia.^[220] A memorandum of understanding on cultural co-operation and a joint statement on labour co-operation were signed between the two governments.^[221]
East Timor	2 July 2002	See East Timor–Indonesia relations East Timor (officially named the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) and Indonesia share the island of Timor. Indonesia invaded the former Portuguese colony in 1975 and annexed East Timor in 1976, maintaining East Timor as its 27th province until a United Nations-sponsored referendum in 1999, in which the people of East Timor chose independence. Following a United Nations interim administration, East Timor gained independence in 2002. Despite the traumatic past, relations with Indonesia are very good. Indonesia is by far the largest trading partner of East Timor (Approximately 50% of imports, 2005) and is steadily increasing its share. Problems to be solved include, East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee meetings to survey and delimit land boundary; and Indonesia is seeking resolution of East Timorese refugees in Indonesia.
India	2 February 1949	See India–Indonesia relations India and Indonesia are founding members of Non-Aligned Movement. India had supported Indonesian independence and Nehru had raised the Indonesian question in the United Nations Security Council. Indonesia views India as a "distant-cousin" and fellow fighter against colonialism. Indonesia's President Sukarno called for both nations to "intensify the cordial relations" that had existed "for more than 1,000 years" as crystallized in the Treaty of Friendship of March 1951.^[222] India and Indonesia had signed three security agreements in 1956, 1958 and 1960. India provided military assistance to Indonesia's counterinsurgency campaign in the 1950s.^[222] As part of India's Look East Policy both countries signed 2005 India-Indonesia Strategic Partnership Agreement which was a milestone in the bilateral relationship of both countries.^[222] India provides support and training for the Indonesian Air Force's Sukhoi fighter jet and pilots.^[222] India has an embassy in Jakarta^[223] and Indonesia operates an embassy in Delhi.^[224]
Iran	1950	See Indonesia–Iran relations Indonesia and Iran are Muslim-majority countries, despite the differences in its religious orientation. Indonesia has the largest Muslim Sunni population in the world, while Iran is a predominantly Shiite nation.^[225] As Islamic countries that have among the largest Muslim populations in the world, Iran and Indonesia hold themselves responsible for promoting Islam as a peaceful religion.^[226] Diplomatic relations has been established since 1950. Indonesia has an embassy in Tehran, and Iran has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are full members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), The Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and Developing 8 Countries. Jakarta had offered to help mediate the Iranian nuclear dispute, Jakarta is on good terms with Iran and other Middle East countries, as well as with the West.^[227]^[228]
Iraq	1950	See Indonesia–Iraq relations Indonesia and Iraq share similarity as Muslim-majority countries. Both countries share their experiences in rebuilding and development. Indonesia has an embassy in Baghdad, while Iraq has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are partners in multilateral organisations, such as World Trade Organization (WTO), The Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1950 and have signed around 15 agreements to boost bilateral ties. Indonesia has maintained its embassy in Baghdad during various crises, such as the Iraq-Iran War in the 1980s. However, at the height of the Iraq War, Indonesia was forced to temporarily closed its embassy in Baghdad in 2003, and reopen it in June 2011.^[229] In 2003, the Indonesian government and people protested against a US-led military campaign against Baghdad. Over 50,000 Indonesian people crowded the streets of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, on Sunday, 9 February 2003, to protest the United States' threat of military action against Iraq.^[230] After the war ended and Indonesia reopened its embassy in 2011, relations between the two countries have developed at a fast pace. Iraq invited Indonesia's companies to participate in the reconstruction of Iraq.^[231] Traditionally, Indonesia views Iraq as a source of energy resources, such as oil and gas. Iraqi people are familiar with Indonesian exported products such as: tires, soaps, spices, furniture, coal, clothing, palm oil, shoes, paper, automobiles, rubber, and electronic goods.
Israel	Informal relations	See Indonesia–Israel relations The two countries maintain no formal diplomatic ties, although they maintain limited trade, tourism and security relations.^[232]^[233]^[234]^[235] In 2005, Indonesia said that establishing full diplomatic ties with Israel will only be possible after peace with Palestine has been reached.^[236] In 2008, Indonesia signed a medical cooperation agreement with Israel's national emergency medical service worth US$200,000.^[237]
Japan	20 January 1958	See Indonesia–Japan relations Despite being invaded by Japan in World War Two, Indonesia enjoys friendly relations with Japan. Indonesia has an embassy in Tokyo and a consulate in Osaka. Japan has an embassy in Jakarta and consulates in Medan, Denpasar, Surabaya, and Makassar. Japan is Indonesia's largest export partner. Both countries are members of the G-20 major economies and APEC.
Jordan	1950	See Indonesia–Jordan relations Jordan and Indonesia often share similar stances upon issues in the Middle East, such as the Syrian conflict and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Indonesia is currently Jordan's largest trade partner in ASEAN.^[238] Jordan has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Amman that also accredited to Palestine. Both nations are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement. Jordan serves as the gate for Indonesian Muslim and Christian pilgrims wishing to visit the holy sites in Israel and Palestine.^[239]
Kazakhstan	2 June 1993	See Indonesia–Kazakhstan relations The relations started with Indonesia's recognition of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on 16 December 1991. Indonesia has an embassy in Astana. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are members of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
North Korea	16 April 1964	See Indonesia–North Korea relations Indonesia is one of the very few countries that still maintain cordial relations with North Korea, despite international sanctions and isolation applied upon North Korea concerning its human rights abuses and nuclear missile program. Indonesia has adopted what it calls a "free-and-active" foreign policy, which allows it to be consistent in counting on both Koreas as friends. Both countries share a relationship that dates back to the Sukarno and Kim Il Sung era in the 60s. Indonesia has an embassy in Pyongyang, while North Korea has an embassy in Jakarta. both countries are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 28% of Indonesians view North Korea's influence positively, with 44% expressing a negative view. This shows a deterioration from previous year's poll where 42% of Indonesians view North Korea's influence positively, with 29% expressing a negative view.^[240]^[241]
South Korea	17 September 1973	See Indonesia–South Korea relations Indonesia has an embassy in Seoul. South Korea has an embassy in Jakarta and a consulate in Denpasar.^[242] Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$14.88 billion. Both countries have invested in multiple joint military development projects including the KFX/IFX fighter jet. South Korea firm Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) is in final contract negotiations to supply Indonesia with three Type-209 submarines. This will be the largest ever bilateral defence deal valued at US$1.1 billion.^[243] Numerous K-pop performances, such as SMTown Live World Tour III and Music Bank World Tour, have been performed in Indonesia. Trade in National currencies and moving away from the US dollar.^[244]^{[citation needed]} Both countries are members of the G-20 major economies and APEC.
Kuwait	28 February 1968	See Indonesia–Kuwait relations Kuwait has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Kuwait City. The relations focused on economy and trade sectors, especially on energy (oil) and human resources (migrant workers).
Lebanon	1950	See Indonesia–Lebanon relations Lebanon has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Beirut. Both nations are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Mongolia	22 December 1956	See Indonesia–Mongolia relations Indonesia and Mongolia established diplomatic relations in 1956. Mongolia is planning to have a Center of Indonesian Studies, located in Mongolian National University. This institution will serve as a learning center for Mongolian students, professors and common people wishing to learn various aspects of Indonesian studies, includes language, culture, history, politics and economy.^[245] Mongolian embassy in Bangkok is accredited to Indonesia. Indonesia is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
Nepal	25 December 1960	See Indonesia–Nepal relations Since diplomatic relations were established in 1960, both countries enjoy friendly and cordial relations, although both parties have not established embassies in each counterparts' capitals. Indonesia only established an honorary consulate in Kathmandu, while its embassy in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is also accredited to Nepal. Nepal on the other hand accredited its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, also to Indonesia. Both the countries have many cultural proximities and similar view on international issues. Both countries are also partners and founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
Oman	1978	See Indonesia–Oman relations Oman has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Muscat that is also accredited to Yemen. Indonesia and Oman are Muslim majority countries and share same commitments in pursuing global peace and prosperity.^[246]
Pakistan	17 August 1949	See Indonesia–Pakistan relations Indonesia has its embassy in Islamabad^[247] and a consulate in Karachi Pakistan has its embassy in Jakarta^[248] and a consulate in Medan.^[249] Both countries are members of the Developing 8 (D-8) countries and the Next Eleven (N-11) Countries. They are also members of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Bilateral trade between the two countries currently stand at $800 million but both countries are looking at increase this to $2 billion.^[250] There is a preferential trade agreement between the two countries, in effect since 2013.^[251]
Palestine	19 October 1989	See Indonesia–Palestine relations Indonesia has a non-resident embassy in Amman. Palestine has an embassy in Jakarta.
Qatar	1976	See Indonesia–Qatar relations Qatar has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Doha. Indonesia and Qatar have both signed a number of memorandums of understanding in fields like air transport, tourism, and agricultural cooperation.^[252]
Saudi Arabia	1950	See Indonesia–Saudi Arabia relations Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate general in Jeddah. Both countries are the member of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and G-20 major economies. Indonesia sent the largest hajj pilgrims among Muslim-majority countries. The balance of trade is heavily in favour of Saudi Arabia, because of its oil and gas exports to Indonesia. Migrant worker abuse and death sentences faced by Indonesian workers in Saudi Arabia are the main problems that strained diplomatic relations between two countries.
Sri Lanka	6 August 1952	See Indonesia–Sri Lanka relations Indonesia and Sri Lanka are founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. Since the diplomatic relations were established in 1952, both countries enjoys cordial and friendly relationship Indonesia has an embassy in Colombo, while Sri Lanka has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are also members of the Group of 77 and the Indian-Ocean Rim Association.
Syria	1949	See Indonesia–Syria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949.^[253] Syria has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Damascus. In 2019, around 12,904 Indonesians reside in Syria.^[254] Both nations are members of Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77.
Taiwan	Informal relations	See Indonesia–Taiwan relations Indonesia and Taiwan (ROC) do not have diplomatic relations, both have only an unofficial relationship. Despite geopolitical constraints, the relations between two countries remain flourished over times, the opportunities for widening and deepening the relations have grown.^[255] In 2020, around 300,000 Indonesians reside in Taiwan.^[256] Indonesia has an Economic and Trade Office in Taipei. Taiwan has an Economic and Trade Office in Jakarta.
Turkey	1950^[257]	See Indonesia–Turkey relations Indonesia has an embassy in Ankara^[258] and a consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Jakarta.^[258] Both countries are members of D-8, G20, MIKTA, OIC and WTO. Trade volume between the two countries was US$1.85 billion in 2019 (Indonesian exports/imports: 1.64/0.21 billion USD.^[259] 2,400 Indonesian citizens reside in Turkey.^[258]
United Arab Emirates	1976	See Indonesia–United Arab Emirates relations The diplomatic relations between Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates are important because both share the solidarity as Muslim-majority countries, and both countries recognize the important role of each counterparts in the region. Since the diplomatic relations established in 1976, both country enjoy friendly and cordial relationship. Indonesia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi, while the United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are partners in multilateral organisations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Indonesia uses the UAE as the main gate to enter the Gulf and Middle East market, Indonesia's export to UAE is the largest in the Middle East. The Indonesian government has established the trade and investment representative office to promote its products in the United Arab Emirates and the entire Middle East region.
Uzbekistan	23 June 1992	See Indonesia–Uzbekistan relations On 28 December 1991, Indonesia has recognized the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the dissolved Soviet Union. Uzbekistan realized the strategic importance of Indonesia, home to the world's biggest Muslim population and Southeast Asia's biggest economy.^[260] Indonesia recognizes Uzbekistan's strategic importance as the gate to Central Asia, a growing economy and a potential market.^[261] Indonesia has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Yemen	21 April 1962	See Indonesia–Yemen relations Both countries share similarities as Muslim majority countries. They have many cultural proximities and similar view on international issues and these nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Islam came to Indonesia through Yemeni merchants, the indigenous ruled by Hindu kings converted by seeing the modest of Yemenis, Islam spread through trade in the Nusantara archipelago. Indonesia is represented in Yemen through its embassy in Muscat, Oman. Yemen has an embassy in Jakarta.^[262]

