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International students in the United States

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Studying in the United States.

The United States is a popular destination for international students. This can include primary, secondary and post-secondary students. Studying abroad is determined in the United States by political rationales of national security and foreign policy.[1] The number of students studying abroad represents only about 1% of all students enrolled at institutions of higher education in the United States.[2]

History

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Due to COVID-19 and the restrictions, there was a significant drop of 72% for new international students enrolling to schools in US compared to 2019.[3]

Education and expenses for the students primarily comes from personal or family source, foreign government, or overseas sponsors.[4] The decline in influx of the international students coming to US has caused an economic loss of $1.17 billion to United States.[5]

Countries of origin

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Top 15 sending places of origin and percentage of total foreign student enrollment 2018–19[6][7]
Rank Place of origin Number of students Students per million of home country's population
1   China 289,000 33.7% 262
2   India 268,014 18.4% 144
3   South Korea 52,250 4.8% 1011
4   Saudi Arabia 37,080 3.4% 1030
5   Canada 26,122 2.4% 687
6   Vietnam 24,392 2.2% 251
7   Taiwan 23,369 2.1% 990
8   Japan 18,105 1.7% 144
9   Brazil 16,059 1.5% 75
10   Mexico 15,229 1.4% 120
11   Nigeria 13,423 1.2% 63
12   Pakistan 13,229 1.2% 441
13   Iran 12,142 1.1% 138
14   United Kingdom 11,146 1.0% 166
15   Turkey 10,159 0.9% 120

Chinese students in the United States

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In 1978, President Jimmy Carter approved virtually unlimited access by Chinese students and academics to the United States, provided that the costs were not paid by the United States.[8]: 92  Coming during the visit by Frank Press to China in July of that year, the decision to handle educational exchanges in this manner pre-dated the normalization of People's Republic of China-United States relations.[8]: 92 

In China, study abroad in United States is increasingly popular. Many students carry on the purpose of acquiring higher and better education in American universities. Chinese students prefer to study in the US because US education focuses on quality education instead of quantity education followed by Chinese system. According to Kun and David (2010), "Traditional Chinese culture places well-educated scholars in the highest social rank. Academic achievement is also an honour to the family. Dedication to scholarship becomes not only a personal goal but also a culture goal for Chinese international students." Students from wealthy and middle-class families can fund their education and bear the expense of visa and education in the US.[9]

From 2000 to 2019, Chinese students studying in the United States increased from 59,939 students to 369,548 (which was 33.7% of the total international students studying in the United States in 2019).[10]

As of 2022, China was by far the largest source of students studying abroad in the United States.[11]: 142  As of that year more than 370,000 tertiary-level students from China were studying in American colleges and universities.[8]: 92–93 

Indian students in the United States

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The number of Indian students in the United States grew from 148,360 in March 2015 to 194,438 in March 2016, a jump of 31.1%, according to the latest 'SEVIS by the Numbers' report.[12] This is second only to China. Indian students contributed $5.01 billion to the US economy in 2015–16 according to the Open Doors data 2016.[13]

As per Opendoor's’ 2021 report, India is the second most common place of origin for international students in the United States while ranking at 22 as a study abroad destination for U.S. students. According to a report by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, these international students in 2020 had an economic impact of approximately $6.2 billion. The total number of international students from India in the years 2018–19 and 2019–20 were 202,014 and 193,124 respectively. This number dropped by 13.2% for the year 2020–21.[14] In the academic years 2019–20 and 2020–2021, the applicants in the Graduate and OPT academic level were approximately equal and about 85% of total international students from India. Approximately 14% applied at the undergraduate level while non-degree applicants were the lowest at 1% or less.[15]

The vast majority of international students from India enrolling for study programs choose STEM field. According to OpenDoors’ 2021 report classifying field of study by place of origin, out of the total 167,582 Indian applicants, 33.5% chose to pursue Engineering while 34.8% chose Math or Computer Science as their field of study. Business and Management studies followed far behind at 11.7%.[16]

Notes and references

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  1. ^ Ross Lewin (2010). The Handbook of Practice and Research in Study Abroad: Higher Education and the Quest for Global Citizenship. Routledge. pp. 212–215. ISBN 978-1-135-85234-4.
  2. ^ "Trends in U.S. Study Abroad". NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Archived from the original on December 19, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  3. ^ "ICE report on international students in US details impact of COVID". www.ice.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  4. ^ "Explainer: What 1.1 million foreign students contribute to the U.S. economy". Reuters. July 8, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  5. ^ "New NAFSA Data Show First Ever Drop in International Student Economic Value to the U.S." NAFSA. November 16, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  6. ^ Duffin, Erin (November 17, 2021). "International students in the U.S., by country of origin 2020/21". Statista.
  7. ^ "Number of International Students in the United States Hits All-Time High". IIE. November 18, 2019.
  8. ^ a b c Lampton, David M. (2024). Living U.S.-China Relations: From Cold War to Cold War. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-8725-8.
  9. ^ "Report Finds China Sends Most International Students to U.S. High Schools". NBC News. August 14, 2017.
  10. ^ Ma, Xinru; Kang, David C. (2024). Beyond Power Transitions: The Lessons of East Asian History and the Future of U.S.-China Relations. Columbia Studies in International Order and Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-231-55597-5.
  11. ^ Roach, Stephen S. (2022). Accidental Conflict: America, China, and the Clash of False Narratives. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-26901-7. OCLC 1347023475.
  12. ^ "Number of Indian students in US jumps 31% - Times of India". The Times of India. April 29, 2016.
  13. ^ "Indian students in the US at record high". BBC News. November 15, 2016.
  14. ^ "IIE Open Doors / India". IIE Open Doors / India. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  15. ^ "IIE Open Doors / India". IIE Open Doors / India. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  16. ^ "IIE Open Doors / Fields of Study by Place of Origin". IIE Open Doors / Fields of Study by Place of Origin. Retrieved December 10, 2021.

Further reading

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