Jacques Laffite

Jacques Laffite
Jacques Laffite
	Laffite in 2015
Born	Jacques-Henri Laffite; 21 November 1943 (age 80); Paris, Nazi-occupied France
Spouses	; Bernadette Cottin (m. 1977⁠–⁠1992) ; Florence Gericot (m. 1993)
Children	2, including Margot
Relatives	Jean-Pierre Jabouille (brother-in-law); Arnaud Tsamere (son-in-law);
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	French
Active years	1974–1986
Teams	Frank Williams, Ligier, Williams
Entries	180 (176 starts)
Championships	0
Wins	6
Podiums	32
Career points	228
Pole positions	7
Fastest laps	7
First entry	1974 German Grand Prix
First win	1977 Swedish Grand Prix
Last win	1981 Canadian Grand Prix
Last entry	1986 British Grand Prix
24 Hours of Le Mans career
Years	1972–1974, 1977–1978, 1990, 1993–1994, 1996
Teams	Ligier, Renault, Mirage, Porsche, Venturi, Larbre, McLaren
Best finish	8th (1974)
Class wins	0

Jacques-Henri Laffite (French pronunciation: [ʒak ɑ̃.ʁi la.fit]; born 21 November 1943) is a French former racing driver and broadcaster, who competed in Formula One from 1974 to 1986. Laffite won six Formula One Grands Prix across 13 seasons.

Born and raised in Paris, Laffite trained as a racing driver with the Winfield Racing School at Magny-Cours in 1968. Laffite twice entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans with Ligier before making his Formula One debut at the 1974 German Grand Prix with Frank Williams. Laffite remained at Frank Williams through the 1975 season, scoring his maiden podium at the German Grand Prix and winning the European Formula Two Championship with Martini. He moved to Ligier in 1976, taking several podiums amongst his maiden pole position in Italy. Laffite retained his seat the following season, taking his maiden win at the Swedish Grand Prix. After a winless season in 1978, Ligier constructed the highly-competitive JS11 in response to the ground effect era. Laffite won the opening two rounds of the 1979 season—including a grand slam at the Brazilian Grand Prix—but ultimately finished the championship in fourth after suffering eight retirements. Laffite again finished fourth in the 1980 and 1981 championships, losing out on the latter by six points to Nelson Piquet and taking several wins across both. Laffite failed to finish 11 of 15 Grands Prix in 1982, leaving for Williams at the end of the season. After two winless seasons with Williams, amongst further reliability issues, Laffite returned to Ligier in 1985, scoring several podiums. At the 1986 British Grand Prix, Laffite was seriously injured in a multi-car collision that broke both of his legs. He subsequently retired from Formula One, having achieved six wins, seven pole positions, seven fastest laps and 32 podiums.

Outside of Formula One, Laffite was a race-winner in the World Sportscar Championship with Kauhsen, as well as in the BMW M1 Procar Championship with BMW. He competed in the World Touring Car Championship in 1987 with Alfa Corse, and the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft from 1990 to 1992. Laffite entered nine editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1972 to 1996 across multiple classes. Upon retiring from motor racing, Laffite was a presenter for TF1 from 1997 to 2012.

Early years

Jacques-Henri Laffite was born in Paris on 21 November 1943. He attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school.^[4] He was trained as a racing driver in 1968 at Winfield Racing School in France.

Formula One career

Laffite debuted in Formula One in 1974 for Frank Williams' Iso–Marlboro team. The following year he raced for the same team, now named Williams, scoring a second place in the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring.

Laffite's 1979 Ligier JS11 being demonstrated at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed

Laffite demonstrating the Ligier JS19 chassis at the 1982 Pau Grand Prix

In 1976 Laffite moved to the French Ligier team, scoring 20 points and a pole position at the Italian Grand Prix. The next two seasons were transitional, although he managed to win his first Grand Prix at Anderstorp in the 1977 Swedish Grand Prix.