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Armenia	22 September 1992	See Armenia–Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1992.^[263] Armenia has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has a non-resident ambassador in Kyiv, Ukraine also accredited to Armenia,^[264] and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Austria	1954	See Austria–Indonesia relations Bilateral relations between Austria and Indonesia were officially established in 1954. Austria recognises Indonesia as a stable and reliable partner, and both countries enjoy excellent relations.^[265] The two countries have agreed to expand relations in business, trade and investment, tourism, culture, environment and green technology.^[266] Austria has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Vienna that is also accredited to Slovenia as well as the following multilateral organisations: IAEA, PrepCom CTBTO, UNODC and UNOOSA.
Azerbaijan	24 September 1992^[267]	See Azerbaijan–Indonesia relations On 28 September 1991, the Republic of Indonesia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.^[267] On 24 September 1992, diplomatic relations were established between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Indonesia.^[267] Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta.^[267] Indonesia has an embassy in Baku.^[267]
Belgium	1949	See Belgium-Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949 as Belgium was among the first European nations that recognized Indonesia. Belgium has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Brussels, also accredited to Luxembourg and the EU.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	11 April 1994	See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Indonesia relations Indonesian support for Bosnia and Herzegovina ranged from collecting donations, sending peacekeeping forces under United Nations, to building the Istiqlal Mosque in Sarajevo.^[268] Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Jakarta Indonesia has an embassy in Sarajevo
Bulgaria	21 September 1956	See Bulgaria–Indonesia relations Diplomatic relations started on 21 September 1956. Bulgaria has had an embassy in Jakarta since October 1958 Indonesia has had an embassy in Sofia Since 1960.^[269]
Croatia	3 September 1992	See Croatia-Indonesia relations Croatia sees Indonesia as one of the largest and the most influential nation in ASEAN, and recognized its potential as the gate to enter ASEAN markets.^[270] Vice versa, Indonesia also recognizes Croatian potential as a strategic gate to penetrate Balkans and European Union market.^[271] Croatia has embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has embassy in Zagreb. Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Indonesia
Cyprus	4 December 1987	See Cyprus–Indonesia relations Diplomatic relations were established on 4 December 1987^[109] Cyprus reopened its embassy in Jakarta in October 2023.^[272] Indonesia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.^[273]
Czechia	1950	See Czechia–Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1950.^[274] Czechia has an embassy in Jakarta that is also accredited to Brunei, East Timor, Singapore and ASEAN, and honorary consulates in Denpasar, Makassar and Surabaya. Indonesia has an embassy in Prague.
Denmark	15 February 1950^[275]^[276]	See Denmark–Indonesia relations Denmark has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Copenhagen.
Finland	6 September 1954	See Finland-Indonesia relations Finland has embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has embassy in Helsinki. Indonesia and Finland enjoy friendly relations. Finland played a key role in the peace talks to solve the insurgency in Aceh.
France	2 August 1950	See France–Indonesia relations Indonesia has an embassy in Paris. France has an embassy in Jakarta. Relations between France and Indonesia have been improving of late, while Indonesia has become increasingly strategic to the government and people of France. There are 110 French multinational companies operating in Indonesia.^[277] The relations between two countries are important as both are democratic republics and both have significant geopolitical influence in their regions. The diplomatic relationship between France and Indonesia is also a key element for developing relations between Indonesia and the European Union and between France and ASEAN.^[278] Both countries are the member of G-20 major economies.
Georgia	25 January 1993	See Georgia–Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1993. Georgia has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has a non-resident ambassador in Kyiv, Ukraine also accredited to Georgia.
Germany	25 June 1952^[279]	See Germany–Indonesia relations Indonesia and Germany have traditionally enjoyed good, intensive and wide-ranging relations. Germany and Indonesia, as the largest members of the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), respectively, take similar positions on many issues relating to the development of the two regional organisations.^[280] Indonesia has an embassy in Berlin. Germany has an embassy in Jakarta.
Greece	23 February 1958	See Greece–Indonesia relations Diplomatic relations started on 23 February 1958^[281] Indonesia has an embassy in Athens which was opened in 1994.^[282] Greece has an embassy in Jakarta which was opened in 1997.^[283] Greek Foreign Affairs Ministry about relations with Indonesia Archived 14 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Holy See (Vatican City)	13 March 1950	See Holy See–Indonesia relations Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim-majority country in terms of population, recognises Catholicism as one of its six approved religions. The Holy See has an Apostolic Nunciature in Jakarta,^[284] while Indonesia has an embassy in Rome.^[285] The Holy See recognised the Republic of Indonesia on 16 March 1950^[286] Official relations were established in 1950 with the status of Apostolic Internunciatur.^[287] In December 1965, the status changed to Nunciatur Apostolic. There have been two papal visits to Indonesia: those of Pope Paul VI in December 1970,^[288] and of Pope John Paul II in October 1989.^[289] From 3 to 6 September 2024, Pope Francis visited Indonesia.^[290]
Hungary	1955	See Hungary–Indonesia relations Diplomatic relations started in 1955.^[291] Indonesia has an embassy in Budapest which was opened in 1960.^[292] Hungary has an embassy in Jakarta which was opened in 1957, as well as honorary consuls in Bandung and Denpasar.^[291]
Iceland	13 June 1983	See Iceland–Indonesia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.^[293] Iceland has a non-resident embassy in Tokyo. Indonesia is represented in Iceland by its embassy in Oslo and an honorary consulate in Reykjavík.
Ireland	4 September 1984^[294]	See Indonesia–Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London and an honorary consulate in Dublin.
Italy	29 December 1949^[36]	See Indonesia–Italy relations Both countries have shown a strong desire to improve their relations, especially in intercultural understanding and trade.^[295] Indonesia recognises Italy's strategic location and important role in the Mediterranean region, while Italy has favoured relations with Indonesia, and sees Indonesia as the leader in Southeast Asia.^[296] The relations between two countries not only important to bridge the two regional communities; European Union and ASEAN, but also vital as intercultural and interfaith dialogue,^[297] Indonesia has an embassy in Rome. Italy has an embassy in Jakarta.
Kosovo	No formal diplomatic relations	See Indonesia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Indonesia's reaction to Kosovo's independence has been mixed. Indonesia does not recognize Kosovo's membership in some international organizations, including the World Bank.^[298]
Monaco	17 December 2010	See Indonesia–Monaco relations Due to the resemblance of the colors red and white on their flags,^[299] the Monégasque government asked Indonesia to modify its flag during the International Hydrographic Congress on 29 April 1952.^[300] Indonesia has a non-resident embassy in Paris.^[301] Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Jakarta.^[301]
Netherlands	October 1949	See Indonesia–Netherlands relations The Netherlands is the former colonial power, and handed over sovereignty in 1949.^[302] Indonesia has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands has an embassy in Jakarta.
Norway	25 January 1950	See Indonesia-Norway relations Both countries have agreed to establish a strategic partnership against poverty and climate change, and also in promoting democracy and tolerance.^[303] Norway has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Oslo.
Poland	19 September 1955	See Indonesia-Poland relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1955.^[304] Poland has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Portugal	4 January 1965^[305]	See Indonesia–Portugal relations In 1999, Indonesia and Portugal restored diplomatic relations, which were broken off following the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975. Indonesia has an embassy in Lisbon.^[306] Portugal has an embassy in Jakarta.^[307]
Romania	20 February 1950	See Indonesia-Romania relations Indonesia has an embassy in Bucharest.^[308] Romania has an embassy in Jakarta.
Russia	February 1950	See Indonesia–Russia relations Russia has an embassy in Jakarta.^[309] Indonesia has an embassy in Moscow along with a consulate general in Saint Petersburg.^[310] Both countries are also members of the G20 and APEC. Early in the Cold War, both countries had very strong relations with Indonesian president Sukarno visiting Moscow and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visiting Jakarta. When Sukarno was overthrown by General Suharto, relations between the two states were not as close as they were during Sukarno's times. In late 2007, Indonesia purchased military weapons from Russia with long term payment.
Serbia	1954	See Indonesia–Serbia relations Serbia has very close relations with Indonesia, especially within the fields of trade, culture and tourism. Indonesia has also voiced support for Serbia's territorial integrity over the Kosovo issue.^[311]
Slovakia	1 January 1993	Because of their long-standing cordial and cordial ties dating back to President Soekarno's administration, Indonesia was among the first nations to recognize the independence of the Slovak Republic.^[312] Both countries formally established their embassies in their respective capital cities, Jakarta and Bratislava, in 1995.^[312]
Spain	February 1958^[313]	See Indonesia–Spain relations Spain identifies Indonesia as a natural ally and has named Indonesia as one of their priority countries in their foreign relations with the Asian region.^[314] Indonesia supports Spain in the Gibraltar issue.^[215] Indonesia has an embassy in Madrid and consulates in Barcelona and Las Palmas, while Spain has an embassy in Jakarta and a consulate in Denpasar, Bali. Cooperation has expanded to various fields, from trade and culture to education and the defence technology sector.^[315] Since the 1980s, Spain and Indonesia have embarked on a strategic partnership in aeronautics technology. Spain's CASA and Indonesia's IPTN (formerly known as Nurtanio) co-designed and co-produced the CASA/IPTN CN-235 medium transport aircraft.
Sweden	1960	See Indonesia–Sweden relations Sweden has actively contributed in Aceh peace process and gave assistance to the tsunami reconstruction. Sweden has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Stockholm.
Switzerland	2 November 1951^[47]^[48]	See Indonesia–Switzerland relations In 2010, the heads of state of the two countries agreed to launch negotiations on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.^[316] Switzerland has named Indonesia as one of seven priority countries for economic development co-operation.^[317] Indonesia has an embassy in Bern, while Switzerland has an embassy in Jakarta, also accredited for East Timor and ASEAN. On 6 December 1973, the Indonesian and Swiss governments signed an agreement to establish Polytechnic for Mechanics within the Bandung Institute of Technology at Bandung.^[318] Today, the Swiss Mechanics Polytechnic has transformed into Bandung State Polytechnic for Manufacture.
Ukraine	11 June 1992^[319]	See Indonesia-Ukraine relations Joko Widodo meeting with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv on 29 June 2022 Indonesia recognised Ukraine's independence on 28 December 1991 and established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1992. In 2011, the total trade volume between two nations has reached US$1.27 billion, and increased to US$1.32 billion in 2012. The trade balances between two nations is in favour to Ukraine; the Indonesian export value to Ukraine in 2012 was US$548.9 million, while Indonesia's import value from Ukraine for the same year was US$774.1 million.^[320] During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Indonesian government provided additional aid to Ukraine through the Ukrainian Red Cross and expressed its commitment to assisting in reconstructing war-damaged hospitals.^[321]^[322]^[323] Indonesia has an embassy in Kyiv.^[324] Ukraine has an embassy in Jakarta.^[325]
United Kingdom	1949	See Indonesia–United Kingdom relations The United Kingdom and Indonesia have maintained strong links since formal relations were established in 1949.^[326] Indonesia has an embassy in London,^[327] the UK has an embassy in Jakarta and a consulate in Denpasar.^[328] The Culture and Tourism Ministry of Indonesia launched a campaign to boost the number of tourists from the UK entering Indonesia.^[327] In 2009, 160,000 British tourists visited Indonesia, the aim of the campaign was to boost this number to 200,000.^[327] In 2006 former British prime-minister Tony Blair met with Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono where they agreed upon "the establishment of a regular Indonesia-UK Partnership Forum to be chaired by the Foreign Ministers, to promote strategic dialogue on bilateral, multilateral and global issues".^[326] The first Indonesia-UK forum was held in 2007 and was chaired by British foreign minister Margaret Beckett and Indonesian foreign minister Hassan Wirajuda.^[326] In March 2010 members of the House of Lords praised Indonesia for its progress in democratising society, media freedom and environmental protection.^[329] In a meeting with Indonesian MP Hayono Isman, the Lords stated that they wanted to improve the relationship between the two countries.^[329]

