The Khedut,[1] or Khedoot (Gujarati: ખેડુત) is a term or title used for the Koli[2] caste in Gujarat who were traditional farmer and peasants or landlords Kolis of Gujarat.[3][4]
| Khedut Koli[5] ખેડુત કોલી | |
|---|---|
| Term or Title used for Kolis of Gujarat | |
| Ethnicity | Koli people |
| Location | |
| Varna | Agriculturist |
| Parent tribe | Kolis of Gujarat |
| Demonym(s) | Koli |
| Branches |
|
| Language | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Surnames | |
During the British Raj in India, The Koli Kheduts of Navanagar State were worstly affected by the high rates of interest by moneylenders of Navanagar Riyasat for the loan given by them to Koli Kheduts for agriculture.[6]
The Khedut Kolis was represented and uplifted by their Gujarat Koli Khedut Samaj organisation till 1967 along with other castes such as Rajputs, landowning Bhils and poor Patidars in minor numbers but in 1969 Indira Gandhi of Indian National Congress party Introduced the KHAM theory as vaste politics for Koli, Harijan, Adivasi and Muslims with a Koli leader Madhavsinh Solanki and mobilized the Other Backward Class Kolis to form the government in Gujarat.[7]
Etymology
editThe Khedut is a term in Gujarati language, meaning of the Khedut is peasant or farmer which is called as Kisaan in hindi language.[8][9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. New Delhi, India, Asia: Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1457. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
- ^ Silverberg, James (1962). Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra. New Delhi, India, Asia: University of Wisconsin. p. 147.
- ^ Chand, Faquir; Sinha, N. K. (1992). People of India: Daman and Diu. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-762-3.
- ^ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1998). People of India: India's communities. New Delhi, India, Asia: Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 1775: They are non-vegetarian and their staple food includes bajra, rice and fish. The Koli have three endogamous divisions based on occupation, namely Macchi Koli, Khedut Koli and Kadia Koli. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
- ^ Clark, Alice Whitcomb (1979). Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System. New Delhi, India, Asia: University of Wisconsin--Madison. pp. 365: The most Kolis held land at all. Nineteen kolis are accounted for in the land records as payers of head tax. Thirteen are accounted for as landholders. A few other Kolis appear only as Kheduts.
- ^ Gujarat (India) (1970). Gazetteers: Jamnagar District. New Delhi, India, Asia: Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications. p. 264.
- ^ Kumar, Pramod (1992). Polluting Sacred Faith: A Study on Communalism and Violence. New Delhi, India, Asia: Ajanta Publications. p. 158. ISBN 978-81-202-0370-9.
- ^ Bayly, Susan (2001-02-22). Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age. New Delhi, India, Asia: Cambridge University Press. p. 385. ISBN 978-0-521-79842-6.
- ^ Hardiman, David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. New Delhi, India, Asia: Oxford University Press. pp. XV. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.