Wikipedia

Foreign relations of Switzerland

(Redirected from International relations of Switzerland)

The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Some international relations of Switzerland are handled by other departments of the federal administration of Switzerland.

History

edit
 
The First Geneva Convention (1864). Geneva is the city that hosts the highest number of international organisations in the world.[1]

Article 54 of the Swiss Constitution of 1999 declares the safeguarding of Switzerland's independence and welfare as the principal objective of Swiss foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution specifies these foreign policy objectives:

These objectives reflect the Swiss moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Swiss bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension of international law, particularly humanitarian law.

Traditionally, Switzerland has avoided alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action. Only in recent years have the Swiss broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union and joined the United Nations very late compared to its European neighbours.

Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as a neutral intermediary and host to major international treaty conferences. The country has no major dispute in its bilateral relations.

Switzerland (mainly Geneva) is home to many international governmental and nongovernmental organisations, including the International Olympic Committee, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the European Broadcasting Union. One of the first international organisations, the Universal Postal Union, is located in Bern.

United Nations

edit
 
Session in the Palace of Nations in Geneva

Switzerland, fearing that its status as a neutral country would be damaged, did not join the United Nations when it was created in 1945.[2] On 10 September 2002, Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, after a referendum supporting full membership won in a close vote six months earlier; Swiss voters had rejected membership by a 3-to-1 margin in 1986. The 2002 vote made Switzerland the first and only country to join based on a popular vote.[3] Conversely, on 17 May 1992, Swiss voters approved by a healthy margin (55 percent in favour) the decision to join the IMF and the World Bank. Less than two weeks later, but a full two years after the initial application, Switzerland finally became a member of the IMF on 29 May of that same year.

Prior to its formal accession to the United Nations, Switzerland had maintained an observer role at the UN's General Assembly and its Economic and Social Council. Prior to full membership it had no right to a seat as one of the elected members of the UN Security Council. Switzerland was elected as a member of the United Nations Security Council for the period 2023–2024 on 9 June 2022. Switzerland says it intends to play its role as a "bridge builder".[4] Other stated priorities are peace building, supporting women into the political process, minorities rights and human rights and more transparency from the Security Council.[5]

Switzerland has fully participated within many of the UN's specialised institutions, including the Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Environment Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, and the Universal Postal Union. Switzerland has also furnished military observers and medical teams to several UN operations.[which?]

Switzerland is a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Support of UN sanctions

edit

The Swiss government on 25 June 2003, eased most of the sanctions against the Republic of Iraq in accord with UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1483. The government lifted the trade embargo, flight restrictions, and financial sanctions in place since August 1990. The weapons embargo and the asset freeze, the scope of which was extended, remain in force, and restrictions on the trade in Iraqi cultural goods were newly imposed. Though not a member at the time, Switzerland had joined UN sanctions against Iraq after the invasion of Kuwait.

Switzerland also has joined UN economic sanctions imposed on Libya, Sierra Leone, UNITA (Angola), Liberia, and Serbia/Montenegro. On 15 October 2003, the Federal Council ended the import restrictions on raw diamonds from Sierra Leone and lifted sanctions against Libya.

Switzerland in October 2000 implemented an ordinance to enforce UN sanctions against the Taliban (UNSCR 1267), which it subsequently amended in April 2001 in accord with tighter UN regulations (UNSCR 1333). On 2 May 2002, the Swiss Government eased the sanctions regime in accord with UNSCR 1388 and 1390, lifting the ban on the sale of acetic acid (used in drug production), Afghan airlines, and Afghan diplomatic representations. The weapons embargo, travel restrictions, and financial sanctions remain in force.

The Swiss Government in November 2001 issued an ordinance declaring illegal the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda as well as possible successor or supporting organisations. More than 200 individuals or companies linked to international terrorism have been blacklisted to have their assets frozen. Thus far, Swiss authorities have blocked about 72 accounts totalling U.S.$22.6 million.

EU and other international organizations

edit

Switzerland and Denmark signed a treaty of Friendship in 1875.

Switzerland is a member of many international organizations, including the World Trade Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Free Trade Association, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, and International Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Its central bank is a member of the Bank for International Settlements, based in Basel.

Switzerland is an active participant in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, its foreign minister serving as Chairman-in-Office for 1996. Switzerland also is an active participant in the major nonproliferation and export control regimes.

Although it is surrounded by member nations, Switzerland is not a member nation of the European Union. In 1992 Swiss voters approved membership in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, but later that year rejected the European Economic Area agreement, which the government viewed as a first step toward European Union membership. The Swiss instead take part in the European single market and Schengen through bilateral treaties.

More complete list of memberships:

ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, CGPM, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (World Bank), ICAO, ICC, ICC, ICDO, ICFTU, ICMM, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFCS, IFRCS, IGC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, IWC, LAIA (observer), NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIE, OPCW, OSCE, OTIF, PCA, PFP, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC.

Participation in peacekeeping

edit

While the Swiss electorate did reject a government proposition to directly deploy Swiss troops as UN peacekeepers (the Blue Helmets) in 1994, a total of 23 Swiss personnel including police and military observers (the Blue Berets) have served or are now serving for the United Nations. These dispositions are impartial, clearly defined and cover a number of UN projects around the globe.[6]

In 1996 Switzerland joined NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and deployed Yellow Berets to support the OSCE in Bosnia. In June 2001, Swiss voters approved new legislation providing for the deployment of armed Swiss troops for international peacekeeping missions under UN or OSCE auspices as well as closer international cooperation in military training.

Since 1999, the Swiss army is participating through SWISSCOY in the peace keeping mission of the Kosovo Force (KFOR) based on UN-resolution 1244, with prolonged presence until 2014, after approval by the Swiss federal assembly in Spring 2011. Main duties include the supervision of civilian reconstruction efforts, monitoring and protection of patrimonial sites, military police and medical assistance.[7]

Representation of foreign entities and in foreign disputes

edit
 
The ministers of foreign affairs of Germany, the United Kingdom, China, the United States, France, Russia, the European Union and Iran meeting in Geneva for the interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear programme (2013).