The 1979 season opened with Laffite winning the first two races. He fought for the World Championship title until the last races, but eventually placed only fourth, with 36 points. The following two seasons were similar, with two more fourth places in the Championship and a further three victories. In 1982, however, Laffite finished only 17th in the final classification, with only 5 points scored.

During the early 1980s, Laffite also made three end of season trips to Australia to race in the non-championship Australian Grand Prix. He failed to finish his first race in 1981 (he was lucky to start after his car hit the wall on the outside of the last turn of the short (1.609 km (1.000 mi)) Calder Park Raceway in qualifying, but his local crew were able to repair it for the race). He finished second to fellow Frenchman Alain Prost in 1982, and third behind Brazilian Roberto Moreno and Australian John Smith in 1983. In all of his pre-Formula One AGP drives, Laffite drove a Formula Pacific or Formula Mondial Ralt RT4 powered by a 1.6-litre Ford I4 engine.

Results in the next two seasons were not much better, when he moved back to England, again to race for Williams (11 and 5 points, respectively). Now in his forties, Laffite returned to Ligier in 1985: in that season he was on the podium three times (Great Britain, Germany and Australia), for a total of 16 points. In 1986 he scored 14 points including two more podium finishes in the first half of the season, but he broke both legs in a crash at the start of the British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch and thereafter retired from Formula One, ending his career tied with Graham Hill for the most Grand Prix starts at 176. He was the most successful driver in Ligier's history, having taken six of their nine wins.

As a result of Laffite's injuries, new safety rules were enforced from the 1988 season that stated that in all cars the driver's feet must be behind the front axle line.

Post-Formula One career

Laffite recovered from his injuries and later raced in touring cars, finishing 17th in the inaugural World Touring Car Championship driving an Alfa Romeo 75 for Alfa Corse as well as racing three seasons in the German-based DTM series.

He is now a television commentator for the French network TF1, best known for his reaction to the incident at the 1997 European Grand Prix in which Michael Schumacher collided with Jacques Villeneuve, and Laffite reacted with curse words on live television.

Laffite made his 2007 FIA GT3 European Championship debut at the 2008 Bucharest City Challenge, driving for AutoGT Racing Team. ^[5]

In October 2008, at the age of 64, he tested a Renault R27 F1 car at the Paul Ricard circuit.^[6]

Laffite has two daughters: Camille and Margot, a sports journalist of Formula One on Canal+. He is also golf enthusiast, is a shareholder of Dijon-Bourgogne Golf.

Also deeply attached to the Creuse for Golf Fisheries and nature, he has a property in Creuse near Aubusson.