Oceania

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australia	27 December 1949	See Australia–Indonesia relations Since Indonesian independence, the two countries have maintained mutual diplomatic relations, formalised co-operation (especially in the fields of fisheries conservation, law enforcement, and justice co-operation), a measure of security co-operation, broadening treaty relationships, co-membership of regional forums, and co-participation in several multilateral Treaties of significance. Trade between the two countries has grown over the years. Recent years have seen a deepening of Australia's aid commitment to Indonesia, and Australia has become a popular venue for Indonesian students.^[330] In 2008–09, Indonesia is the largest recipient of Australian aid at a value of AUD462 million.^[331] Indonesia has an embassy in Canberra and consulates general in Melbourne, Perth and Sydney, While Australia has an embassy in Jakarta and consulates in Medan, Makassar, Surabaya and Denpasar.
Fiji	1974	See Indonesia–Fiji relations Fiji has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Suva.
New Zealand	28 June 1958	See Indonesia–New Zealand relations Having common interests as democracies and neighbours in the Asia-Pacific region, New Zealand and Indonesia are viewed as natural partners.^[332] Both countries are members of APEC. Indonesia and New Zealand officially established diplomatic relations in 1958, the diplomatic and economic ties have grown stronger ever since. New Zealand has an embassy in Jakarta and Indonesia has an embassy in Wellington. Indonesia's commodity exports to New Zealand consist mainly of energy products and minerals as well as lumber and agriculture, while New Zealand's commodity exports to Indonesia mainly consist of dairy products and meats, such as beef, milk, and cheese.
Cook Islands and Niue (States in free association within New Zealand)	13 July 2019	See Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue Indonesia established diplomatic relations with both the Cook Islands and Niue on 13 July 2019 as a move to strengthen its ties with the Pacific Islands region.^[333]^[334]
Palau	6 July 2007	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 2007.^[335] Indonesia shares a maritime border with Palau. Both countries represent each other through their respective embassies in Manila, Philippines.
Papua New Guinea	16 September 1975	See Indonesia–Papua New Guinea relations Indonesia shares a 760-kilometre (470 mi) border with Papua New Guinea through its Papua, Highland Papua and South Papua provinces. The common border has raised tensions and ongoing diplomatic issues^[which?] over many decades.^[336] Indonesia has an embassy Port Moresby and a consulate in Vanimo. Papua New Guinea has an embassy in Jakarta and a consulate general in Jayapura.
Solomon Islands	28 July 1983	See Indonesia–Solomon Islands relations Bilateral relations severed in 2016 as during the United Nations General Assembly of said year, Solomon Islands Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare alleged the human rights violations in the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua, and also push for the independence of the said provinces. Indonesia has a non-resident embassy in Port Moresby. The Solomon Islands has an embassy in Jakarta.
Vanuatu	3 July 1995	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1995.^[127] Bilateral relations are strained as Vanuatu is one of the key allies of the Free Papua Movement.^[337]^[338] Indonesia is represented in Vanuatu through its embassy in Canberra, Australia. Vanuatu has announced plans to open an embassy in Jakarta.^[339]