Under a series of treaties concluded after the First World War, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Due to its long-standing neutrality, Switzerland has served as the protecting power for many countries, that did not have diplomatic relations with each other. This reached an apex during the Second World War, when Switzerland formally undertook 219 mandates for 35 states, and represented another eight states unofficially.[8] After the Second World War, Switzerland served an additional 67 mandates for various countries, including those between Cuba and other nations in the Western Hemisphere after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, between Middle Eastern nations following the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and between India and Pakistan prior to the formalization of relations in 1976.

Switzerland also represented Cuba in the United States between 1991 and 2015.[9] [check quotation syntax] Today, Switzerland has seven protecting power mandates:

  • United States interests in both Cuba (until 2015) and Iran
  • Cuban interest in the United States (until 2015)
  • Iranian interests in both Canada and Egypt
  • Saudi Arabian and Iranian interests with each other (Iran and Saudi Arabia have direct diplomatic relations since August 2023)[10]
  • Georgian and Russian interests with each other

Switzerland played a key role in brokering a truce agreement between the Sudanese Government and Sudan People's Liberation Army for the Nuba Mountains region, signed after a week's negotiations taking place near Lucerne in January 2002. Switzerland has also sent services to allied troops in the War in Afghanistan.[11]

Switzerland is also playing a major role in Palestinian politics, trying to act as a mediator between Fatah and Hamas regarding the integration of employees in Gaza. The Swiss diplomatic efforts lead to an agreement called "the Swiss Document" which initially was approved by both Palestinian parties.[12]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland decided to adopt all EU sanctions against Russia. According to the Swiss President Ignazio Cassis, the measures were "unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality". The administration also confirmed that Switzerland would continue to offer its services to find a peaceful solution in the conflict. Switzerland only participates in humanitarian missions and provides relief supplies to the Ukrainian population and neighbouring countries.[13] In August 2022, Russia rejected a proposed Swiss mandate to represent Ukrainian interests in Russia, considering that Switzerland had lost its neutral status.[14]

On 18 April 2023, Federal Councilor Alain Berset paid an official visit to Berlin, Germany at the invitation of Chancellor Olaf Scholz. At the center of the discussions was the refusal by Switzerland to allow the re-exporting of ammunition and arms to the crisis region in Ukraine. While the talks took place in a friendly atmosphere, Alain Berset insisted on the traditional application of Swiss neutrality towards the sale of military hardware to Germany for use in that conflict. A number of parliamentary efforts by Swiss lawmakers to allow such sales were already rejected previously.[15]

On 1 May 2023, Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Al-Khorayef made an official visit to the Swiss Confederation, meeting with Swiss State Secretary for Economic Affairs, Helene Budliger Artieda, and Chairwoman of the Board at Swiss Export Risk Insurance (SERV), Barbara Hayoz. The talks were mainly addressing export cooperation between the two nations, and the Saudi minister also held a talk at the meeting of the World Economic Forum in January 2023. Switzerland also represented Saudi interests in Iran before diplomatic relations were restored in April 2023.[16][17]