Racing record

Career summary

Season	Series	Team	Races	Wins	Poles	F/Laps	Podiums	Points	Position
1972	24 Hours of Le Mans	Automobiles Ligier	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	DNF
1973	24 Hours of Le Mans	Automobiles Ligier	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	DSQ
1974	European Formula Two	BP Racing France	10	1	1	1	5	31	3rd
	Formula One	Frank Williams Racing Cars	5	0	0	0	0	0	NC
	24 Hours of Le Mans	Automobiles Ligier	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	8th
1975	European Formula Two	Automobiles Martini	14	6	5	4	7	60	1st
	Formula One	Frank Williams Racing Cars	10	0	0	0	1	6	12th
	World Sportscar Championship	Willi Kauhsen Racing Team	3	3	0	0	3	60	NC
1976	Formula One	Ligier Gitanes	16	0	1	1	3	20	7th
	World Sportscar Championship	Equipe Renault Elf	4	0	3	0	1	15	NC
	European Formula Two	Fred Opert Racing	2	0	0	1	2	0	NC‡
	European Formula Two	Willi Kauhsen Racing Team	1	0	0	0	0	0	NC‡
1977	Formula One	Ligier Gitanes	17	1	0	1	2	18	10th
	European Formula Two	Fred Opert Racing	3	0	0	0	0	0	NC
	24 Hours of Le Mans	Renault Sport	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	DNF
1978	Formula One	Ligier Gitanes	16	0	0	0	2	19	8th
	European Formula Two	Maublanc Racing Services	2	0	0	0	0	0	NC
	24 Hours of Le Mans	Grand Touring Cars Inc.	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	10th
1979	Formula One	Équipe Ligier Gitanes	15	2	4	2	6	36	4th
1979	BMW M1 Procar Championship	BMW Motorsport	4	1	1	0	2	35	7th
1980	Formula One	Équipe Ligier Gitanes	14	1	1	1	5	34	4th
1980	BMW M1 Procar Championship	BMW Motorsport	6	0	1	0	1	37	9th
1981	Formula One	Équipe Talbot Gitanes	15	2	1	1	7	44	4th
1982	Formula One	Équipe Talbot Gitanes	15	0	0	0	1	5	17th
1983	Formula One	TAG Williams Team	13	0	0	0	0	11	11th
1984	Formula One	Williams Grand Prix Engineering	16	0	0	0	0	5	14th
1985	Formula One	Équipe Ligier Équipe Ligier Gitanes	15	0	0	1	3	16	9th
1986	Formula One	Équipe Ligier	9	0	0	0	2	14	8th
1987	World Touring Car Championship	Alfa Corse	6	0	0	0	0	86	17th
1990	Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft	Bigazzi M Team	21	1	0	3	3	107	7th
1990	24 Hours of Le Mans	Joest Porsche Racing	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	14th
1991	Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft	Snobeck S.A.	21	0	2	1	3	81	11th
1992	Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft	MS Racing	23	0	0	1	0	43	13th
1993	24 Hours of Le Mans	Jacadi Racing	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	DNF
1994	24 Hours of Le Mans	Larbre Compétition	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	DNF
1996	24 Hours of Le Mans	Team Bigazzi SRL	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	11th
2007	FIA GT3 European Championship	AutoGT Racing	6	0	0	0	0	0	22nd
2008	FIA GT3 European Championship	AutoGT Racing	7	0	0	0	0	0	29th
2013	Eurocup Mégane Trophy	Oregon Team	1	0	0	0	0	0	NC†

^‡ Graded drivers not eligible for European Formula Two Championship points

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Year	Team	Co-Drivers	Car	Class	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1972	Automobiles Ligier	Pierre Maublanc	Ligier JS2-Maserati	S 3.0	195	DNF	DNF
1973	Automobiles Ligier	Guy Ligier	Ligier JS2-Maserati	S 3.0	24	DSQ	DSQ
1974	Automobiles Ligier	Alain Serpaggi	Ligier JS2-Maserati	S 3.0	310	8th	5th
1977	Renault Sport	Patrick Depailler	Renault Alpine A442	S +2.0	289	DNF	DNF
1978	Grand Touring Cars Inc.	Vern Schuppan Sam Posey	Mirage M9-Renault	S +2.0	293	10th	5th
1990	Joest Porsche Racing	Henri Pescarolo Jean-Louis Ricci	Porsche 962C	C1	328	14th	14th
1993	Jacadi Racing	Michel Maisonneuve Christophe Dechavanne	Venturi 500LM-Renault	GT	210	DNF	DNF
1994	Larbre Compétition	Jacques Alméras Jean-Marie Alméras	Porsche 911 Carrera RSR	GT2	94	DNF	DNF
1996	Team Bigazzi SRL	Steve Soper Marc Duez	McLaren F1 GTR-BMW	GT1	318	11th	9th

Complete European Formula Two Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	Pos.	Pts
1974	BP Racing France	March 742	BMW M12	BAR Ret	HOC 10	PAU 2	SAL 1	HOC 2	MUG Ret	KAR 3	PER 7	HOC 18	VAL 3					3rd	31
1975	Automobiles Martini	Martini Mk 16	BMW M12	EST 1	THR 1	HOC Ret	NÜR 1	PAU 1	HOC 1	SAL NC	ROU Ret	MUG Ret	PER 1	SIL Ret	ZOL Ret	NOG Ret	VAL 2	1st	60
1976	Fred Opert Racing	Chevron B35	BMW	HOC	THR	VAL	SAL	PAU 2	HOC	ROU	MUG	PER	EST	NOG 2				NC	0^‡
1976	Willi Kauhsen Racing Team	March 762	Hart												HOC Ret			NC	0^‡
1977	Fred Opert Racing	Chevron B40	Hart	SIL	THR	HOC 7	NÜR	VAL	PAU 10	MUG	ROU	NOG Ret	PER	MIS	EST	DON		NC	0
1978	Maublanc Racing Services	March 782	BMW	THR	HOC	NÜR	PAU 11	MUG	VAL	ROU	DON	NOG Ret	PER	MIS	HOC			NC	0

