Wikipedia

Koli clans

Koli (Sanskrit: Koliya) (Hindi: कोली) is a caste found in the Indian subcontinent, mainly modern-day India, Nepal and Pakistan. The Koli clans (Gotra, Kutumb) are spread almost all over country.

The Koli caste forms the largest caste-cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states respectively.[1][2]

Some of the clans (Kutumb) of Kolis from Maharashtra
Some of the clans of Kolis from Gujarat

Clans

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Bhalia Kolis

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The Bhalia[3] (also spelled as Bhaliya)[4] is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[5] In the census of 1931 in Baroda State, the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.[6] The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over Bhal region of Gujarat.[7] The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of Gujarat which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their Koli piracy.[8]

Popere Kolis

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The Popere, or Popera is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[9] The ruling Koli dynasty of Jawhar State belong to the Popere clan of Mahadev Kolis of Konkan who established the rule over Jawhar in 1346 by Koli chief Jayaba Popere.[10] They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.[11]

Bokad Kolis

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The Bokad is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[12] They served in the Maratha Empire and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of Jagir from Peshwa Madhavrao i.[12][13] later, they served in British Indian Empire at good positions such as Faujdar.[14]

Thorat Kolis

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The Thorat[15] (Marathi: थोरात) is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[16] The Thorat Kolis ruled over Dadra and Nagar Haveli till 1262.[17] but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a Rajput from Rajasthan.[18] later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.[19]

Pichad Kolis

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The Pichad is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[20] Pichad Kolis served in Maratha Empire as Subedar, Mansabdar and Nayak but in 1776 - 77, they revolted against Peshwa government because of their deposition from posts but later Pichad kolis enlisted to their posts.[21] After establishment of British rule in Maharashtra, Pichad Kolis took up arms against British authorities under their Koli chief Balaji Pichad.[22]

Solanki Kolis

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The Solanki Koli (also spelled as Saulanki Koli) is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste mostly found in the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[23][24] The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty Princely states in Chunval region (now Becharaji) of Gujarat named as Bhankoda, Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada jagirs.[25]

Babria Kolis

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The Babria, or Bavlia and Bavalia is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[26][27] Babria Kolis mostly found in the Babariawad region of Gujarat.[28] the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis.[29] They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as Dhang.[30]

Dabhi Kolis

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The Dabhi[31] (Gujarati: ડાભી, Hindi: डाभी) is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India.[32] The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over Ghorasar state during British rule in India.[33][34]

Makwana Koli

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The Makwana Koli[35] also spelled as Makawana Koli, Makvana Koli,[36] Makavana Koli, Mukwana Koli and Mukawana Koli is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[37] In 1931 census of Baroda State, there were 20,700 Kolis of Makwana clan in the Baroda state's territory.[38] Makwana Kolis mostly belong to the Hindu faith but there are members of the community who converted to Islam during the reign of the invading Mughal power in Gujarat.[39] Makwana Kolis are landholders and agriculturist by profession.[40]

Satav Kolis

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The Satav, or Sataw is a clan of Malhar Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[41] The Satav clan of Kolis was hereditary priest and responsible for Mahalaxmi temple of Dahanu and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity.[42] Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of Jawhar State.[43]

Sonvane Kolis

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The Sonavane, or Sonawane (also spelled as Sonvane and Sonwane) is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[44]

Satpute Kolis

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The Satpute, or Sutpute is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[45] The Kolis of Satpute clan revolted against British rule in Maharashtra under their Koli chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in Konkan.[46][47]

Shilkande Kolis

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The Shilkande, or Shelkande and Shilkunda is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of the Maharashtra and neighbouring Territories.[48] The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against Peshwa (Prime minister of Maratha Empire) because of their land rights and cutoff the head of Patil of Chovisi.[49]

Charavadia Kolis

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The Charavadia, or Charvadia and Charawadia (also spelled as Charavadiya,[50] Charawadiya, Charwadia and Charvadiya) is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat.[12] The Charavadia Kolis originated from Bokadthamba village and in 2019, Their population was 700 only and the Bokadthamba village is inhebited by only Charavadia clan of Kolis.[50] Around 1500 A. D., The ruler of Wankaner State gave the Bokadthamba village to four Chunvalia Koli brothers and now Charavadias are descendants of those Koli brothers.[51][52]

Kokate Kolis

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The Kokate, or Kokata[53] is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[54] in 1776, Kokata Kolis revolted against Peshwa government in Maratha Empire.[12] The Kokote Kolis served in Maratha Empire as Subedar and Faujdar. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of Gavlis against Peshwa.