International organisation participation

Notes

^ Bevins, Vincent (2020). The Jakarta method : Washington's anticommunist crusade & the mass murder program that shaped our world. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-5417-4240-6. OCLC 1117633696. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Jafar M Sidik (7 December 2011). "Indonesia successfully takes ASEAN to greater height". Antara News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
^ Fels, Enrico (2017). Shifting Power in Asia-Pacific? The Rise of China, Sino-US Competition and Regional Middle Power Allegiance. Springer. pp. 697–747. ISBN 978-3-319-45689-8. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
^ Rizal Sukma, "The evolution of Indonesia's foreign policy: an Indonesian view." Asian Survey 35.3 (1995): 304–315 online Archived 6 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
^ John Saltford, "United Nations involvement with the act of self-determination in West Irian (Indonesian West New Guinea) 1968 to 1969." Indonesia 69 (2000): 71–92. online Archived 17 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine
^ Lorenz M. Lüthi, "The Non-Aligned Movement and the Cold War, 1961–1973." Journal of Cold War Studies 18.4 (2016): 98–147 online Archived 18 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Dewi Fortuna Anwar, Indonesia in ASEAN : foreign policy and regionalism (1994)
^ Dewi Fortuna Anwar, "Reinvention in Indonesia's foreign policy strategy." East Asia Forum Quarterly 5#4 (2013) online.
^ Terence Lee, "The armed forces and transitions from authoritarian rule: Explaining the role of the military in 1986 Philippines and 1998 Indonesia." Comparative Political Studies 42.5 (2009): 640–669. online^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ James Cotton, East Timor, Australia and regional order: intervention and its aftermath in Southeast Asia (2004) online Archived 15 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
^ McRae, Dave (2019). "Indonesia's South China Sea Diplomacy: A Foreign Policy Illiberal Turn?". Journal of Contemporary Asia: 1–21. doi:10.1080/00472336.2019.1601240. S2CID 159426143. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
^ Francisco Galamas, "Terrorism in Indonesia: an overview." Research Papers 4.10 (2015) online^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
^ Lili Yan et al. The Indonesian Economy: Trade and Industrial Policies (Taylor & Francis, 2018)
^ Mariah Measey, "Indonesia: a vulnerable country in the face of climate change." Global Majority E-Journal 1.1 (2010): 31–45. online Archived 20 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
^ Ralf Emmers, "The role of middle powers in Asian multilateralism." Asia Policy 25.4 (2018): 42–47 extract.
^ Dewi Fortuna Anwar (2010), "The Impact of Domestic and Asian Regional Changes on Indonesian Foreign Policy", Southeast Asian Affairs, 2010: 132, JSTOR 41418562
^ Roberts, Christopher B. (2015). Christopher B. Roberts; Ahmad D. Habir; Leonard C. Sebastian (eds.). Indonesia's Ascent: Power, Leadership, and the Regional Order, Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 259–260. ISBN 978-1-137-39741-6. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b Muhtar Lutfi (18 November 2014). "Does the G20 matter for Indonesia?". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
^ Weck, Winfried (February 2011). "ASEAN and G20 – Indonesia 's Foreign Policy Perspectives" (PDF). KAS International Reports. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Resurgence of piracy on tsunami-hit seas". 11 May 2005. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ afma.gov.au Archived 13 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine; abc.net.au Archived 6 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
^ Diplomat, Prashanth Parameswaran, The. "Indonesia's War on Illegal Fishing Continues With New Sinkings". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Kerja Sama Bilateral" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ "Sejarah Hubungan Indonesia Mesir". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
^ "President Jokowi Highlights Four Main Points to Strengthen Indonesia-Australia Bilateral Ties". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ "Celebration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Indonesia on April 16, 2024". Indian Council For Cultural Relations. 19 April 2024. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
^ "Ambassador's Message on 61st Independence Day of Indonesia". Kbri-islamabad.go.id. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
^ "Celebrating 70th Year of Diplomatic Relation: Belgium and Indonesia intensify collaborations". 3 October 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ "2.05.189 Inventaris van het archief van het Hoge Commissariaat van Nederland in Indonesië (Jakarta)" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ Fennema; Rhijnsburger (2007). Dr. Hans Max Hirschfeld: man van het grote geld (in Dutch). Bert Bakker. p. 235.
^ "Briefer: Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Indonesia". Official Gazette of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^ "Celebrating 75 Years of Indonesia-Greece Relations: "Indonesia Expo 2024" Indonesia and Greece: The Relationship and Beyond". 30 July 2024. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
^ "Indonesia-Myanmar Bilateral Relations". Embassy of Republic of Indonesia, Yangon, Myanmar. Embassy of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^ "This year, we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of UK-Indonesia diplomatic relations on 27 December 2019". British Embassy Jakarta in Facebook. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
^ "Indonesia, US commemorate 70 years of diplomatic relations". ANTARA News. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Italia" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "70 years of Indonesia – Jordan relations towards a genuine and solid partnership". The Jordan Times. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ "สาธารณรัฐอินโดนีเซีย (Indonesia)" (in Thai). Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
^ "Bilateral Relations between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
^ British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950. University Publications of America. 1999. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
^ "Turkey, Indonesia to forge closer ties in various fields". ANTARA News. 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). Diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
^ "Iran- Indonesia 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations 7th Iran-Indonesia Policy Planning Dialogue". Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Jakarta. 27 August 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
^ "Javanese Gamelan Music Resounds at Diplomatic Reception in Lisbon, Portugal". 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
^ "Nov 17, 2020". Embassy of Sweden in Jakarta in Facebook. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Was die Schweiz mit Indonesien verbindet". eda.admin.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft". Botschaft der Republik Indonesien in Bern, Schweiz (in German). Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ "Bulletin d'information_1952_1-2" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
^ "Steinmeier paid visit to commemorate Indonesia-Germany ties: Jokowi". ANTARA News. 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "Indonesian Ambassador and Sri Lankan Minister of Justice Encourage Mutual Visits Sri Lankan-Indonesian Buddhist Priests". Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "Indonesian Foreign Minister R.M. Marty M. Natalegawa visited Ottawa Aug. 23 and made a speech to mark the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Canada and Indonesia. He's shown with Indonesian Ambassador Dienne Moehario (Photo: Ulle Baum)". Diplomat & International Canada. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
^ "Finland and Indonesia". Finland Abroad. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "Today We Are Celebrating The 65th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Indonesia". Austrian Embassy - Jakarta, Indonesia in Facebook. 20 November 2019. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Diplomasi Indonesia 2014" (PDF) (in Indonesian). pp. 64–135. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
^ "Indonezja" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
^ "The 65th Anniversary of the Diplomatic Relations of Indonesia and Vietnam". Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "Argentina". Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
^ "Peringatan 50 tahun Hubungan Diplomatik Republik Indonesia-Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 22 Desember 2006" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 26 November 2014.
^ ^a ^b Sudan Almanac. Egypt. Maṣlaḥat al-Misāḥah. 1959. p. 36.
^ "Indonesia Congratulates Laos for ASEAN Chairmanship". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "Bilateral Cooperation – Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Indonesia. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
^ "Congratulations Muhammad Hasannudin! His logo #Spain60nesia is the winner of the Logo Competition celebrating the 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations between Spain and Indonesia". España en Indonesia on X. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ "Indonesia-Cambodia to Further Elevate Cooperation in Celebration of 65 Years of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "Pertemuan Bilateral Presiden RI dengan Presiden Ghana di Hotel Mulia Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali, 2 September 2024". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
^ "Indonesia – Morocco 50 Years of Friendship Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
^ News from Hsinhua News Agency Daily bulletin · Issues 834-847. 1960. p. 65. ...Indonesia , Guinea to exchange ambassadors Conakry, April twentyseventh Chsinhua) - Indonesia and the Republic of Guinea decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level ...
^ "The 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations of Indonesia — Tunisia". KBRI Tunis on Facebook. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ "Our Diplomatic Relations". Government of Somalia. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^ "Bolstering Nepal-Indonesia ties". Nepal Khabar. 25 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
^ "Ethiopia, Indonesia Celebrate 60th Anniversary Of Diplomatic Relations". Fana Broadcasting Corporate S.C. 20 June 2021. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^ Mideast Mirror. 1962. p. 23.
^ "Marsudi receives maiden visit of DR Congo high-ranking official". 6 September 2018. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
^ "Indonesia and Algeria to Strengthen Economic Cooperation". Voice of Indonesia. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^ "60 Years of Indonesia-Tanzania Relations, 4 MoUs Agreed". Kompas.id. 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 265.
^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 335.
^ News from Hsinhua News Agency: daily bulletin, 2776–2790. 1965. p. 35.
^ "Relaiones Diplomáticas de Chile Con Los Países de La Cuenca del Pacifico" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
^ "Uruguay to Open Embassy in Indonesia". Magz Tempo. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
^ "Liberia". Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
^ "Singapore establishes diplomatic relations with Indonesia – Singapore History". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
^ "BANGLADESH-INDONESIA: 50 YEARS OF THE BILATERAL RELATION". 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ "Indonesia - Korea Special Strategic Partnership". sspyoungprolab.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
^ "Bula Vinaka! Today is the 50th anniversary of Fiji🇫🇯 and Indonesia's🇮🇩 friendship". Indonesia Embassy Suva on X. 17 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
^ "Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
^ "Hubungan Indonesia Madagaskar" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ Asian Almanac Volume 14. V.T. Sambandan. 1976. p. 7628.
^ "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
^ "UAE and Indonesia 45 years of cooperation strategic relationships and growing partnerships". UAE international Investors Council. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ "Colourful cultural show at Indonesian reception". Qatar Tribune. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ "Indonesia, Bahrain agree to increase economic cooperation". ANTARA News. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
^ Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Diplomatic relations between Indonesia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ Farah, Gaouad (1982). La République de Djibouti: naissance d'un Etat : chronologie (in French). Imprimerie Officielle. p. 145.
^ "Indonesian Embassy in Nairobi celebrates 45 years of Indonesia-Kenya relations with events in Jakarta and Bandung". Capital News. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Senegal". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Dakar, Senegal. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
^ "Relaciones Bilaterales Indonesia – Paraguay" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
^ "Perkembangan dan peluang kerjasama bilateral Indonesia-Gambia" (in Indonesian). 2001. p. 11. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
^ Le mois en Afrique Issues 200–204 (in French). 1982. p. 283.
^ Africa Research Bulletin: Political, social, and cultural series. Blackwell. 1982. p. 6505.
^ Asian Almanac: Weekly Abstract of Asian Affairs. V.T. Sambandan. 1983. p. 11803.
^ Daily Report: Asia & Pacific – Issues 106–116. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1983.
^ "Indonesia". Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ Daily Report: Asia & Pacific – Issues 11–21. The Service. 1984.
^ ^a ^b "Keterangan Dasar Negara Republik Zimbabwe". kemlu.go.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Ministry Foreign Affairs of Cyprus" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
^ Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Part III. Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. 1988. p. 7.
^ Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, Volume 21. Africana Publishing Company. 1988. p. 281.
^ "KBRI Nairobi – Uganda". Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
^ "Swaziland: Capaian Hubungan Bilateral". Kedutaan besar Republik Indonesia Pretoria, Afrika Selatan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
^ "[FKP hosted by Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Windhoek] Thirty years of Indonesia-Namibia diplomatic relations: towards a dynamic economic partnership". Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
^ ^a ^b Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens – Issues 2434–2446. 1992. p. 1758.
^ "Indonesia and Uzbekistan Commemorates 30 Years of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ Pewarta Departemen Luar Negeri RI. – Issues 57–64 (in English and Indonesian). Indonesia. Departemen Luar Negeri. 1991. p. 106.
^ "BILATERAL RELATIONS". Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
^ "Indonesia and Kyrgysztan Commemorate the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ "Indonesia-Kazakhstan ties: To make the dream come true". Embassy of The Republic of Indonesia in Astana. Archived from the original on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
^ "Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
^ Eritrea Update. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992. p. 2. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
^ "Lesotho". Kedutaan besar Republik Indonesia Pretoria, Afrika Selatan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
^ Pewarta Departemen Luar Negeri RI (in Indonesian). Vol. 69–72. p. 75.
^ "Relations of Tajikistan with Indonesia". Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ "Sierra Leone". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Dakar, Senegal (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
^ ^a ^b Indonesia, an Official Handbook. 1996. p. 81.
^ "Profile". kemlu.go.id. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b "International relations". The Angolan Mission Observer. 1 (1): 6. 1996.
^ "Menlu Retno Bertemu Menlu Timor Leste, Ini yang Dibahas". 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ "Congo, Republic". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^ "Togo". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
^ "Actus de Monaco" (in French). Podcast Journal. 29 March 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
^ "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of the Republic of Niger" (PDF) (in Indonesian, French, and English). 21 September 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
^ "Indonesia dan Muritania Sepakat Tingkatkan Hubungan Diplomatik". Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Indonesia dan Bostwana Buka Hubungan Diplomatik". internasional.kompas.com (in Indonesian). 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
^ "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Central African Republic" (PDF) (in Indonesian and French). 21 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
^ "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of Chad" (PDF) (in Indonesian and French). 22 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
^ "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea" (PDF) (in Indonesian). 22 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ "Indonesia Tingkatkan Kerja Sama Pariwisata dengan Cape Verde". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 22 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Indonesia, South Sudan Officially Open Diplomatic Relations". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
^ Sally Piri and Quratul-ain Bandial (12 April 2013). "Brunei and Indonesia reaffirm bilateral cooperation". bt.com.bn. The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
^ Widyono, Benny (2008). Dancing in Shadows. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5553-2. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Thailand, Cambodia Agree to Indonesian Observers at Border". VOA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "RI ready to send observers to Cambodia, Thailand". Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Laos, Indonesia to focus relations on trade and investment". laopdr.gov.la. National Portal of Laos PDR. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
^ "Current Socio Culture Relations". Embassy of Republic of Indonesia, Vientiane, Laos. Embassy of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
^ "Indonesia to halt sending workers to Malaysia". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
^ "Indonesia to resume sending workers to Malaysia: minister". Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ Maierbrugger, Arno (17 April 2013). "Myanmar, Indonesia target $1b trade". Inside Investor. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
^ Lang, Jarno (22 May 2012). "Indonesia-Myanmar Relations: Promoting Democracy in South-East Asia". fairobserver.com. Fair Observer. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^ "Consulate General of The Republic of Indonesia Davao City The Republic of the Philippines". Kementerian Luar Negeri Repulik Indonesia. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
^ Asha Popatlal (8 August 2005). "Singapore and Indonesia sign MOU to expand air links". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
^ "Indonesia may ban granite exports". Antara News. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009.
^ "Consulate-General of the Republic of Singapore in Medan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
^ Chongkittavorn, Kavi (3 August 2010). "Indonesia and Thailand: An emerging natural alliance". The Nation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
^ "Thai PM in Jakarta to promote bilateral trade". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ Yohanna Ririhena (24 May 2014). "RI calls for restoration of democracy in Thailand". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
^ "Royal Thai Honorary Consulates in Indonesia". Royal Thai Embassy, Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
^ "Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia, Ho Chi Minh City, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
^ "Bilateral Cooperation – Algeria". Ministry of Foreign Affair, Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ tas (28 June 2012). "Algeria to strengthen relations with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ "Indonesia dan Angola bertekad perkuat hubungan dagang". Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
^ "MKRI Signs MoU with Constitutional Courts of Mongolia and Angola". The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Missions | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
^ "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Pretoria Accredited to the Republic of Botswana, Kingdom of Eswatini, and the Kingdom of Lesotho South Africa". Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
^ "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon". Retrieved 29 October 2024.
^ "INDONESIA'S NEW CAMEROON EMBASSY AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REGION". USC Center on Public Diplomacy. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
^ "Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia-Ethiopia" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affair of Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
^ "Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia-Kenya" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^ "Kenya opens embassy in Jarkata, urges business community to tap into Indonesia's market". The Standard. 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