Diplomatic representations

edit

Diplomatic relations

edit

List of countries which Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date
1   France 29 November 1516[18]
—   Holy See 1553[19]
2   United Kingdom 30 August 1689[20]
3   Netherlands 31 January 1814[21]
4   Russia 6 March 1814[22]
5   Uruguay 1828[23]
6   El Salvador 1841[24]
7   Belgium 30 September 1845[25]
8   United States 29 June 1853[26]
9   Brazil 1855[27]
10   Italy 12 February 1860[28]
11   Japan 6 February 1864[29]
12   Costa Rica 1865[30]
13   Portugal 5 November 1872[31]
14   Denmark 10 February 1875[32]
15   Venezuela 10 April 1878[33]
16   Mexico 31 December 1882[34]
17   Peru 1884[35]
18   Paraguay 1887[36]
19   Sweden 1887[37]
20   Ecuador 1888[38]
21   Argentina 12 September 1891[39]
22   Chile 31 October 1897[40]
23   Turkey 1899[41]
24   Cuba 18 June 1902[42]
25   Panama 6 May 1904[43]
26   Norway 22 January 1906[44]
27   Guatemala 14 December 1906[45]
28   Colombia 14 March 1908[46]
29   Romania 9 May 1911[47]
30   Bulgaria 31 October 1915[48]
31   Serbia 1916[49]
32   Greece 8 October 1917[50]
33   Luxembourg 24 November 1917[51]
34   Hungary 1918[52]
35   Iran 4 March 1919[53]
36   Poland 12 March 1919[54]
37   Liechtenstein March 1919[55]
38   Czech Republic 30 April 1919[56]
39   Finland 29 January 1926[57]
40   Afghanistan 20 April 1928[58]
41   Thailand 28 May 1931[59]
42   Egypt 11 March 1935[60]
43   Dominican Republic 1936[61]
44   Spain 14 February 1939[62]
45   Ireland 1939[63]
46   Haiti 29 September 1941[64]
47   Canada 24 June 1945[65]
48   Austria 2 November 1945[66]
49   Syria 1945[67]
50   Bolivia 15 February 1946[68]
51   Lebanon 27 February 1946[69]
52   Iraq 1 May 1946[70]
53   Iceland 15 July 1947[71]
54   India 14 August 1948[72]
55   Jordan 26 March 1949[73]
56   Pakistan 1949[74]
57   China 17 January 1950[75]
58   Israel 25 June 1951[76]
59   Indonesia 2 November 1951[77][78]
60   South Africa 11 March 1952[79]
61   Ethiopia 2 May 1952[80]
62   Germany 6 May 1952[81]
63   Saudi Arabia 12 July 1956[82]
64   Sri Lanka 7 November 1956[83]
65     Nepal 10 November 1956[84]
66   Morocco 28 November 1956[85]
67   Tunisia 1956[86]
68   Myanmar 1 August 1957[87]
69   Honduras 12 August 1957[88]
70   Philippines 30 August 1957[89]
71   Laos 3 September 1957[90]
72   Nicaragua 1957[91]
73   Monaco 27 May 1959[92]
74   Somalia 5 July 1960[93]
75   Ghana 19 July 1960[94]
76   Guinea 19 July 1960[94]
77   Liberia 19 July 1960[94]
78   Togo 19 July 1960[94]
79   Nigeria 1 October 1960[95]
80   Sudan 27 December 1960[96]
81   Mali 26 May 1961[97]
82   Mauritania 26 May 1961[98]
83   Niger 26 May 1961[99]
84   Senegal 26 May 1961[100]
85   Australia 3 June 1961[101]
86   Madagascar 13 June 1961[102]
87   Ivory Coast 26 July 1961[103]
88   Libya 5 September 1961[104]
89   Burkina Faso 17 October 1961[105]
90   Cameroon 9 November 1961[106]
91   Benin 21 November 1961[107]
92   Democratic Republic of the Congo 12 October 1962[108]
93   Algeria 13 November 1962[109]
94   New Zealand 4 December 1962[110]
95   Jamaica 12 December 1962[111]
96   Sierra Leone 1962[112]
97   Malaysia 3 January 1963[113]
98   South Korea 11 February 1963[114]
99   Rwanda 12 November 1963[115]
100   Cyprus 3 December 1963[116]
101   Chad 16 December 1963[117]
102   Trinidad and Tobago 1963[118]
103   Burundi 13 January 1964[119]
104   Central African Republic 11 February 1964[120]
105   Gabon 11 February 1964[121]
106   Kenya 28 February 1964[122]
107   Uganda 1 March 1964[123]
108   Republic of the Congo 21 April 1964[121]
109   Mongolia 22 May 1964[124]
110   Tanzania 1964[125]
111   Malta 25 March 1966[126]
112   Gambia 30 March 1966[127]
113   Zambia 10 June 1966[121]
114   Malawi 19 May 1966[128]
115   Kuwait 21 September 1966[129]
116   Cambodia 9 October 1967[130]
117   Singapore 11 October 1967[131]
118   Botswana 22 August 1967[132]
119   Lesotho 22 August 1967[132]
120   Equatorial Guinea 4 November 1968[133]
121   Mauritius 11 March 1969[134]
122   Eswatini 6 August 1969[135]
123   Albania 20 July 1970[136]
124   Vietnam 11 October 1971[137]
125   Bangladesh 14 June 1972[138]
126   Yemen 1972[139]
127   Bahrain 12 September 1973[140]
128   Oman 12 September 1973[140]
129   Qatar 12 September 1973[140]
130   United Arab Emirates 12 September 1973[140]
131   Bahamas June 1974[141]
132   North Korea 20 December 1974[142]
133   Mozambique 12 April 1976[143]
134   Papua New Guinea 2 June 1976[144]
135   Angola 30 September 1976[145]
136   Comoros 1 March 1977[146]
137   Guyana 24 May 1977[147]
138   Suriname 11 July 1979[148]
139   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979[149]
140   Barbados 4 March 1980[150]
141   Zimbabwe 2 July 1980[151]
142   Cape Verde 1980[152]
143   Seychelles 10 March 1981[153]
144   Maldives 23 June 1981[154]
145   Samoa 1 August 1981[155]
146   Grenada 1981[156]
147   Vanuatu 5 May 1982[157]
148   Djibouti 23 December 1982[158]
149   Guinea-Bissau 22 February 1983[159]
150   Antigua and Barbuda 14 December 1983[160]
151   Brunei 1984[161]
152   São Tomé and Príncipe 28 February 1985[162]
153   Tonga 13 September 1985[163]
154   Bhutan 16 September 1985[164]
155   Belize July 1989[165]
156   Fiji 1989[166]
157   Namibia 22 April 1990[167]
158   Estonia 4 September 1991[168]
159   Latvia 5 September 1991[169]
160   Lithuania 5 September 1991[170]
161   Azerbaijan 21 January 1992[171]
162   Croatia 30 January 1992[172]
163   Slovenia 31 January 1992[173]
164   Ukraine 6 February 1992[174]
165   Belarus 10 February 1992[175]
166   Kyrgyzstan 14 February 1992[176]
167   Armenia 30 April 1992[177]
168   Uzbekistan 7 May 1992[178]
169   Kazakhstan 1 June 1992[179]
170   Georgia 10 June 1992[180]
171   Turkmenistan 13 July 1992[181]
172   Moldova 2 September 1992[182]
173   Saint Kitts and Nevis 17 November 1992[183]
174   Tajikistan 9 December 1992[184]
175   Slovakia 1 January 1993[185]
176   Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 February 1993[186]
177   North Macedonia 31 December 1993[187]
178   Eritrea 22 March 1994[188]
179   San Marino 10 July 1995[189]
180   Andorra 6 September 1995[190]
181   Palau 31 August 2001[191]
182   East Timor 16 September 2002[192]
183   Marshall Islands 22 January 2003[192]
184   Federated States of Micronesia 22 April 2003[193]
185   Nauru 2003[194]
186   Kiribati 1 June 2004[195]
187   Tuvalu 4 November 2005[196]
188   Dominica 2005[197]
189   Saint Lucia 10 June 2006[198]
190   Montenegro 5 July 2006[199]
191   Solomon Islands 20 December 2007[200]
—   Kosovo 28 March 2008[201]
—   Cook Islands 7 March 2011[202]
192   South Sudan 23 May 2012[203]
—   Niue 9 August 2023[204]

Multilateral

edit
Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
  European Union 1972 See Switzerland–European Union relations
  NATO See Switzerland–NATO relations

Bilateral relations

edit

Africa

edit
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Algeria 13 November 1962
  • Algeria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Algiers.
  Angola 30 September 1976
  • Angola has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Luanda.
  Chad 16 December 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Chad (resident in Lagos) Mr. Giovanni Enrico Bucher[205]
  • Chad has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has a Cooperation Office in N'Djamena.
  Egypt 11 March 1935 See Egypt–Switzerland relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1935 when Mr. Henri Martin, first Minister of Switzerland to Egypt, presented his letters of credentials.[206]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Cairo.
  Ethiopia 2 May 1952
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  Kenya 28 February 1964 See Kenya–Switzerland relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Kenya (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Roger Dürr[207]

  • Kenya has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nairobi.
  Madagascar 13 June 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  Nigeria 1 October 1960
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  Senegal 26 May 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1961.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dakar.
  South Africa 11 March 1952 See South Africa–Switzerland relations

Americas

edit
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Argentina 12 September 1891 See Argentina–Switzerland relations
  Brazil
  Canada 1945 See Canada–Switzerland relations
  Chile
  • Chile has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Santiago.
  Colombia See Colombia–Switzerland relations
  • Colombia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bogotá.
  Cuba 18 June 1902 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1902.
 
