Kadugli, also Katcha-Kadugli-Miri or Central Kadu, is a Kadu language or dialect cluster of the Nilo-Saharan language family spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan. Stevenson treats the varieties as dialects of one language, and they share a single ISO code, though Schadeberg (1989) treats them as separate languages.
Kadugli | |
---|---|
Central Kadu | |
Native to | Sudan |
Region | South Kordofan |
Ethnicity | Kadugli people, Katcha, Damba, Tumma |
Native speakers | 75,000 (2004)[1] |
Nilo-Saharan?
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | xtc |
Glottolog | katc1249 |
Dialects
editThere are five commonly cited varieties. Three of them are rather divergent, on the verge of being distinct languages:
- Katcha (Tolubi, Dholubi)
- Kadugli proper (Dakalla, Talla, Dhalla, Toma Ma Dalla, Kudugli, Morta)
- Miri
However, they share a single orthography and use the same literacy materials (Ethnologue).
Of the two other commonly cited varieties, Damba is somewhat closer to Kadugli, while Tumma appears to be a (sub)dialect of Katcha.
Villages in which the dialects are spoken according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue:
- Katcha dialect: Belanya, Dabakaya, Farouq, Kafina, Katcha, and Tuna villages
- Kadugli dialect: ’Daalimo, Kadugli, Kulba, Murta, Takko, and Thappare villages
- Miri dialect: Hayar al-Nimr, Kadoda, Kasari, Kuduru, Kya, Luba, Miri Bara, Miri Guwa, Nyimodu, Sogolle, Tulluk, and Umduiu villages
Phonology
editConsonants
editLabial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | c | k | (ʔ) |
voiced | (b) | ɟ | |||||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
Fricative | f | s | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Trill | r | ||||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
- [b] is heard as an allophone of /p/.[2]
Vowels
edit+ATR | -ATR | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
Close | i | u | ɪ | ʊ | |
Mid | o | ɛ | ɔ | ||
Open | a |
External links
editReferences
edit- ^ Kadugli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Turner, Darryl (2015). The morphosyntax of Katcha nominals: A Dynamic Syntax account. University of Edinburgh.