^ Asian Yearbook of International Law, 1992. Springer Netherlands. 1994. p. 297.
^ "Hubungan Indonesia Madagaskar (in Indonesian)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
^ "History of Madagascar". Lonely Planet.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
^ "Biography of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Mauritanians Abroad, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed". Mauritanian embassy Jakarta. ministere des affaires etrangeres Mauritanie. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
^ "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Rabat, Accredited to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania the Kingdom of Morocco". Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
^ Veeramalla Anjaiah and David Stone-Resneck (24 January 2009). "Moroccan ambassador says democracy in RI will endure". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, Maputo, Mozambique" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
^ "Official website of the Embassy of the Republic of Mozambique in Jakarta, Indonesia". Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
^ "Indonesia, Mozambique sign new trade deal". Reuters. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
^ "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Windhoek, Republic of Namibia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
^ "Rwanda opens embassy in Indonesia, bilateral cooperation established". TheJakartaPost. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
^ "Indonesia Jajaki Pasar Afrika Barat Lewat Senegal dan Gambia" (in Indonesian). The President Post. 11 November 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ B Kunto Wibisono (19 May 2013). "Senegal intends to buy two CN-235-220s". Antara News. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ "Afrika Selatan". Kedutaan besar Republik Indonesia Pretoria, Afrika Selatan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
^ Ruslan Burhani (24 February 2012). "Sudan-Indonesia tingkatkan hubungan bilateral" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
^ "RI recognizes newly-born South Sudan". Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
^ "Indonesian Experts: Re-active for Farmers' Agriculture and Rural Training Center (FAR-TC) in Tanzania". State Secretariat The Republic of Indonesia. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
^ "Ambassadors | Tanzania Foreign Ministry Official List". tzembassy.go.tz. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
^ Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat (7 November 2017). "Indonesia-Tunisia Relations: From Trade to Democracy". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
^ "Indonesia–Tunisia Capacity Building Partnership for Democracy". Institute for Peace and Democracy. 10–16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ "Editorial: Tunisia's shining example". The Jakarta Post. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ "Zimbabwe: Nation, Indonesia to Strengthen Trade, Investment Relations". All Africa. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
^ ^a ^b Ezra Sihite (17 January 2013). "Indonesia, Argentina to Increase Bilateral Cooperation". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ Veeramalla Anjaiah (12 September 2012). "Argentina eyes strategic partnership with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "Tropical Rainforest". internetgeography.net. Internet Geography. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^ Alister Doyle (24 August 2012). "Oslo urges Brazil, Indonesia to keep forest protection". reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^ "Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report): The meaning, significance and implications of biodiversity (Megadiverse countries)". Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ Linda Yulisman (5 October 2011). "Brazil hopes to forge closer links with Indonesia". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^ Awidya Santikajaya (7 February 2013). "Emerging Indonesia and its global posture". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^ "Canadian embassy in Jakarta". Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
^ "Indonesian embassy in Ottawa". Indonesia-ottawa.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
^ Ramadhian Fadillah (13 June 2012). "Soekarno soal cerutu Kuba, Che dan Castro" (in Indonesian). Merdeka.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ Anne Tang (22 January 2010). "Indonesia, Cuba celebrate 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties". Xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ "The Opening of the Indonesian Embassy in Quito Is Believed to Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^ "Hubungan Diplomatik Indonesia-Ekuador" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^ Aditia Maruli (13 September 2012). "Indonesia – Panama menuju kerja sama ekonomi yang strategis" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
^ "Country Profile and Bilateral Cooperation, Republic of Peru". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Lima. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
^ Veeramalla Anjaiah (13 October 2012). "Peru cozying up to 'attractive' Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
^ Carrasco-Villanueva, Marco; Wong-Ramírez, Sailin (2013). Relación comercial Perú-Indonesia análisis y proyecciones (in Spanish). Lima: UPC.
^ Manuel Vigo (19 March 2012). "Peru and Indonesia agree to boost trade relations". Peru This Week. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
^ "Indonesia, Suriname set for stronger cooperation". The Jakarta Post. 19 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
^ "Indonesia – Countries – Office of the Historian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
^ Veeramalla Anjaiah (3 July 2009). "Venezuela, RI celebrate 50 years of friendly ties". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b Veeramalla Anjaiah (12 September 2012). "Argentina eyes strategic partnership with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "Venezuela, RI to improve trade, investment relations". The Jakarta Post. 14 April 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
^ Media, Kompas Cyber (14 February 2022). "Indonesia Kembali Lakukan Misi Diplomatik di Afghanistan". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
^ "Jokowi arrives in Kabul as city on high alert". The Jakarta Post. 29 January 2018. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
^ Yuni Arisandy (14 March 2013). "DPR segera bentuk GKSB Parlemen Indonesia-Bahrain" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
^ "LCQ14: Privileges and immunities granted to Hong Kong ETOs". Info.gov.hk. 24 November 2010. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^ "CE meets Indonesian president". news.gov.hk. 1 May 2017. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Supriyanto, Ristian Atriandi (31 May 2013). "The Unfulfilled Promise of Indonesia-India Defense Ties". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^ "Embassyofindiajakarta.org". Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Indonesian Embassy – New Delhi". Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
^ Yon Machmudi. "Cultural Cooperation between Indonesia and Iran:Challenges and Opportunities". Academia.edu. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ Priyambodo RH (19 March 2012). "RI-Iran relations have no limit". Antara News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ Breffni O'Rourke (12 May 2006). "Iran finds an ally in Indonesia". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 20 May 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Indonesia offers Iran mediation". BBC. 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ "RI embassy in Baghdad resumes activity". The Jakarta Post. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "Indonesians protest against Iraq war". CNN.com. 9 February 2003. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ Heru (4 July 2012). "Indonesia invited to participate in reconstruction of Iraq". Antara News. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "Representatives from Indonesia, Israel sign medical agreement". Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Indonesia condemns Israeli offensive". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Indonesia rules out diplomatic ties with Israel, reaffirms pro-Palestine stand". Forbes. 13 October 2005.^{[dead link‍]}
^ Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat (11 March 2015). "The Quiet Growth in Indonesia-Israel Relations". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
^ "Indonesia-Israel ties said "possible"". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 20 September 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
^ Nafik, Muhammad (7 November 2008). "Representatives from Indonesia, Israel sign medical agreement". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
^ Maya Sofia, Nila Chrisna Yulika (24 February 2014). "Tingkatkan Kerjasama, Raja Yordania Kunjungi Indonesia, Indonesia merupakan mitra dagang terbesar Yordania di ASEAN" (in Indonesian). Viva news. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ Wahyuni Kamah. "Jordan – a 'hospitable' gate for Indonesians". Civil Society Organizations in Jordan. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ 2014 World Service Poll Archived 2 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC
^ 2013 World Service Poll Archived 10 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine BBC
^ "Konsulat Republik Korea di Bali". overseas.mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific". mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
^ "South Korea, Indonesia sign pact to shift away from dollar". The Nigerian Observer. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
^ Rini Utami (3 May 2013). "Universitas Mongolia akan dirikan pusat kajian Indonesia". Antara News (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
^ Sukanto (3 November 2013). "A new era in Indonesia's relations with Oman". Times of Oman. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
^ "Welcome to Indonesian Embassy, Islamabad". Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Embassy of Pakistan in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 19 December 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
^ "Embassy of Pakistan in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Developing 8". Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
^ "Trade: Pakistan, Indonesia PTA comes into effect". The Express Tribune. 31 August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
^ KBRI Doha (22 April 2012). "Meningkatkan Totalitas Diplomasi RI – Qatar" (in Indonesian). Tabloid Diplomasi. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
^ "Hubungan bilateral Suriah-Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
^ "Data Agregat WNI yang Tercatat di Perwakilan RI" (PDF) (in Indonesian). General Elections Commission. 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
^ Julia Suryakusuma (3 October 2012). "Viewpoint: Indonesia-Taiwan ties: When gray is good". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
^ "KDEI Taipei – Kantor Dagang dan Ekonomi Indonesia". kdei-taipei.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
^ "Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs". mfa.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Relations between Turkey and Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
^ "Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
^ Veeramalla Anjaiah and Kanupriya Kapoor (1 September 2009). "Uzbekistan wants to reshape relations with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
^ Priyambodo RH (17 March 2008). "Indonesia-Uzbekistan Sepakat Tingkatkan Kerjasama Perdagangan" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
^ "Embassy of Yemen in Jakarta". Embassy Vietnam. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
^ "Indonesia – Bilateral Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia". Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
^ "Missions | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 26 June 2019.
^ Veeramalla Anjaiah (26 October 2009). "Austria, RI celebrate 55 years of relations with cultural shows". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
^ Yanto Soegiarto (3 January 2012). "Austria's green power". thejakartaglobe.com. Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Indonesia". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 28 January 2021.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Lilian Budianto (17 March 2010). "Bosnia and Herzegovina invites RI investors". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
^ Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Sofia, Bulgaria Archived 26 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Indra Pribadi (24 April 2013). "Kroasia incar keuntungan di AEC lewat Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ "Kroasia Pintu Masuk Strategis ke Eropa" (in Indonesian). Koran Sindo. 8 November 2013. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ "Cyprus expands diplomatic presence in Indonesia and Argentina". KNews. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
^ "Ministry Foreign Affairs of Cyprus". Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
^ "Sejarah Hubungan RI-Ceko" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
^ Country Profile and Bilateral Relationship. "Bilateral Relation" (in Danish). Retrieved 27 August 2019.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ News of Denmark. Danish Information Office. 1950. p. 12.
^ Jimbon (10 October 2009). "How French Sees The Relations with Indonesia". Kompas.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
^ "France and Indonesia". France Diplomatie. 1 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
^ "Auswärtiges Amt – Indonesien". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
^ "Indonesia, Political relations". auswaertiges-amt.de. Federal Foreign Office of Germany. March 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
^ "Hubungan diplomatik antara RI–Yunani secara resmi telah dimulai sejak 23 Februari 1958.Page 3 (in Indonesian)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2022.
^ "Embassy of Indonesia, Athens -". Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Greek embassy in Jakarta". Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
^ "Indonesia (nunciature)". Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
^ "Embassy of Republic of Indonesia to the Holy See". indonesiavatican.it. Embassy of Republic of Indonesia to the Holy See. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
^ "Vatican-Indonesia Diplomatic Relations | Apostolic Nunciature Indonesia". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
^ "Vatican Indonesia' relations". catholicherald.co.uk. Catholic Herald. 10 March 1950. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
^ "Address of the Holy Father Paul VI to the President of the Republic of Indonesia – Djakarta, Indonesia Thursday, 3 December 1970". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013.
^ Haberman, Clyde (10 October 1989). "Pope, on Delicate Ground, Visits Indonesia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
^ Paus Fransiskus Kunjungi Jakarta pada 3-6 September
^ ^a ^b Ferenc Gémes. "Bilateral relations between Hungary and Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
^ "The History of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia". indonesia.hu. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
^ "KBRI Oslo – Indonesian Ambassador Presented Credentials to the President of Iceland". Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "Indonesian – Irlandia relations". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
^ png/dic (2 June 2012). "Italy to boost relations with RI, honours 3 Indonesians". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ "Italy-Indonesia: possible trade increase from $4.5 to 25 billion – partnership for major investments, says Terzi". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy. 24 April 2012. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ Mathias Hariyadi (24 April 2012). "Jakarta and Rome promoting interfaith dialogue to counter extremism". Asia News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ Tanti Yulianingsih (28 April 2016). "Presiden Serbia Puji Sikap RI soal Kemerdekaan Kosovo". Liputan6 (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
^ "Ternyata Monaco Pernah Desak Indonesia Ganti Warna Bendera, Ini Alasannya". Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). 24 December 2022. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^ "Saat Indonesia Diminta Untuk Ganti Bendera Oleh Monako, Sikap Tegas Diambil". Tribun News (in Indonesian). 17 August 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Indonesia - bilateral relations". Gouvernement Princier. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^ Ricklefs, M.C. (2008) [1981], A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, p. 373, ISBN 978-0-230-54686-8
^ "Norway and Indonesia – bilateral relations". Norway Embassy in Indonesia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
^ "Indonezja – Polska w Indonezji – Portal Gov.pl". Polska w Indonezji. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ "None". Archived from the original on 13 March 2010.
^ "of Portugal".^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "-:Website-ul Ambasada Indoneziei – Bucuresti:-". Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Russian embassy in Jakarta". Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009.
^ "Embassy of Republic Indonesia, Moscow". kbrimoskow.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
^ "People's Daily Online – Indonesia voices support for Serbia in Kosovo spat". Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
^ ^a ^b "A Brief Portrait of Indonesia and Slovakia Relations". Retrieved 5 September 2024.
^ "La proyección actual de España en Indonesia: imagen y relaciones políticas" (PDF) (in Spanish). 17 February 2015. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ "Spanyol Jadikan Indonesia Salah Satu Prioritas Hubungan di Asia" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affair Republic of Indonesia. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Novan Iman Santosa (14 February 2013). "Spain, RI strengthen defence, relief ties". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
^ "Indonesia and Switzerland Share Common Principles". Jakarta Globe. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
^ "Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Indonesia". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ "List of Agreements Between the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ Kitsoft. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine – Indo-Pacific". mfa.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
^ "Trade Mission to Ukraine: A Promising Market Opportunity" (PDF). Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. 24 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
^ "First Lady Iriana provides humanitarian aid to Ukrainian hospital". Antara News. 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
^ Al-Farraby, Raden Muhammad Ikhsan (29 June 2022). "Ibu Iriana Serahkan Bantuan kepada Rumah Sakit di Kyiv". Presiden RI (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
^ "First Lady Iriana Jokowi Distributes Aids to Hospital in Kyiv". Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
^ "Home – Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia". Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Посольство України в Республіці Індонезія". Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "UK-Indonesia relations". Archived from the original on 26 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "News-Indonesianembassy". Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.
^ "British Consulate Bali – GOV.UK". gov.uk. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Members of the UK's House of Lords praised Indonesia's achievements". Archived from the original on 21 May 2010.
^ http://www.dfat.gov.au/media/speeches/foreign/1996/austindo.html see reference to '12000 students' from Indonesia
^ "Indonesia". Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "New Zealand and Indonesia". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ "Cook Islands establish diplomatic relations with Indonesia". Pacific Islands News Association. 14 July 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2019. Joint communiques play a significant role in relations between states, as they are affirmation of recognition by each state of each other's political and economic sovereignty as states and signify commitment by both states to promote cooperation on the basis of equality, mutual respect for each other's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity as well as non-interference in the internal affairs of each other, guided by the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961.
^ "RI opens ties with Cook Islands, Niue". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
^ "Indonesia-Palau Agree to Accelerate Maritime Boundary Agreement". Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
^ "Indonesia – Papua New Guinea". Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ Manning, Selwyn (22 June 2010). "Vanuatu to seek observer status for West Papua at MSG and PIF leaders summits". Pacific Scoop. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ "Fiery debate over West Papua at UN General Assembly". Radio New Zealand 2017. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
^ "Menlu Retno sambut rencana pembukaan Kedubes Vanuatu di Indonesia". Antara (in Indonesian). 16 June 2023. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