^‡ Graded drivers not eligible for European Formula Two Championship points

Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	WDC	Pts
1974	Frank Williams Racing Cars	Iso–Marlboro FW	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	NED	FRA	GBR	GER Ret	AUT NC	ITA Ret	CAN 15	USA Ret			NC	0
1975	Frank Williams Racing Cars	Williams FW02	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	ARG Ret	BRA 11	RSA NC	ESP														12th	6
1975	Frank Williams Racing Cars	Williams FW04	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8					MON DNQ	BEL Ret	SWE	NED Ret	FRA 11	GBR Ret	GER 2	AUT Ret	ITA Ret	USA DNS				12th	6
1976	Ligier Gitanes	Ligier JS5	Matra MS73 3.0 V12	BRA Ret	RSA Ret	USW 4	ESP 12	BEL 3	MON 12	SWE 4	FRA 14	GBR DSQ	GER Ret	AUT 2	NED Ret	ITA 3	CAN Ret	USA Ret	JPN 7		7th	20
1977	Ligier Gitanes	Ligier JS7	Matra MS76 3.0 V12	ARG NC	BRA Ret	RSA Ret	USW 9	ESP 7	MON 7	BEL Ret	SWE 1	FRA 8	GBR 6	GER Ret	AUT Ret	NED 2	ITA 8	USA 7	CAN Ret	JPN 5	10th	18
1978	Ligier Gitanes	Ligier JS7	Matra MS76 3.0 V12	ARG 16	BRA 9		USW 5														8th	19
		Ligier JS7/9	Matra MS78 3.0 V12			RSA 5			BEL 5		SWE 7
		Ligier JS9	Matra MS78 3.0 V12					MON Ret		ESP 3		FRA 7	GBR 10	GER 3	AUT 5	NED 8	ITA 4	USA 11	CAN Ret
1979	Équipe Ligier Gitanes	Ligier JS11	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	ARG 1	BRA 1	RSA Ret	USW Ret	ESP Ret	BEL 2	MON Ret	FRA 8	GBR Ret	GER 3	AUT 3	NED 3	ITA Ret	CAN Ret	USA Ret			4th	36
1980	Équipe Ligier Gitanes	Ligier JS11/15	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	ARG Ret	BRA Ret	RSA 2	USW Ret	BEL 11	MON 2	FRA 3	GBR Ret	GER 1	AUT 4	NED 3	ITA 9	CAN 8	USA 5				4th	34
1981	Équipe Talbot Gitanes	Talbot Ligier JS17	Matra MS81 3.0 V12	USW Ret	BRA 6	ARG Ret	SMR Ret	BEL 2	MON 3	ESP 2	FRA Ret	GBR 3	GER 3	AUT 1	NED Ret	ITA Ret	CAN 1	CPL 6			4th	44
1982	Équipe Talbot Gitanes	Talbot Ligier JS17B	Matra MS81 3.0 V12	RSA Ret	BRA Ret	USW Ret	SMR	BEL 9		DET 6	CAN Ret										17th	5
1982	Équipe Talbot Gitanes	Talbot Ligier JS19	Matra MS81 3.0 V12						MON Ret			NED Ret	GBR Ret	FRA 14	GER Ret	AUT 3	SUI Ret	ITA Ret	CPL Ret		17th	5
1983	TAG Williams Team	Williams FW08C	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	BRA 4	USW 4	FRA 6	SMR 7	MON Ret	BEL 6	DET 5	CAN Ret	GBR 12	GER 6	AUT Ret	NED Ret	ITA DNQ	EUR DNQ				11th	11
1983	TAG Williams Team	Williams FW09	Honda RA163-E 1.5 V6 t															RSA Ret			11th	11
1984	Williams Grand Prix Engineering	Williams FW09	Honda RA163E 1.5 V6 t	BRA Ret	RSA Ret	BEL Ret	SMR Ret	FRA 8	MON 8	CAN Ret	DET 5	DAL 4									14th	5
1984	Williams Grand Prix Engineering	Williams FW09B	Honda RA164E 1.5 V6 t										GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT Ret	NED Ret	ITA Ret	EUR Ret	POR 14		14th	5
1985	Équipe Ligier	Ligier JS25	Renault EF4B 1.5 V6 t	BRA 6	POR Ret	SMR Ret	MON 6														9th	16
1985	Équipe Ligier Gitanes	Ligier JS25	Renault EF4B 1.5 V6 t					CAN 8	DET 12	FRA Ret	GBR 3	GER 3	AUT Ret	NED Ret	ITA Ret	BEL 11	EUR Ret	RSA	AUS 2		9th	16
1986	Équipe Ligier	Ligier JS27	Renault EF4B 1.5 V6 t	BRA 3	ESP Ret	SMR Ret	MON 6	BEL 5	CAN 7	DET 2	FRA 6	GBR Ret	GER	HUN	AUT	ITA	POR	MEX	AUS		8th	14