Embassy of Switzerland in Havana
  • Cuba has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Havana.
  Dominican Republic 1936 See Dominican Republic-Switzerland relations
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Bern and a consulate in Zürich
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Santo Domingo
  • The DR is home to the largest Swiss community in the Caribbean
  Mexico 1827 See Mexico–Switzerland relations
  Nicaragua 1956
  • Nicaragua has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in San José, Costa Rica and maintains an honorary consulate in Managua.
  • Relations with Nicaragua and Switzerland focus on development cooperation, humanitarian aid and trade.
  Peru
Main article: Peru–Switzerland relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lima
  United States 1853 See Switzerland–United States relations

The first official U.S.–Swiss consular relations were established in the late 1820s. Diplomatic relations were established in 1853 by the U.S. and in 1868 by Switzerland. The U.S. ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to the Principality of Liechtenstein.

  Uruguay 1828 See Switzerland–Uruguay relations

Both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations, and they established diplomatic relations in 1828.[208][209] Uruguay became a popular destination for Swiss migrants starting in the 1860s.[210] In 1931 Uruguay called for a Swiss style parliamentary system.[211] In the twentieth century, Uruguay has looked to Switzerland as a model for government, historical and cultural ties go back to at least the nineteenth century.[212] There are 956 people with Swiss passports residing in Uruguay in 2009.[213] Uruguay was described as the "Switzerland of the Americas" in a 1951 The New York Times article for its popularity as a haven for capital fleeing Europe at the time and its adoption of Swiss-inspired banking laws.[214] Thomas J. Knight also wrote that "Uruguay has for most of its history been the 'Switzerland' of South America."[215]

  • Switzerland has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Bern.

Asia

edit
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Armenia See Armenia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Armenia as an independent state on 23 December 1991. The two countries have maintained diplomatic relations ever since.

  • Armenia has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Yerevan.
  Azerbaijan 21 January 1992 See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bern[216]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Baku.[217]
  China See China–Switzerland relations
  Georgia
  • Georgia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  India 1948 See India–Switzerland relations

India is one of Switzerland's most important partners in Asia. Bilateral and political contacts are constantly developing, and trade and scientific cooperation between the two countries are flourishing.[220] Switzerland was the first country in the World to sign a Friendship treaty with India in 1947.[221]

  Indonesia 2 November 1951 See Indonesia–Switzerland relations
  • In 2010, the heads of state of the two countries agreed to launch negotiations on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.[222]
  • Switzerland has named Indonesia as one of seven priority countries for economic development co-operation.[223]
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Bern, while Switzerland has an embassy in Jakarta, also accredited for East Timor and ASEAN.
  • On 6 December 1973, the Indonesian and Swiss governments signed an agreement to establish Polytechnic for Mechanics within the Bandung Institute of Technology at Bandung.[224] Today, the Swiss Mechanics Polytechnic has transformed into Bandung State Polytechnic for Manufacture.
  Iran 4 March 1919 See Iran–Switzerland relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tehran.
  Iraq 1 May 1946 See Iraq–Switzerland relations

In November 2000 Switzerland opened a diplomatic liaison office in Baghdad to safeguard its interests. Bilateral relations became closer after the Iraq War in 2003.

  • Iraq has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Amman, Jordan.
  Israel See Israel–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Israel on 25 January 1949 and opened a consulate in Tel Aviv.

  Japan 6 February 1864
  • Japan has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tokyo.
  Kazakhstan
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
  Lebanon
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Beirut.
  Malaysia 1963 See Malaysia–Switzerland relations
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  North Korea December 1974[225] See North Korea–Switzerland relations
  • North Korea has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus has a Representative Office in Geneva.[226]
  Pakistan

Switzerland recognised Pakistan's independence from Great Britain in 1947, and the two states established diplomatic relations in 1949.[227] Switzerland ranks fifth in terms of foreign direct investment in Pakistan.[228][229]

  • Pakistan has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Islamabad and a consulate-general in Karachi.
  Palestine See Palestine–Switzerland relations

Switzerland has a representative office in Ramallah.[230]

  • Palestine has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has a representative office in Ramallah.
  Philippines 1957

Bilateral ties between the Philippines and Switzerland dates back to the early 19th century when Swiss traders, missionaries and travelers went to Southeast Asia. A Swiss representation in the Philippines was proposed in 1851, which was realized with the opening of a Swiss honorary consulate in Manila in 1862. Formal relations was established between the two countries on 30 August 1957.[231]

  • Philippines has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Manila.
  Saudi Arabia 12 July 1956 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1956.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Bern and a consulate-general in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Riyadh.
  Singapore
  South Korea 11 February 1963[232] See South Korea–Switzerland relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Switzerland began on 11 February 1963.

  Sri Lanka 7 November 1956

See Sri Lanka-Switzerland relations

  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Bern,Switzerland.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Colombo.
  Thailand 28 May 1931 See Foreign relations of Thailand

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1931.

  • Thailand has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bangkok.
  Turkey See Switzerland–Turkey relations
  United Arab Emirates 12 September 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1973.
  Vietnam 11 October 1971

Europe

edit
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Albania 20 July 1970
  • Albania has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tirana.