External links

Politics, Public Opinion, and the U.S.-Indonesian Comprehensive Partnership Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (NBR Special Report, December 2010)

[1] Bevins, Vincent (2020). The Jakarta method : Washington's anticommunist crusade & the mass murder program that shaped our world. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-5417-4240-6. OCLC 1117633696. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Antara-2] Jafar M Sidik (7 December 2011). "Indonesia successfully takes ASEAN to greater height". Antara News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2013.

[Fels2017b-3] Fels, Enrico (2017). Shifting Power in Asia-Pacific? The Rise of China, Sino-US Competition and Regional Middle Power Allegiance. Springer. pp. 697–747. ISBN 978-3-319-45689-8. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.

[4] Rizal Sukma, "The evolution of Indonesia's foreign policy: an Indonesian view." Asian Survey 35.3 (1995): 304–315 online Archived 6 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine

[5] John Saltford, "United Nations involvement with the act of self-determination in West Irian (Indonesian West New Guinea) 1968 to 1969." Indonesia 69 (2000): 71–92. online Archived 17 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine

[6] Lorenz M. Lüthi, "The Non-Aligned Movement and the Cold War, 1961–1973." Journal of Cold War Studies 18.4 (2016): 98–147 online Archived 18 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine.

[7] Dewi Fortuna Anwar, Indonesia in ASEAN : foreign policy and regionalism (1994)

[8] Dewi Fortuna Anwar, "Reinvention in Indonesia's foreign policy strategy." East Asia Forum Quarterly 5#4 (2013) online.

[9] Terence Lee, "The armed forces and transitions from authoritarian rule: Explaining the role of the military in 1986 Philippines and 1998 Indonesia." Comparative Political Studies 42.5 (2009): 640–669. online^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[10] James Cotton, East Timor, Australia and regional order: intervention and its aftermath in Southeast Asia (2004) online Archived 15 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine.

[11] McRae, Dave (2019). "Indonesia's South China Sea Diplomacy: A Foreign Policy Illiberal Turn?". Journal of Contemporary Asia: 1–21. doi:10.1080/00472336.2019.1601240. S2CID 159426143. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

[12] Francisco Galamas, "Terrorism in Indonesia: an overview." Research Papers 4.10 (2015) online^{[permanent dead link‍]}.

[13] Lili Yan et al. The Indonesian Economy: Trade and Industrial Policies (Taylor & Francis, 2018)

[14] Mariah Measey, "Indonesia: a vulnerable country in the face of climate change." Global Majority E-Journal 1.1 (2010): 31–45. online Archived 20 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine

[15] Ralf Emmers, "The role of middle powers in Asian multilateralism." Asia Policy 25.4 (2018): 42–47 extract.

[16] Dewi Fortuna Anwar (2010), "The Impact of Domestic and Asian Regional Changes on Indonesian Foreign Policy", Southeast Asian Affairs, 2010: 132, JSTOR 41418562

[17] Roberts, Christopher B. (2015). Christopher B. Roberts; Ahmad D. Habir; Leonard C. Sebastian (eds.). Indonesia's Ascent: Power, Leadership, and the Regional Order, Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 259–260. ISBN 978-1-137-39741-6. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

[JPG-20-18] Muhtar Lutfi (18 November 2014). "Does the G20 matter for Indonesia?". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2015.

[Weck-19] Weck, Winfried (February 2011). "ASEAN and G20 – Indonesia 's Foreign Policy Perspectives" (PDF). KAS International Reports. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[20] "Resurgence of piracy on tsunami-hit seas". 11 May 2005. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[21] .gov.au Archived 13 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine; abc.net.au Archived 6 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine

[22] Diplomat, Prashanth Parameswaran, The. "Indonesia's War on Illegal Fishing Continues With New Sinkings". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[23] "Kerja Sama Bilateral" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 November 2024.

[24] "Sejarah Hubungan Indonesia Mesir". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.

[25] "President Jokowi Highlights Four Main Points to Strengthen Indonesia-Australia Bilateral Ties". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

[26] "Celebration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Indonesia on April 16, 2024". Indian Council For Cultural Relations. 19 April 2024. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.

[27] "Ambassador's Message on 61st Independence Day of Indonesia". Kbri-islamabad.go.id. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

[28] "Celebrating 70th Year of Diplomatic Relation: Belgium and Indonesia intensify collaborations". 3 October 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

[29] "2.05.189 Inventaris van het archief van het Hoge Commissariaat van Nederland in Indonesië (Jakarta)" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.

[30] Fennema; Rhijnsburger (2007). Dr. Hans Max Hirschfeld: man van het grote geld (in Dutch). Bert Bakker. p. 235.

[31] "Briefer: Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Indonesia". Official Gazette of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[32] "Celebrating 75 Years of Indonesia-Greece Relations: "Indonesia Expo 2024" Indonesia and Greece: The Relationship and Beyond". 30 July 2024. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.

[33] "Indonesia-Myanmar Bilateral Relations". Embassy of Republic of Indonesia, Yangon, Myanmar. Embassy of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

[34] "This year, we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of UK-Indonesia diplomatic relations on 27 December 2019". British Embassy Jakarta in Facebook. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

[35] "Indonesia, US commemorate 70 years of diplomatic relations". ANTARA News. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[Italia-36] "Italia" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2023.

[jordantimes.com-37] "70 years of Indonesia – Jordan relations towards a genuine and solid partnership". The Jordan Times. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

[38] "สาธารณรัฐอินโดนีเซีย (Indonesia)" (in Thai). Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[39] "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.

[40] "Bilateral Relations between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[41] British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950. University Publications of America. 1999. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1. Retrieved 7 November 2023.

[42] "Turkey, Indonesia to forge closer ties in various fields". ANTARA News. 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.

[43] "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). Diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2023.

[44] "Iran- Indonesia 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations 7th Iran-Indonesia Policy Planning Dialogue". Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Jakarta. 27 August 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.

[45] "Javanese Gamelan Music Resounds at Diplomatic Reception in Lisbon, Portugal". 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.

[46] "Nov 17, 2020". Embassy of Sweden in Jakarta in Facebook. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.

[auto3-47] "Was die Schweiz mit Indonesien verbindet". eda.admin.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[auto6-48] "Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft". Botschaft der Republik Indonesien in Bern, Schweiz (in German). Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[49] "Bulletin d'information_1952_1-2" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

[50] "Steinmeier paid visit to commemorate Indonesia-Germany ties: Jokowi". ANTARA News. 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[51] "Indonesian Ambassador and Sri Lankan Minister of Justice Encourage Mutual Visits Sri Lankan-Indonesian Buddhist Priests". Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[52] "Indonesian Foreign Minister R.M. Marty M. Natalegawa visited Ottawa Aug. 23 and made a speech to mark the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Canada and Indonesia. He's shown with Indonesian Ambassador Dienne Moehario (Photo: Ulle Baum)". Diplomat & International Canada. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

[53] "Finland and Indonesia". Finland Abroad. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[54] "Today We Are Celebrating The 65th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Indonesia". Austrian Embassy - Jakarta, Indonesia in Facebook. 20 November 2019. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

[:1-55] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Diplomasi Indonesia 2014" (PDF) (in Indonesian). pp. 64–135. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

[56] "Indonezja" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[57] "The 65th Anniversary of the Diplomatic Relations of Indonesia and Vietnam". Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[58] "Argentina". Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.

[:12-59] "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2023.

[60] "Peringatan 50 tahun Hubungan Diplomatik Republik Indonesia-Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 22 Desember 2006" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 26 November 2014.

[Sudan_Almanac-61] Sudan Almanac. Egypt. Maṣlaḥat al-Misāḥah. 1959. p. 36.

[62] "Indonesia Congratulates Laos for ASEAN Chairmanship". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[63] "Bilateral Cooperation – Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Indonesia. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.

[64] "Congratulations Muhammad Hasannudin! His logo #Spain60nesia is the winner of the Logo Competition celebrating the 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations between Spain and Indonesia". España en Indonesia on X. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

[65] "Indonesia-Cambodia to Further Elevate Cooperation in Celebration of 65 Years of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

[66] "Pertemuan Bilateral Presiden RI dengan Presiden Ghana di Hotel Mulia Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali, 2 September 2024". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024.

[KBRI-Rabat-67] "Indonesia – Morocco 50 Years of Friendship Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

[68] News from Hsinhua News Agency Daily bulletin · Issues 834-847. 1960. p. 65. ...Indonesia , Guinea to exchange ambassadors Conakry, April twentyseventh Chsinhua) - Indonesia and the Republic of Guinea decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level ...

[69] "The 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations of Indonesia — Tunisia". KBRI Tunis on Facebook. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

[:02-70] "Our Diplomatic Relations". Government of Somalia. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2022.

[71] "Bolstering Nepal-Indonesia ties". Nepal Khabar. 25 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.

[72] "Ethiopia, Indonesia Celebrate 60th Anniversary Of Diplomatic Relations". Fana Broadcasting Corporate S.C. 20 June 2021. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.

[73] Mideast Mirror. 1962. p. 23.

[74] "Marsudi receives maiden visit of DR Congo high-ranking official". 6 September 2018. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

[75] "Indonesia and Algeria to Strengthen Economic Cooperation". Voice of Indonesia. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.

[76] "60 Years of Indonesia-Tanzania Relations, 4 MoUs Agreed". Kompas.id. 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

[77] "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.

[auto4-78] Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 265.

[auto15-79] Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 335.

[80] News from Hsinhua News Agency: daily bulletin, 2776–2790. 1965. p. 35.

[81] "Relaiones Diplomáticas de Chile Con Los Países de La Cuenca del Pacifico" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[82] "Uruguay to Open Embassy in Indonesia". Magz Tempo. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

[83] "Liberia". Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

[84] "Singapore establishes diplomatic relations with Indonesia – Singapore History". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.

[85] "BANGLADESH-INDONESIA: 50 YEARS OF THE BILATERAL RELATION". 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[86] "Indonesia - Korea Special Strategic Partnership". sspyoungprolab.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.

[87] "Bula Vinaka! Today is the 50th anniversary of Fiji🇫🇯 and Indonesia's🇮🇩 friendship". Indonesia Embassy Suva on X. 17 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.

[88] "Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.

[89] "Hubungan Indonesia Madagaskar" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[90] Asian Almanac Volume 14. V.T. Sambandan. 1976. p. 7628.

[91] "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

[92] "UAE and Indonesia 45 years of cooperation strategic relationships and growing partnerships". UAE international Investors Council. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2024.

[93] "Colourful cultural show at Indonesian reception". Qatar Tribune. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.

[94] "Indonesia, Bahrain agree to increase economic cooperation". ANTARA News. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

[95] Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.

[:04-96] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Diplomatic relations between Indonesia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[97] Farah, Gaouad (1982). La République de Djibouti: naissance d'un Etat : chronologie (in French). Imprimerie Officielle. p. 145.

[98] "Indonesian Embassy in Nairobi celebrates 45 years of Indonesia-Kenya relations with events in Jakarta and Bandung". Capital News. Retrieved 17 October 2024.

[auto17-99] "Senegal". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Dakar, Senegal. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

[100] "Relaciones Bilaterales Indonesia – Paraguay" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

[auto8-101] "Perkembangan dan peluang kerjasama bilateral Indonesia-Gambia" (in Indonesian). 2001. p. 11. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[auto16-102] Le mois en Afrique Issues 200–204 (in French). 1982. p. 283.

[auto14-103] Africa Research Bulletin: Political, social, and cultural series. Blackwell. 1982. p. 6505.

[auto9-104] Asian Almanac: Weekly Abstract of Asian Affairs. V.T. Sambandan. 1983. p. 11803.

[auto5-105] Daily Report: Asia & Pacific – Issues 106–116. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1983.

[106] "Indonesia". Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[107] Daily Report: Asia & Pacific – Issues 11–21. The Service. 1984.