Complete World Touring Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Team	Car	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	DC	Points
1987	Alfa Corse	Alfa Romeo 75	MNZ	JAR Ret	DIJ ovr:9 cls:5	NUR ovr:9 cls:7	SPA ovr:12 cls:9	BNO ovr:10 cls:8	SIL ovr:10 cls:8	BAT	CAL	WEL	FJI	17th	86

* Overall race position shown. Registered WTCC points paying position may differ.

Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Team	Car	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	Pos.	Pts
1990	Bigazzi M Team	BMW M3 Sport Evo	ZOL 1 6	ZOL 2 4	HOC 1 Ret	HOC 2 DNS	NÜR 1 3	NÜR 2 Ret	AVU 1 4	AVU 2 Ret	MFA 1 7	MFA 2 Ret	WUN 1 14	WUN 2 Ret	NÜR 1 1	NÜR 2 8	NOR 1 8	NOR 2 Ret	DIE 1 18	DIE 2 4	NÜR 1 2	NÜR 2 6	HOC 1 14	HOC 2 5			7th	107
1991	Snobeck S.A.	Mercedes 190E 2.5-16 Evo2	ZOL 1 21	ZOL 2 Ret	HOC 1 5	HOC 2 9	NÜR 1 5	NÜR 2 6	AVU 1 15	AVU 2 21	WUN 1 4	WUN 2 5	NOR 1 13	NOR 2 8	DIE 1 3	DIE 2 Ret	NÜR 1 3	NÜR 2 3	ALE 1 DNS	ALE 2 DNS	HOC 1 12	HOC 2 12	BRN 1 13	BRN 2 Ret	DON 1 5	DON 2 7	11th	81
1992	MS Racing	Mercedes 190E 2.5-16 Evo2	ZOL 1 9	ZOL 2 14	NÜR 1 18	NÜR 2 10	WUN 1 8	WUN 2 6	AVU 1 9	AVU 2 4	HOC 1 7	HOC 2 6	NÜR 1 11	NÜR 2 9	NOR 1 11	NOR 2 11	BRN 1 Ret	BRN 2 13	DIE 1 18	DIE 2 8	ALE 1 10	ALE 2 8	NÜR 1 Ret	NÜR 2 Ret	HOC 1 Ret	HOC 2 DNS	13th	43

Complete Grand Prix Masters results

(key) Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap.

