John Sommerfield (25 June 1908 – 13 August 1991)[1] was a British writer and left-wing activist known for his influential novel May Day, which fictionalised a Communist upheaval in 1930s London. Sommerfield volunteered to fight in the Spanish Civil War and wrote one of the first combatant accounts of that conflict. He later served in the Royal Air Force in World War II.[2]
John Sommerfield | |
|---|---|
 1940s ink drawing of John Sommerfield | |
| Born | Jack Hugo Sommerfeld 25 June 1908 London |
| Died | 13 August 1991 (aged 83) Oxfordshire |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, communist, veteran of spanish civil war |
Early life
editBorn Jack Hugo Sommerfield in West London,[1] Sommerfield left University College School at the age of 16 and worked as a newspaper delivery boy, stage hand and merchant seaman before moving to the Chelsea area, where he was active in the Communist party. He appears to have joined the Communist Party in the early 1930s and it was a major part of his life for the following quarter-of-a-century. He wrote columns for several Communist periodicals, including the Daily Worker,[2] and was active in the Communist Party Writers' Group.
Career
editSommerfield's first two books, They Die Young (1930) – which was published in the United States as The Death of Christopher – and Behind the Scenes (1934) drew upon his experiences at sea and as a stage hand. 1936 saw the publication of May Day, which is considered Sommerfield's most important work. The novel was published by the Communist Party's publishing house, and describes a few days in the lives of protagonist James Seton and various other people around London leading up to a general strike and a political breakthrough for Communism in Britain.[3][4]
Shortly after the publication of May Day, Sommerfield volunteered for the International Brigades, fighting in the Spanish Civil War alongside his friend John Cornford.[5] After returning he discovered that he had been reported dead.[6] During World War II he served as an aircraft support mechanic in Burma and India.[2] This wartime service in Asia with the RAF provided the inspiration for some of his best short stories, collected after the war as The Survivors (1947).
In 1937 Sommerfield published Volunteer in Spain, which was an account of his time in Spain. George Orwell called the memoir a "piece of sentimental tripe", while others praised it and called Sommerfield "an excellent writer".[7] The book was dedicated to Cornford, who was killed in Spain in December 1936. Malcolm Lowry, a close friend of Sommerfield's, counted him as an important influence, and dedicated his poem Song About Madrid, Useful Any Time to him and Julian Bell.[5]
Perhaps the most widely read of Sommerfield's works was Trouble in Porter Street, published in 1939. The Communist Party asked Sommerfield to write a manual about how to organise a rent strike. He wrote a short story for this purpose instead which was published cheaply as a pamphlet and sold in tens of thousands.[8] Sommerfield was also active in the Mass Observation project and took the lead in the research, largely in Bolton, for The Pub and the People.[9]
Throughout the war and in the following decade, Sommerfield continued to write for Communist and progressive periodicals and literary journals, including John Lehmann's New Writing journal and was involved with Mass Observation.[2] He worked largely in documentary films. Among his writing, The Adversaries (1952) was a historical novel based on the life of the mathematician Evariste Galois, while North West Five (1960) was a novel about a young working class couple struggling to make their own way in post-war Kentish Town in north London.
Personal life
editSommerfield married twice and had a son, Peter, by his first wife. After the war, he lived with his second wife, the artist and illustrator Molly Moss, in Hampstead and Gospel Oak in north London before moving to Oxfordshire where he died in 1991.[2]
Selected works
edit- Sommerfield, John (1930). They Die Young. W. Heinemann.
- Sommerfield, John (1934). Behind the Scenes. T. Nelson and sons, Limited. LCCN 35018826.
- Sommerfield, John (1936). May Day. Lawrence & Wishart republished London Books. ISBN 9780955185182. (republished in 1984 and 2010)
- Sommerfield, John (1937). Volunteer in Spain. Lawrence & Wishart in UK and Knopf in US. LCCN 37031226.
- Sommerfield, John (1939). Trouble in Porter Street. (republished in 1954)
- Mass-Observation (1943). The Pub and the People: a Worktown study. Victor Gollancz. ISBN 9780851290508.
- Sommerfield, John (1947). The Survivors. J. Lehmann. LCCN a48003265.
- Sommerfield, John (1952). The Adversaries. Heinemann.
- Sommerfield, John (1956). The Inheritance. Heinemann.
- Sommerfield, John (1960). North West Five. Heinemann.
- Sommerfield, John (1978). The Imprinted. London Magazine Editions. ISBN 9780904388268.
Further reading
edit- Hubble, Nick (2012). "John Sommerfield and Mass-Observation" (PDF). The Space Between: Literature and Culture 1914–1945. VIII (1). The Space Between Society and Monmouth University. ISSN 1551-9309.
- Croft, Andy (1983). "Returned Volunteer, the novels of John Sommerfield". London Magazine.
- Whitehead, Andrew (2014). "John Sommerfield's Box" (PDF). Literary London Journal.
External links
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Hinton, James (2013). The Mass Observers: A History, 1937–1949. Oxford University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780199671045.
- ^ a b c d e "John Sommerfield". London Books. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ^ "May Day by John Sommerfield". London Books. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ^ Jordison, Sam (29 April 2011). "A misplaced May Day dream for the masses". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ^ a b Hopkins, James K. (1998). Into the Heart of the Fire: The British in the Spanish Civil War. Stanford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 9780804731270.
- ^ Some authors place Sommerfield's death in 1936 because of this.
- ^ Pérez, Janet; Aycock, Wendell M. (2006). The Spanish Civil War in Literature. Issue 21 of Studies in Comparative Literature Series. Texas Tech University Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780896725980.
- ^ Whitehead, Andrew (April 2013). "London Fictions: Trouble in Porter Street". Retrieved 13 June 2013.
- ^ Croft, Andy (April–May 1983). Returned Volunteer, the novels of John Sommerfield. London Magazine. p. 66.