See Albanians in Switzerland

  Austria 1687 See Austria–Switzerland relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  Belarus 1992
  Belgium 30 September 1845 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1845 when Constantin Rodenbach has been appointed as first Belgian Charge d'Affaires to Switzerland.[235]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Brussels.
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  Bulgaria 1905
  Croatia
  Cyprus
  • Cyprus is accredited to Switzerland from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nicosia.
  Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Prague.
  Denmark 1875 See Denmark–Switzerland relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Copenhagen.
  Finland
  • Finland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  France April 1521 See France–Switzerland relations
  Germany 1871 See Germany–Switzerland relations
  Greece 8 October 1917 See Greece–Switzerland relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Athens.
  Hungary
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Budapest.
  Ireland
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin.
  Italy 12 February 1860 See Italy–Switzerland relations
  • Italy has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva, Lugano and Zürich and a consulate in Basel.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan.
  Kosovo See Kosovo–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Kosovo on 27 February 2008.[241] Switzerland has an embassy in Pristina since 28 March 2008.[242] Kosovo will open an embassy in Bern. In September 2008, Swiss authorities initially expressed reservation for Designate Ambassador Naim Mala due to his double nationality[243] but latter accepted him. Switzerland currently has 212 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force.[244]

  Liechtenstein See Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations
  Moldova 2 September 1992 See Moldova–Switzerland relations
  Netherlands
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in The Hague.
  Norway
  • Norway has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Oslo.
  Poland
  • Poland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Warsaw.
  Portugal
  • Portugal has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva and Zürich and consular offices in Lugano and Sion.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate in Porto.
  Romania See Romania–Switzerland relations

Since the 1990s, Switzerland has helped Romania financially, for a total sum of 140 million Swiss Francs between 1996 and 2006, and an additional 23 million Francs in 2006–2007. Switzerland has become the 12th largest foreign investor in Romania.[245] In 2005, Romania exported goods to Switzerland for a total of 206 million Swiss Francs, with Switzerland exporting for 547 million Swiss Francs to Romania, making Romania the biggest partner of Switzerland in South-West Europe.[246] By 2006, this had increased by 26% from Romania and 38% from Switzerland.[247]

  • Romania has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bucharest.
  Russia 1816 See Russia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland opened a consulate in Saint Petersburg in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946.

  Serbia 1916 See Serbia–Switzerland relations
  Slovakia
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bratislava.
  Slovenia
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  Spain See Spain–Switzerland relations
  • Spain has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Madrid.
  Sweden
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  Ukraine 1991 See Switzerland–Ukraine relations
  United Kingdom See Switzerland–United Kingdom relations
  • Switzerland has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Bern.

Oceania

edit
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Australia 1961 See Australia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland opened a consulate in Sydney in 1855 and one in Melbourne in 1856. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961.

  New Zealand 1963

Switzerland opened a consulate in Auckland in 1912. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963.