[auto-108] "Keterangan Dasar Negara Republik Zimbabwe". kemlu.go.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

[Cyprus-109] "Ministry Foreign Affairs of Cyprus" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.

[auto10-110] Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Part III. Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. 1988. p. 7.

[111] Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, Volume 21. Africana Publishing Company. 1988. p. 281.

[112] "KBRI Nairobi – Uganda". Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2018.

[113] "Swaziland: Capaian Hubungan Bilateral". Kedutaan besar Republik Indonesia Pretoria, Afrika Selatan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

[114] "[FKP hosted by Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Windhoek] Thirty years of Indonesia-Namibia diplomatic relations: towards a dynamic economic partnership". Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022.

[auto12-115] Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens – Issues 2434–2446. 1992. p. 1758.

[116] "Indonesia and Uzbekistan Commemorates 30 Years of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.

[117] Pewarta Departemen Luar Negeri RI. – Issues 57–64 (in English and Indonesian). Indonesia. Departemen Luar Negeri. 1991. p. 106.

[118] "BILATERAL RELATIONS". Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.

[119] "Indonesia and Kyrgysztan Commemorate the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.

[120] "Indonesia-Kazakhstan ties: To make the dream come true". Embassy of The Republic of Indonesia in Astana. Archived from the original on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

[121] "Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2024.

[122] Eritrea Update. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992. p. 2. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

[123] "Lesotho". Kedutaan besar Republik Indonesia Pretoria, Afrika Selatan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

[124] Pewarta Departemen Luar Negeri RI (in Indonesian). Vol. 69–72. p. 75.

[125] "Relations of Tajikistan with Indonesia". Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.

[126] "Sierra Leone". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Dakar, Senegal (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.

[auto2-127] Indonesia, an Official Handbook. 1996. p. 81.

[128] "Profile". kemlu.go.id. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.

[auto18-129] "International relations". The Angolan Mission Observer. 1 (1): 6. 1996.

[130] "Menlu Retno Bertemu Menlu Timor Leste, Ini yang Dibahas". 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[131] "Congo, Republic". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

[132] "Togo". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.

[133] "Actus de Monaco" (in French). Podcast Journal. 29 March 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.

[134] "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of the Republic of Niger" (PDF) (in Indonesian, French, and English). 21 September 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

[135] "Indonesia dan Muritania Sepakat Tingkatkan Hubungan Diplomatik". Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

[auto7-136] "Indonesia dan Bostwana Buka Hubungan Diplomatik". internasional.kompas.com (in Indonesian). 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

[137] "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Central African Republic" (PDF) (in Indonesian and French). 21 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

[138] "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of Chad" (PDF) (in Indonesian and French). 22 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

[139] "Joint Communique concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea" (PDF) (in Indonesian). 22 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

[140] "Indonesia Tingkatkan Kerja Sama Pariwisata dengan Cape Verde". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 22 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

[:55-141] "Indonesia, South Sudan Officially Open Diplomatic Relations". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.

[BruneiTimes-142] Sally Piri and Quratul-ain Bandial (12 April 2013). "Brunei and Indonesia reaffirm bilateral cooperation". bt.com.bn. The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.

[143] Widyono, Benny (2008). Dancing in Shadows. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5553-2. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[144] "Thailand, Cambodia Agree to Indonesian Observers at Border". VOA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[145] "RI ready to send observers to Cambodia, Thailand". Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[Laos-146] "Laos, Indonesia to focus relations on trade and investment". laopdr.gov.la. National Portal of Laos PDR. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2013.

[KBRI2-147] "Current Socio Culture Relations". Embassy of Republic of Indonesia, Vientiane, Laos. Embassy of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.

[148] "Indonesia to halt sending workers to Malaysia". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.

[149] "Indonesia to resume sending workers to Malaysia: minister". Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[investvine-150] Maierbrugger, Arno (17 April 2013). "Myanmar, Indonesia target $1b trade". Inside Investor. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2013.

[Fair-151] Lang, Jarno (22 May 2012). "Indonesia-Myanmar Relations: Promoting Democracy in South-East Asia". fairobserver.com. Fair Observer. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

[152] "Consulate General of The Republic of Indonesia Davao City The Republic of the Philippines". Kementerian Luar Negeri Repulik Indonesia. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

[153] Asha Popatlal (8 August 2005). "Singapore and Indonesia sign MOU to expand air links". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2012.

[154] "Indonesia may ban granite exports". Antara News. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009.

[SporeCG-Medan-155] "Consulate-General of the Republic of Singapore in Medan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2022.

[Nation-156] Chongkittavorn, Kavi (3 August 2010). "Indonesia and Thailand: An emerging natural alliance". The Nation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2013.

[157] "Thai PM in Jakarta to promote bilateral trade". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[JPThai-158] Yohanna Ririhena (24 May 2014). "RI calls for restoration of democracy in Thailand". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

[159] "Royal Thai Honorary Consulates in Indonesia". Royal Thai Embassy, Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved 16 May 2024.

[IndonesiaCG-HCMC-160] "Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia, Ho Chi Minh City, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.

[161] "Bilateral Cooperation – Algeria". Ministry of Foreign Affair, Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[162] tas (28 June 2012). "Algeria to strengthen relations with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[163] "Indonesia dan Angola bertekad perkuat hubungan dagang". Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2022.

[164] "MKRI Signs MoU with Constitutional Courts of Mongolia and Angola". The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

[kemlu.go.id-165] "Missions | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.

[166] "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Pretoria Accredited to the Republic of Botswana, Kingdom of Eswatini, and the Kingdom of Lesotho South Africa". Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

[167] "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon". Retrieved 29 October 2024.

[168] "INDONESIA'S NEW CAMEROON EMBASSY AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REGION". USC Center on Public Diplomacy. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.

[KBRIEthiopia-169] "Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia-Ethiopia" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affair of Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2014.

[KBRINairobi-170] "Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia-Kenya" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.

[KenyaOpenEmbassyJakarta-171] "Kenya opens embassy in Jarkata, urges business community to tap into Indonesia's market". The Standard. 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.

[172] Asian Yearbook of International Law, 1992. Springer Netherlands. 1994. p. 297.

[173] "Hubungan Indonesia Madagaskar (in Indonesian)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.

[History_of_Madagascar-174] "History of Madagascar". Lonely Planet.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2010.

[175] "Biography of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Mauritanians Abroad, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed". Mauritanian embassy Jakarta. ministere des affaires etrangeres Mauritanie. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.

[176] "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Rabat, Accredited to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania the Kingdom of Morocco". Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.

[177] Veeramalla Anjaiah and David Stone-Resneck (24 January 2009). "Moroccan ambassador says democracy in RI will endure". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2013.

[178] "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, Maputo, Mozambique" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

[179] "Official website of the Embassy of the Republic of Mozambique in Jakarta, Indonesia". Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

[180] "Indonesia, Mozambique sign new trade deal". Reuters. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

[EmbWindhoek-181] "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Windhoek, Republic of Namibia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.

[182] "Rwanda opens embassy in Indonesia, bilateral cooperation established". TheJakartaPost. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.

[PresSen-183] "Indonesia Jajaki Pasar Afrika Barat Lewat Senegal dan Gambia" (in Indonesian). The President Post. 11 November 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.

[ANTSen-184] B Kunto Wibisono (19 May 2013). "Senegal intends to buy two CN-235-220s". Antara News. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2014.

[185] "Afrika Selatan". Kedutaan besar Republik Indonesia Pretoria, Afrika Selatan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

[186] Ruslan Burhani (24 February 2012). "Sudan-Indonesia tingkatkan hubungan bilateral" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.

[187] "RI recognizes newly-born South Sudan". Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2011.

[188] "Indonesian Experts: Re-active for Farmers' Agriculture and Rural Training Center (FAR-TC) in Tanzania". State Secretariat The Republic of Indonesia. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

[189] "Ambassadors | Tanzania Foreign Ministry Official List". tzembassy.go.tz. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

[190] Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat (7 November 2017). "Indonesia-Tunisia Relations: From Trade to Democracy". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.

[191] "Indonesia–Tunisia Capacity Building Partnership for Democracy". Institute for Peace and Democracy. 10–16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.

[192] "Editorial: Tunisia's shining example". The Jakarta Post. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2014.

[193] "Zimbabwe: Nation, Indonesia to Strengthen Trade, Investment Relations". All Africa. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2014.

[JakartaGlobe-194] Ezra Sihite (17 January 2013). "Indonesia, Argentina to Increase Bilateral Cooperation". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013.

[195] Veeramalla Anjaiah (12 September 2012). "Argentina eyes strategic partnership with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2013.

[InternetGeo-196] "Tropical Rainforest". internetgeography.net. Internet Geography. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2013.

[197] Alister Doyle (24 August 2012). "Oslo urges Brazil, Indonesia to keep forest protection". reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013.

[AUSGOP-198] "Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report): The meaning, significance and implications of biodiversity (Megadiverse countries)". Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[199] Linda Yulisman (5 October 2011). "Brazil hopes to forge closer links with Indonesia". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2013.

[200] Awidya Santikajaya (7 February 2013). "Emerging Indonesia and its global posture". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2013.

[201] "Canadian embassy in Jakarta". Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2009.

[202] "Indonesian embassy in Ottawa". Indonesia-ottawa.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.

[Merdeka-203] Ramadhian Fadillah (13 June 2012). "Soekarno soal cerutu Kuba, Che dan Castro" (in Indonesian). Merdeka.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2013.

[Xinhua-204] Anne Tang (22 January 2010). "Indonesia, Cuba celebrate 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties". Xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2013.

[205] "The Opening of the Indonesian Embassy in Quito Is Believed to Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[KBRIQuito-206] "Hubungan Diplomatik Indonesia-Ekuador" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[ANPanama-207] Aditia Maruli (13 September 2012). "Indonesia – Panama menuju kerja sama ekonomi yang strategis" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2014.

[208] "Country Profile and Bilateral Cooperation, Republic of Peru". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Lima. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2023.

[209] Veeramalla Anjaiah (13 October 2012). "Peru cozying up to 'attractive' Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2014.

[Relación_comercial_Perú-Indonesia_análisis_y_proyecciones-210] Carrasco-Villanueva, Marco; Wong-Ramírez, Sailin (2013). Relación comercial Perú-Indonesia análisis y proyecciones (in Spanish). Lima: UPC.

[PeruThisWeek-211] Manuel Vigo (19 March 2012). "Peru and Indonesia agree to boost trade relations". Peru This Week. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.

[212] "Indonesia, Suriname set for stronger cooperation". The Jakarta Post. 19 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2013.

[213] "Indonesia – Countries – Office of the Historian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

[214] Veeramalla Anjaiah (3 July 2009). "Venezuela, RI celebrate 50 years of friendly ties". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2013.

[JakartaPost1-215] Veeramalla Anjaiah (12 September 2012). "Argentina eyes strategic partnership with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2013.

[216] "Venezuela, RI to improve trade, investment relations". The Jakarta Post. 14 April 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2013.

[217] Media, Kompas Cyber (14 February 2022). "Indonesia Kembali Lakukan Misi Diplomatik di Afghanistan". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

[218] "Jokowi arrives in Kabul as city on high alert". The Jakarta Post. 29 January 2018. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

[AntBah-219] Yuni Arisandy (14 March 2013). "DPR segera bentuk GKSB Parlemen Indonesia-Bahrain" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

[220] "LCQ14: Privileges and immunities granted to Hong Kong ETOs". Info.gov.hk. 24 November 2010. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2016.

[221] "CE meets Indonesian president". news.gov.hk. 1 May 2017. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.

[IndiaIndonesia-222] Supriyanto, Ristian Atriandi (31 May 2013). "The Unfulfilled Promise of Indonesia-India Defense Ties". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.