Year	Team	Chassis	Engine	1
2005	Team GMF	Delta Motorsport GPM	Nicholson McLaren 3.5 V8	RSA Ret

Other results

800 km of Dijon: 1st, 1975
1000 km of Monza: 1st, 1975
1000 km of Nürburgring: 1st, 1975
500 km of Monza: 1st, 1988 (class win)
500 km of Nürburgring: 1st, 1988 (class win)
3 hours of Zhuhai: 1st, 1994

Notes

^ The fastest lap at the 1976 Japanese Grand Prix was initially credited to Masahiro Hasemi. This was a measurement mistake and, several days later, Fuji Speedway issued a press release to correct the fastest lap holder of the race to Laffite.^[1] This press release was promptly made known in Japan, and the Japan Automobile Federation and Japanese media corrected the record.^[2]^[3] This correction was not made well known outside Japan; thus, Hasemi is credited with the fastest lap in many record books.

References

^ i-dea archives (14 January 2006), '76 F1イン・ジャパン (1976 F1 World Championship in Japan), Auto Sport Archives 日本の名レース100選 (The 100 Best races in Japan) (in Japanese), vol. 001, San-eishobo Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 77, ISBN 978-4-7796-0007-4, archived from the original on 13 December 2010, retrieved 16 December 2010
^ "Motorsport competition results: 1976 F1 World Championship in Japan" (in Japanese). Japan Automobile Federation. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ "Archive: 1976 F1 World Championship in Japan" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports News. 25 October 1976. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ "Quelques Anciens Celebres". Hattemer. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^ Petr Gabriel (2008), Gétéčka 2007 - Boj až do konce (Fight to a finish) (in Czech and English), Albert Boskovice, p. 103, ISBN 978-80-7326-130-6, archived from the original on 5 December 2021, retrieved 5 December 2021
^ "Jacques Laffite tests Renault F1 car". ESPN F1.com. 13 October 2008. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.

Sporting positions
Preceded by Michel Leclèrel	Critérium de Formule Renault Champion 1972	Succeeded by Christian Debias
Preceded by Patrick Depailler	Monaco Formula Three Race Winner 1973	Succeeded by Tom Pryce
Preceded by Michel Leclère	French Formula Three Champion 1973	Succeeded by Alain Prost (1979)
Preceded by Patrick Depailler	European Formula Two Champion 1975	Succeeded by Jean-Pierre Jabouille
Records
Preceded by Graham Hill 179 entries, 176 starts (1958 – 1975)	Most Grand Prix entries 180 entries, 176 starts (1974 – 1986), 180th entry at the 1986 British GP	Succeeded by Riccardo Patrese 257 entries (256 starts), 181st entry at the 1989 Mexican GP

[4] The fastest lap at the 1976 Japanese Grand Prix was initially credited to Masahiro Hasemi. This was a measurement mistake and, several days later, Fuji Speedway issued a press release to correct the fastest lap holder of the race to Laffite.^[1] This press release was promptly made known in Japan, and the Japan Automobile Federation and Japanese media corrected the record.^[2]^[3] This correction was not made well known outside Japan; thus, Hasemi is credited with the fastest lap in many record books.

[1] -dea archives (14 January 2006), '76 F1イン・ジャパン (1976 F1 World Championship in Japan), Auto Sport Archives 日本の名レース100選 (The 100 Best races in Japan) (in Japanese), vol. 001, San-eishobo Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 77, ISBN 978-4-7796-0007-4, archived from the original on 13 December 2010, retrieved 16 December 2010

[2] "Motorsport competition results: 1976 F1 World Championship in Japan" (in Japanese). Japan Automobile Federation. Retrieved 17 December 2010.

[3] "Archive: 1976 F1 World Championship in Japan" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports News. 25 October 1976. Retrieved 17 December 2010.

[5] "Quelques Anciens Celebres". Hattemer. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.

[6] Petr Gabriel (2008), Gétéčka 2007 - Boj až do konce (Fight to a finish) (in Czech and English), Albert Boskovice, p. 103, ISBN 978-80-7326-130-6, archived from the original on 5 December 2021, retrieved 5 December 2021

[7] "Jacques Laffite tests Renault F1 car". ESPN F1.com. 13 October 2008. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.

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