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ (in French) François Modoux, "La Suisse engagera 300 millions pour rénover le Palais des Nations", Le Temps, Friday 28 June 2013, page 9.
  2. ^ "Why did Switzerland only join the United Nations in 2002?". IamExpat.ch. 24 October 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  3. ^ "Switzerland and the UN: a long history". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Switzerland elected to UN Security Council". SWI swissinfo.ch. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  5. ^ "Switzerland confirms UN Security Council priorities". 31 August 2022.
  6. ^ International peace-keeping operations. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Federal Administration admin.ch. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  7. ^ "SWISSCOY (Kosovo)". Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013. Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. Federal Administration admin.ch. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  8. ^ Schelbert, Leo (2014). "Good offices". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 153. ISBN 9781442233522.
  9. ^ ""La voix suisse des Etats-Unis à Cuba se tait". Le Temps (in French). 11 September 2015. ISSN 1423-3967. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  10. ^ AFP. "Saudi embassy in Iran resumes operations following seven-year hiatus". timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  11. ^ http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/groupgst/en/home/peace/peace/laufende/afghanistan/factsheet.html[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "The Swiss Role in Palestinian Politics". Fanack.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  13. ^ Noack, Rick; Westfall, Sammy (28 February 2022). "In move to sanction Russia, Switzerland breaks from long tradition". Washington Post.
  14. ^ "Russia rejects protecting power mandate agreed by Switzerland and Ukraine". swissinfo.ch. 11 August 2022.
  15. ^ SRF Tagesschau vom 18.4.2023 (in German). Accessed 19 April 2023.
  16. ^ "Mining and minerals trade discussed by Saudi industry minister and Swiss officials" Arab News. 5 May 2023. Accessed 7 May 2023.
  17. ^ "Saudi officials arrive in Iran to discuss reopening diplomatic missions" Arab News. Accessed 7 May 2023.
  18. ^ "L'amitié franco-suisse célébrée à Fribourg". 29 November 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  19. ^ "Nunciature to Switzerland". Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  20. ^ Horn, D.B. (1932). British Diplomatic Representatives: 1689–1789. p. 144.
  21. ^ "Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap in Zwitserland, (1912) 1914–1954 (1955)" (in Dutch). p. 9. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  22. ^ "ВОЗРОЖДАЯ МИЛОСЕРДИЕ – МИЛОСЕРДИЕМ ВОЗРОДИМСЯ" (in Russian). 28 March 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Uruguay and Switzerland – cultural and economic Benefits from new Market opportunities". Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Registro De Fechas De Establecimiento De Rd" (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  25. ^ Dictionnaire historique & biographique de la Suisse : publié avec la recommandation de la Société générale suisse d'histoire et sous la direction de Marcel Godet, Henri Türler [et] Victor Attinger avec de nombreux collaborateurs de tous les cantons (in French). 2024 [1921]. p. 23.
  26. ^ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  27. ^ "Todos los países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  28. ^ Annuario diplomatico del Regno d'Italia ... (in Italian). Italia : Ministero degli affari esteri. 1886. p. 59. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  29. ^ Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Japan, ed. (1874). Treaties and Conventions concluded between Empire of Japan and Foreign Nations, together with Regulations and Communications 1854–1874. Tokyo: Nisshu-sha Printing Office. pp. table of contents.
  30. ^ "Política Bilateral" (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  31. ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  32. ^ "RS 0.142.113.141 Traité d'amitié, de commerce et d'établissement du 10 février 1875 entre la Suisse et le Danemark (avec art. add.)". Government of Switzerland. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  33. ^ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  34. ^ Revista del Comercio Exterior (in Spanish). Vol. 7. Mexico. Dirección General de Comercio Exterior y del Servicio Consular. 1942. pp. 39–41.
  35. ^ "Relaciones políticas entre Perú y Suiza". Embajada del Perú en Suiza y Liechtenstein. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  36. ^ "Habilitan Consulado Honorario de Paraguay en Pratteln, Suiza" (in Spanish). 13 May 2019.
  37. ^ "Schweden". Historiches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (in German). 24 February 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  38. ^ "Relación Bilateral" (in Spanish).
  39. ^ Memoria (in Spanish). Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. 2011. p. 470.
  40. ^ Egbert, Lawrence Deems; Cooper, Donald H. (1941). Manual de referencia de tratados comerciales latinoamericanos (in Spanish). United States Tariff Commission. p. 113.
  41. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Switzerland".
  42. ^ "La República de Cuba y la Confederación Suiza celebran hoy el 120 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas". Cancillería de Cuba (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  43. ^ "Telaciones Diplomáticas de la República de Panamá" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  44. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  45. ^ "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  46. ^ "Europa" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  47. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  48. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  49. ^ "Bilateral cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  50. ^ Almanach de Gotha (in French). Gotha, Germany : Justus Perthes. 1919. p. 918. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Représentation d'Etats étrangers en Suisse". amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch. p. 82. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  52. ^ Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968–2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1990 (in Hungarian). 1990. pp. 85 (164).
  53. ^ "Agents diplomatiques en Suisse" (in French). p. 60. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Polska w Szwajcarii" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  55. ^ Skřivan, Aleš; Suppan, Arnold (2008). Prague Papers on History of International Relations: 2008 (in German). Institute of World History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Prague. p. 265.
  56. ^ "Tchécoslovaquie" (in French). 7 January 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  57. ^ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  58. ^ "Abkommen zwischen der Schweiz und Afghanistan" (in German). Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  59. ^ "Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs met with Ambassador of Switzerland to Thailand on the occasion of the 90th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Thailand and Switzerland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  60. ^ Béat de Fischer (1956). Contributions à la connaissance des relations suisses-égyptiennes d'environ 100 à 1949 (in French). Presses de la Maison Ramos, Afonso & Moita. p. 167.
  61. ^ "Relaciones entre Suiza y la República Dominicana". 9 August 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  62. ^ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  63. ^ "Bilateral Trade between Switzerland and Ireland". Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Ordre de préséance de MM. les chefs de Mission". Département politique 1942 (in French). p. 79.
  65. ^ "As part of the celebrations of 75 years of diplomatic relations ..." Swiss Consulate in Montreal on Facebook. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  66. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Austria". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  67. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Syria". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  68. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Lima". Dodis (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  69. ^ "Histoire de l'Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et des relations bilatérales". Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et au Liechtenstein (in French). Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  70. ^ Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston. British Documents on Foreign Affairs – reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East · Volume 7. 1999. p. 80.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  72. ^ "India-Switzerland Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  73. ^ "Celebrating 75th years of Jordan-Swiss diplomatic relations". The Jordan Times. 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  74. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Pakistan". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  75. ^ "When Switzerland recognised the new China". SWI swissinfo.ch. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  76. ^ Israel Digest: A Bi-weekly Summary of News from Israel. Vol. II. 1951. pp. D.
  77. ^ "Was die Schweiz mit Indonesien verbindet". eda.admin.ch (in German). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  78. ^ "Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft". Botschaft der Republik Indonesien in Bern, Schweiz (in German). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  79. ^ "Swiss Embassy in Pretoria". dodis.ch. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  80. ^ "More about the bilateral relations between Switzerland and Ethiopia". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  81. ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  82. ^ "Au Conseil fédéral. Création d'une représentation diplomatique permanente en Arabie séoudite". Dodis (in French). Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  83. ^ 1959 Ferguson's Ceylon Directory. 1959. p. 243.