[223] "Embassyofindiajakarta.org". Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[224] "Indonesian Embassy – New Delhi". Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

[Academia-225] Yon Machmudi. "Cultural Cooperation between Indonesia and Iran:Challenges and Opportunities". Academia.edu. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2013.

[Antara:RI-Iran-226] Priyambodo RH (19 March 2012). "RI-Iran relations have no limit". Antara News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2013.

[AsiaTimes-227] Breffni O'Rourke (12 May 2006). "Iran finds an ally in Indonesia". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 20 May 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[BBC-228] "Indonesia offers Iran mediation". BBC. 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2013.

[JakartaPost:Baghdad-229] "RI embassy in Baghdad resumes activity". The Jakarta Post. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

[CNN-230] "Indonesians protest against Iraq war". CNN.com. 9 February 2003. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

[Antara2-231] Heru (4 July 2012). "Indonesia invited to participate in reconstruction of Iraq". Antara News. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

[jak-232] "Representatives from Indonesia, Israel sign medical agreement". Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[jak2-233] "Indonesia condemns Israeli offensive". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[for-234] "Indonesia rules out diplomatic ties with Israel, reaffirms pro-Palestine stand". Forbes. 13 October 2005.^{[dead link‍]}

[235] Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat (11 March 2015). "The Quiet Growth in Indonesia-Israel Relations". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[236] "Indonesia-Israel ties said "possible"". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 20 September 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

[237] Nafik, Muhammad (7 November 2008). "Representatives from Indonesia, Israel sign medical agreement". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

[238] Maya Sofia, Nila Chrisna Yulika (24 February 2014). "Tingkatkan Kerjasama, Raja Yordania Kunjungi Indonesia, Indonesia merupakan mitra dagang terbesar Yordania di ASEAN" (in Indonesian). Viva news. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.

[239] Wahyuni Kamah. "Jordan – a 'hospitable' gate for Indonesians". Civil Society Organizations in Jordan. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.

[240] 2014 World Service Poll Archived 2 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC

[241] 2013 World Service Poll Archived 10 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine BBC

[242] "Konsulat Republik Korea di Bali". overseas.mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

[243] "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific". mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2022.

[244] "South Korea, Indonesia sign pact to shift away from dollar". The Nigerian Observer. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.

[245] Rini Utami (3 May 2013). "Universitas Mongolia akan dirikan pusat kajian Indonesia". Antara News (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2014.

[246] Sukanto (3 November 2013). "A new era in Indonesia's relations with Oman". Times of Oman. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[247] "Welcome to Indonesian Embassy, Islamabad". Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[248] "Embassy of Pakistan in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 19 December 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

[249] "Embassy of Pakistan in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[250] "Developing 8". Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2010.

[251] "Trade: Pakistan, Indonesia PTA comes into effect". The Express Tribune. 31 August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2020.

[DiploQat-252] KBRI Doha (22 April 2012). "Meningkatkan Totalitas Diplomasi RI – Qatar" (in Indonesian). Tabloid Diplomasi. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2014.

[KBRIDamascus-253] "Hubungan bilateral Suriah-Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.

[WNI_di_Luar_Negeri-254] "Data Agregat WNI yang Tercatat di Perwakilan RI" (PDF) (in Indonesian). General Elections Commission. 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

[255] Julia Suryakusuma (3 October 2012). "Viewpoint: Indonesia-Taiwan ties: When gray is good". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2014.

[256] "KDEI Taipei – Kantor Dagang dan Ekonomi Indonesia". kdei-taipei.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

[257] "Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs". mfa.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2023.

[auto13-258] "Relations between Turkey and Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

[259] "Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

[JPUzbek-260] Veeramalla Anjaiah and Kanupriya Kapoor (1 September 2009). "Uzbekistan wants to reshape relations with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2014.

[261] Priyambodo RH (17 March 2008). "Indonesia-Uzbekistan Sepakat Tingkatkan Kerjasama Perdagangan" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2014.

[262] "Embassy of Yemen in Jakarta". Embassy Vietnam. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

[263] "Indonesia – Bilateral Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia". Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.

[264] "Missions | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 26 June 2019.

[265] Veeramalla Anjaiah (26 October 2009). "Austria, RI celebrate 55 years of relations with cultural shows". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

[266] Yanto Soegiarto (3 January 2012). "Austria's green power". thejakartaglobe.com. Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

[:0-267] "Indonesia". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 28 January 2021.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[268] Lilian Budianto (17 March 2010). "Bosnia and Herzegovina invites RI investors". thejakartapost.com. The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2013.

[269] Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Sofia, Bulgaria Archived 26 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

[ANTCro-270] Indra Pribadi (24 April 2013). "Kroasia incar keuntungan di AEC lewat Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.

[SINCro-271] "Kroasia Pintu Masuk Strategis ke Eropa" (in Indonesian). Koran Sindo. 8 November 2013. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.

[CyprusExpandsIndoArg-272] "Cyprus expands diplomatic presence in Indonesia and Argentina". KNews. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.

[273] "Ministry Foreign Affairs of Cyprus". Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

[KBRICeko-274] "Sejarah Hubungan RI-Ceko" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.

[Indonesia-275] Country Profile and Bilateral Relationship. "Bilateral Relation" (in Danish). Retrieved 27 August 2019.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[276] News of Denmark. Danish Information Office. 1950. p. 12.

[Kompas-277] Jimbon (10 October 2009). "How French Sees The Relations with Indonesia". Kompas.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013.

[Diplomatie-278] "France and Indonesia". France Diplomatie. 1 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2013.

[:81-279] "Auswärtiges Amt – Indonesien". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.

[Auswaertiges-280] "Indonesia, Political relations". auswaertiges-amt.de. Federal Foreign Office of Germany. March 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2013.

[281] "Hubungan diplomatik antara RI–Yunani secara resmi telah dimulai sejak 23 Februari 1958.Page 3 (in Indonesian)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2022.

[282] "Embassy of Indonesia, Athens -". Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[283] "Greek embassy in Jakarta". Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.

[284] "Indonesia (nunciature)". Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2013.

[285] "Embassy of Republic of Indonesia to the Holy See". indonesiavatican.it. Embassy of Republic of Indonesia to the Holy See. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.

[286] "Vatican-Indonesia Diplomatic Relations | Apostolic Nunciature Indonesia". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.

[287] "Vatican Indonesia' relations". catholicherald.co.uk. Catholic Herald. 10 March 1950. Retrieved 20 August 2013.

[288] "Address of the Holy Father Paul VI to the President of the Republic of Indonesia – Djakarta, Indonesia Thursday, 3 December 1970". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013.

[289] Haberman, Clyde (10 October 1989). "Pope, on Delicate Ground, Visits Indonesia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2013.

[290] Paus Fransiskus Kunjungi Jakarta pada 3-6 September

[HunEmbJkt-291] Ferenc Gémes. "Bilateral relations between Hungary and Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2014.

[292] "The History of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia". indonesia.hu. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.

[293] "KBRI Oslo – Indonesian Ambassador Presented Credentials to the President of Iceland". Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.

[294] "Indonesian – Irlandia relations". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.

[295] /dic (2 June 2012). "Italy to boost relations with RI, honours 3 Indonesians". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2013.

[Farnesina1-296] "Italy-Indonesia: possible trade increase from $4.5 to 25 billion – partnership for major investments, says Terzi". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy. 24 April 2012. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2013.

[AsiaNews-297] Mathias Hariyadi (24 April 2012). "Jakarta and Rome promoting interfaith dialogue to counter extremism". Asia News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2013.

[298] Tanti Yulianingsih (28 April 2016). "Presiden Serbia Puji Sikap RI soal Kemerdekaan Kosovo". Liputan6 (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2021.

[harianhaluan.com-299] "Ternyata Monaco Pernah Desak Indonesia Ganti Warna Bendera, Ini Alasannya". Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). 24 December 2022. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2024.

[300] "Saat Indonesia Diminta Untuk Ganti Bendera Oleh Monako, Sikap Tegas Diambil". Tribun News (in Indonesian). 17 August 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2024.

[diplomacy-301] "Indonesia - bilateral relations". Gouvernement Princier. Retrieved 12 February 2024.

[302] Ricklefs, M.C. (2008) [1981], A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, p. 373, ISBN 978-0-230-54686-8

[NOREmb1-303] "Norway and Indonesia – bilateral relations". Norway Embassy in Indonesia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2014.

[304] "Indonezja – Polska w Indonezji – Portal Gov.pl". Polska w Indonezji. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

[:3-305] "Países" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

[306] "None". Archived from the original on 13 March 2010.

[307] "of Portugal".^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[308] "-:Website-ul Ambasada Indoneziei – Bucuresti:-". Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[309] "Russian embassy in Jakarta". Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009.

[310] "Embassy of Republic Indonesia, Moscow". kbrimoskow.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2022.

[311] "People's Daily Online – Indonesia voices support for Serbia in Kosovo spat". Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

[Slovakia-312] "A Brief Portrait of Indonesia and Slovakia Relations". Retrieved 5 September 2024.

[:40-313] "La proyección actual de España en Indonesia: imagen y relaciones políticas" (PDF) (in Spanish). 17 February 2015. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[314] "Spanyol Jadikan Indonesia Salah Satu Prioritas Hubungan di Asia" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affair Republic of Indonesia. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[315] Novan Iman Santosa (14 February 2013). "Spain, RI strengthen defence, relief ties". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2013.

[316] "Indonesia and Switzerland Share Common Principles". Jakarta Globe. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.

[Swiss-317] "Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Indonesia". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[318] "List of Agreements Between the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[319] Kitsoft. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine – Indo-Pacific". mfa.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2022.

[Kemendag-320] "Trade Mission to Ukraine: A Promising Market Opportunity" (PDF). Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. 24 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.

[321] "First Lady Iriana provides humanitarian aid to Ukrainian hospital". Antara News. 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

[322] Al-Farraby, Raden Muhammad Ikhsan (29 June 2022). "Ibu Iriana Serahkan Bantuan kepada Rumah Sakit di Kyiv". Presiden RI (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

[323] "First Lady Iriana Jokowi Distributes Aids to Hospital in Kyiv". Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

[324] "Home – Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia". Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[325] "Посольство України в Республіці Індонезія". Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[autogenerated1-326] "UK-Indonesia relations". Archived from the original on 26 July 2010.

[indonesianembassy1-327] "News-Indonesianembassy". Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.

[328] "British Consulate Bali – GOV.UK". gov.uk. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2023.

[deplu1-329] "Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Members of the UK's House of Lords praised Indonesia's achievements". Archived from the original on 21 May 2010.

[330] ttp://www.dfat.gov.au/media/speeches/foreign/1996/austindo.html see reference to '12000 students' from Indonesia

[dfat-331] "Indonesia". Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[NZEmb-332] "New Zealand and Indonesia". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

[333] "Cook Islands establish diplomatic relations with Indonesia". Pacific Islands News Association. 14 July 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2019. Joint communiques play a significant role in relations between states, as they are affirmation of recognition by each state of each other's political and economic sovereignty as states and signify commitment by both states to promote cooperation on the basis of equality, mutual respect for each other's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity as well as non-interference in the internal affairs of each other, guided by the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961.

[334] "RI opens ties with Cook Islands, Niue". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.

[335] "Indonesia-Palau Agree to Accelerate Maritime Boundary Agreement". Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

[336] "Indonesia – Papua New Guinea". Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[337] Manning, Selwyn (22 June 2010). "Vanuatu to seek observer status for West Papua at MSG and PIF leaders summits". Pacific Scoop. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.

[Radion17-338] "Fiery debate over West Papua at UN General Assembly". Radio New Zealand 2017. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.

[339] "Menlu Retno sambut rencana pembukaan Kedubes Vanuatu di Indonesia". Antara (in Indonesian). 16 June 2023. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]