  84. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  85. ^ "28.11.1956 (Mittwoch)". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  86. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Tunisia". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  87. ^ "Swiss National Day and 60 years of Diplomatic Relations between Myanmar and Switzerland". mfaic.gov.kh. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  88. ^ "Swiss Embassy in Guatemala". Dodis (in French). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  89. ^ "Philippines, Switzerland agree to strengthen political and economic cooperation". 28 February 2014. Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  90. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  91. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nicaragua". Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  92. ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  93. ^ "Our Diplomatic Relations". Government of Somalia. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  94. ^ a b c d "No 1631. Nomination de M. René Keller en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la Confédération suisse au Ghana, en Guinée, au Libéria et au Togo, avec résidence à Accra; sa promotion au grade de ministre de II classe". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  95. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nigeria". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  96. ^ Sudan Almanac. Republic of the Sudan. 1961. p. 57.
  97. ^ "Information about Person: Keller, René". Dodis (in French). Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  98. ^ "Tribolet, Jean-Jacques de Est également accrédité en Mauritanie. Nomination par le Conseil fédéral le 26.5.1961, cf. PVCF No 935". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  99. ^ "Stroehlin, Jean Est également accrédité en Dahomey, en Haute-Volta et au Niger. Nomination par le Conseil fédéral le 26.5.1961". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  100. ^ "1961 Aufnahme der dipl. Beziehungen, vgl. Bundesratsbeschluss Nr. 935 vom 26.5.1961". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  101. ^ "AUST. TO HAVE SWISS EMBASSY". The Canberra Times. 3 June 1961. p. 3. Retrieved 13 November 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  102. ^ "Madagascar et la Suisse fêtent aujourd'hui 60 ans de relations bilatérales le 13 juin 1961".
  103. ^ "Diplomatie cooperation ivoro-suisse: la deuxieme session du dialogue politique bilateral s'ouvre a Abidjan autour de cinq points majeurs". gouv.ci. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  104. ^ "Information about Person: Bossi, Walter". dodis.ch. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  105. ^ Europe, France outremer – Issues 382–392 (in French). 1961. p. 61.
  106. ^ "Newsletter 1/2020" (PDF). sagw.ch (in French). p. 31. Retrieved 23 February 2024. ... Giovanni Enrico Bucher ambassadeur de Suisse au Cameroun avec résidence à Lagos.Le 9 novembre 1961, il présenta ses lettres de créance au président Ahmadou Ahidjo ...
  107. ^ Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383–392 (in French). Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. 1961. p. 49.
  108. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in Kinshasa (1962...)". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  109. ^ Pedone (1963). Revue génerale de droit international public, 67 (in French). p. 124.
  110. ^ External Affairs Review Volume 12. New Zealand. Department of External Affairs. 1962. p. 11. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  111. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  112. ^ Staats-kalender der Schweizerischen eidgenossenschaft Annuaire de la Confédération suisse. Annuario della Confederazione svizzera (in German). Switzerland. Bundeskanzlei, Switzerland. Militärdepartment. 1962. p. 56.
  113. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in Kuala Lumpur" (in German, English, and French). Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  114. ^ "Countries & Regions". Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  115. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in Kigali" (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  116. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts. Vol. 234–235. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963. pp. K3.
  117. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Abuja". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  118. ^ The Diplomatic Press Trade Directory of Trinidad and Tobago 1963–64. Diplomatic and Publishing Company. 1964. p. 45.
  119. ^ Études congolaises Volume 6 (in French). Institut politiques congolais and Center de recheret d'information socio-politiques. 1964. p. 71. 13 Janvier ... - M. Marcionelli, ambassadeur de Suisse , présente ses lettres de créance au Mwami Mwambutsa à Bujumbura .
  120. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Léopoldville". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  121. ^ a b c "Ambassade de Suisse à Kinshasa (1962...)". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  122. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Nairobi (1964...)". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  123. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 41.
  124. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. pp. 4–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  125. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Tanzania". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  126. ^ "Press Release by the Office of the President "There is much room for us to explore all possibilities to increase our collaborations at all levels" – President Coleiro Preca". 31 October 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  127. ^ Diplomatic and Consular List. Gambia. Government Printer. 1967. p. 1.
  128. ^ Diplomatic and Consular List Issue 3. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs. 1967. p. 1.
  129. ^ "Today in Kuwait's history". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). 21 February 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  130. ^ "List of Member States of the United Nations (193) Having Diplomatic Relations With Cambodia". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  131. ^ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  132. ^ a b "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  133. ^ "No 1733. Relations diplomatiques avec la République de Guinée Equatoriale. Nomination de M. Fritz Real en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire à Santa Isabel". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  134. ^ Mauritius Directory of the Diplomatic Corps; High Commissions, Embassies, Consulates, International Organization[s]. Mauritius. Ministry of External Affairs, Tourism, and Emigration. 1970. p. 46.
  135. ^ "Aufnahme der diplomatischen Beziehungen mit Swaziland". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  136. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  137. ^ "Swiss Confederation". vietnam.gov.vn. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  138. ^ Revue générale de droit international public droit des gens-histoire diplomatique-droit pénal-droit fiscal-droit administratif · Volume 77, Issue 3 (in French). A. Pedone. 1973. p. 788.
  139. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Yemen". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  140. ^ a b c d "Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen mit Bahrain, Katar, Oman und der Föderation der arabischen Emirate. Akkreditierung von Herrn Max Casanova als Botschafter in diesen Ländern, mit Sitz in Djeddah". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  141. ^ The Annual Register, Volume 216. Longmans. 1974. p. 182.
  142. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  143. ^ Switzerland-Mozambique establish diplomatic relations. State Department cable 1976-22109. 1976. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  144. ^ Guidelines of the Foreign Policy of Papua New Guinea: Universalism. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Papua New Guinea. 1976. p. 55.
  145. ^ "Swiss government announces establishment of diplomatic relations with Angola". archive.org. 1976. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  146. ^ "Etablissement des relations diplomatiques entre la Suisse et l'État comorien". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  147. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  148. ^ "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  149. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–St. Vincent and the Grenadines". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  150. ^ "List of Countries With Which Barbados has Diplomatic Relations by Regions". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  151. ^ Le Mois en Afrique – Issues 170–179 (in French). 1980. p. 133.
  152. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Cabo Verde". Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  153. ^ "La République des Seychelles et la Suisse fêtent aujourd'hui 40 ans de relations bilatérales" (in French). 10 March 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  154. ^ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  155. ^ "Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Samoa. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  156. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Grenada". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  157. ^ "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). mfaicet.gov.vu. p. 49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  158. ^ "Visite à Berne de M. Moumin Bahdon Farah, Ministre des affaires étrangères de la République de Djibouti, le 6.5.1983. Relations bilatérales Suisse–Djibouti". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  159. ^ "Guinée-Bissau – Présentation des Lettres de créance" (in French). Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  160. ^ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chronology of Antigua and Barbudas Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  161. ^ "Swiss representation in Brunei Darussalam" (in French). Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  162. ^ "Entretien avec C. da Costa PM de Sao Tomé-et-Principe, Genève le 7.3.1989". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  163. ^ Report of the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Year... Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tonga. 1985. p. 4.
  164. ^ "Bhutan-Switzerland Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  165. ^ "Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  166. ^ "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  167. ^ Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state" (PDF). pp. 254–259.
  168. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  169. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  170. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  171. ^ "Swiss Confederation". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  172. ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  173. ^ Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  174. ^ "European countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  175. ^ "10-year anniversary of Belarus–Switzerland diplomatic relations". 11 February 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  176. ^ "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  177. ^ "Switzerland - Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  178. ^ "States with Which The Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations". Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  179. ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  180. ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  181. ^ "States With Which Turkmenistan Established Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  182. ^ "Bilateral relations". MFA Moldova. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  183. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  184. ^ "List of States Which Which The Republic of Tajikistan Established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  185. ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  186. ^ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  187. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  188. ^ Eritrea Update. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992.
  189. ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  190. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  191. ^ "Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  192. ^ a b "Diplomatic relations between Switzerland and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  193. ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  194. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nauru". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  195. ^ "Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Suisse et la République de Kiribati (Le Conseil fédéral Le portail du Gouvernement suisse) (in French)". Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  196. ^ "Europe". Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  197. ^ "Dominica Receives New Swiss Ambassador". Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  198. ^ "GG Welcomes First Swiss Ambassador To Saint Lucia" (PDF). 10 June 2006. p. 6. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  199. ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  200. ^ "Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. 1 June 2020. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  201. ^ Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  202. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (7 March 2011). "Cook Islands and Switzerland establish diplomatic relations". Cook Islands Government. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  203. ^ "[SouthSudanInfo] GoSS website : latest ..." www.mail-archive.com.
  204. ^ "Switzerland is expanding its network in the PacificIslands". 9 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  205. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Abuja". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  206. ^ Béat de Fischer (1956). Contributions à la connaissance des relations suisses-égyptiennes d'environ 100 à 1949 (in French). Presses de la Maison Ramos, Afonso & Moita. p. 167.
  207. ^ "Ambassade de Suisse à Nairobi (1964...)". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  208. ^ "Uruguay and Switzerland – cultural and economic Benefits from new Market opportunities". Mercosur. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2009. Switzerland and Uruguay feature relatively stable and reliable democracies. And both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations. ... This Swiss settlement was soon to become known for the exceptional quality of its cheese and other dairy products. As transport developed, the farmers began selling their products on an unprecedented scale, notably to Argentina and even to Switzerland. ... Uruguay and Switzerland laid down the cornerstone of their cooperation in 1938: The two countries signed a trade agreement aimed to enhance commercial cooperation. And in 1991, an agreement on the mutual protection of investments became effective.
  209. ^ "Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Uruguay". Switzerland. Retrieved 14 May 2009. The independent Republic of Uruguay came into being in 1828 and became a popular destination for Swiss migrants. It was German-Swiss farmers who in 1862–63 founded the colony of Nueva Helvecia. They introduced cheese-making and other agricultural innovations. Immigrants from Ticino were successful as skilled builders, artists and also footballers.
  210. ^ "Uruguay to Honor the Swiss". The New York Times. 4 June 1944.
  211. ^ "President Calls for Commission Government Like Switzerland's to Overcome Defects". The New York Times. 21 September 1931. Retrieved 14 May 2009. President Terra said today that Uruguay's experiment with the commission form of government, with divided executive power, had failed and the time had arrived to rewrite the Constitution and adopt a commission form like that of Switzerland or abolish the ...
  212. ^ Lijphart, Arend (1980). Democracy in plural societies. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02494-0. Switzerland and republican Austria have not been colonial powers, but some attention should be paid to the case of Uruguay for which Swiss democracy served ...
  213. ^ "Key data for the Oriental Republic of Uruguay". Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
  214. ^ "Gold Flows to 'Switzerland of Americas' Since Korean War". The New York Times. 3 January 1951. Retrieved 14 May 2009. Uruguay's role as the "Switzerland of the Americas" was emphasized late in 1950 as ...
  215. ^ Thomas J. Knight, Latin America comes of age (Scarecrow Press, 1979), 24.
  216. ^ "Switzerland". Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  217. ^ "Error". admin.ch.
  218. ^ Representations in Switzerland. Eda.admin.ch (14 October 2011). Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  219. ^ Embassy New Delhi. Eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  220. ^ "Error". dfae.ch.
  221. ^ "La présidente indienne Pratibha Devisingh Patil sera en Suisse lundi et mardi pour une visite d'Etat". rts.ch. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  222. ^ "Indonesia and Switzerland Share Common Principles". Jakarta Globe. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  223. ^ "Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Indonesia". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  224. ^ "List of Agreements Between the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  225. ^ "북한 스위스 수교 : 네이버 통합검색". search.naver.com.
  226. ^ "İLETİŞİM – Cenevre Temsilciliği" (in Turkish). 9 June 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  227. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Pakistan". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  228. ^ [1] .
  229. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 2009-04-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  230. ^ "Representative Office of Switzerland Ramallah". www.eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  231. ^ "Philippine Embassy | Bern, Switzerland". Philembassyberne.ch. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
  232. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013.
  233. ^ "주 스위스 대한민국 대사관". overseas.mofa.go.kr.
  234. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in der Republik Korea". eda.admin.ch.
  235. ^ Dictionnaire historique & biographique de la Suisse : publié avec la recommandation de la Société générale suisse d'histoire et sous la direction de Marcel Godet, Henri Türler [et] Victor Attinger avec de nombreux collaborateurs de tous les cantons (in French). 2024 [1921]. p. 23.
  236. ^ "Министерство на външните работи". Министерство на външните работи. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  237. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in Bulgarien". eda.admin.ch.
  238. ^ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Švicarska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 30 January 1992. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  239. ^ "Embassy of France in Bern".
  240. ^ "Embassy of Switzerland in Paris".
  241. ^ "Bundesrat anerkennt Kosovo" (in German). Tages-Anzeiger. 27 February 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  242. ^ "Switzerland set to open embassy in Kosovo". Swissinfo. 28 March 2008.[permanent dead link]
  243. ^ "20 minutes – Berne a émis des réserves sur la nomination de Naim Mala – Suisse". 20 Minutes. 25 September 2008.
  244. ^ "Kosovo Force (KFOR)" www.nato.int Link accessed 21-07-09
  245. ^ "Les relations économiques entre la Roumanie et la Suisse s'amélioreront après l'adhésion à l'UE, estime la ministre suisse des AE" (in French). Investir en Roumanie. 6 June 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  246. ^ "Micheline Calmy-Rey est en visite officielle en Roumanie". Swissinfo (in French). 6 June 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2009.[dead link]
  247. ^ "Suisse-Roumanie: du pain sur la planche". Swissinfo (in French). 4 December 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
  248. ^ "Serbian embassy in Bern". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  249. ^ Serbian general consulate in Zürich (in German only)
  250. ^ "Embassy of Switzerland in Serbia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  251. ^ "Erstmals über eine Million EU- und EFTA Angehörige in der Schweiz". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. 14 October 2008.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland&oldid=1255338624"