Kirave Kolis

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The Kirave, or Kirve is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra and neighbouring areas.[55] in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against British rule in Deccan.[56]

Kengale Kolis

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The Kengale, or Kangle (Hindi: केंगले कोली) is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste found in the Maharashtra state of India.[57] The Kolis of Kengle clan revolted against British rule and Sahukars, or Moneylenders in Deccan in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.[58]

Bhangre Kolis

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The Bhangare, or Bhangre is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[59] Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from Peshwa and served as Patil and Deshmukh.[60] in 1761 for Maratha Empire, Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the Trimbak fort from Nizam of Hyderabad state.[61]

Maliwad Kolis

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The Maliwad,[62] or Malivad is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat.[63] During the Rebellion of 1857, The Maliwad Kolis of Khanpur in Lunawara State revolted against Rana of Lunawada under their Koli chieftain Suralmal of Khanpur. Because of Koli rebellion, Rana sought help from British government and British troops under Major Buckle attacked at Maliwad Koli rebels and suppressed the rebellions.[64] In 1870, The Maliwad Kolis again raised and breakdown the peace in the state and British controlled Territories.[65]

Mer Kolis

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The Mer, or Mair[66] is a Clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[67][68] During the reign of Koli chieftain Dhan Mer of Dhandhuka, Mer Kolis were more powerful.[69] Mer Kolis of Dhandhuka defeated the Rajputs of Vallabhipur to restore the peace to the Brahmins of Vallabhipur.[70]

Khade Kolis

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The Khade, or Khare is a clan of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra, India.[71] Khade Kolis served in Maratha Empire as Subedar and in 1761, Khade Kolis along with Bhangare and Pattikar Kolis captured the Trimbak fort from Nizam of Hyderabad State and annexed in Maratha Empire.[72] But in 1776 - 77, Khade Kolis revolted against Peshwa government and captured several of forts from Peshwa under their Koli leader Javji Bamble.[73] Khade Kolis were jahagirdars until the Jahagirs were recently abolished after Independence.[72] They also were Inamdars and Naiks during Maratha Empire.[74] The Khade Kolis revolted against British rule and Sahukar cheaters under their chief Haibati Khade and plundered the British controlled territory and Moneylenders.[75]

Bambale Kolis

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The Bambale, or Bamble[12] is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[76] Bambale Kolis served in Maratha Empire and were received the grants of the Jagirs by Peshwa Madhavrao I in 1769 - 70.[77] Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as Patil, Mansabdar[78] and Nayak[12] in Maratha Empire.[79]

Chauhan Kolis

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The Chauhan[80] also spelled as Chouhan and Chohan is a clan of the Talpada and Patel Kolis of the Gujarat and Rajasthan states in India.[81][82] The indian historian L. S. Vishwanath states that before the Independence of India, Kolis of Chauhan clan made the marital relations with poor Rajputs because poor Rajputs were not able to pay heavy burden of Dowry to marry their daughters so they married with elite Koli families of Chauhan, Rathod and Solanki clans and then Kolis claimed to be Kshatriya called as Nava Kshatriya.[83] The Chauhan kolis ruled over petty princely states of Katosan and Likhi in Mahi Kantha Agency.[84]

Khasia Kolis

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The Khasia[85], or Khasiya[12] is a clan of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat.[86] The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia Kolis but they were defeated by the Thakur Wakhatsinhji of Bhavnagar State and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, Rajula, Gadhada and Botad.[87] Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by piracy.[12] The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur region of Ahmedabad district.[88] The Khasia Kolis around Mahuva in Gohilwad district, had marital relations with Gohils.[89] Juna Padar and Shevdivadar were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan[90]

Pattikar Kolis

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The Pattikar, or Patekar, Pattekar and Patikar is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra and neighbouring Territories.[91] In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of Bhangare and Khade Kolis captured the fort of Trimbak from Nizam of Hyderabad state and gave it to Peshwa (Prime minister) of Maratha Empire.[72] They were led by Kheroji Pattikar who was serving in Maratha Empire and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.[92]

Chivhe Kolis

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The Chivhe, or Chive[93] is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Chivhe Kolis were Naiks of Purandar fort served in Maratha Empire of Shivaji.[94] Chivhe Kolis were soldiers, cultivators and Vatandar in Maratha Empire and also in Bidar Sultanate and received the title of Sarnaik from Bidar Badshah.[95] The Chivhe Kolis of Purandar revolted against the Peshwa government because of the appointing of new Sarnaik named Abhaji Purandare who was a Brahmin by caste. Chivhe Kolis were not in favour of Abhaji Purandare because they were Vatandar and Purandare was controlling their rights on land. Thereupon, Abhaji Purandare dismissed all of them and appointed fresh fortkeepers. After that 400 Chivhe Kolis entered and captured the fort by killing officers and took control of garrison. a duty imposed on the surrounding villages. they brought out their weapons and proceeded to seize control of the fort on 7 May 1764. Five days later they took the fort of Rudramal. Interestingly, they appointed a Brahman, Visaji Kesava to superintend affairs within the fort. They also began to appropriate the state and private property in the fort for safe-keeping. Peshwa Raghunathrao had went to fort to worship the temple but there peshwa was captured by them. Finally, the garrison despatched horsemen and began to collect tribute from adjoining regions. Reproved for this, Kondaji Naik Chivhe wrote to the Peshwa: ‘Then how is the master’s fort to be safeguarded by us on empty stomachs?’; and demanded a years’ pay and pro visions. The infuriated Raghunathrao despatched Maratha troops to punish the insurgents Kolis but Maratha army was unable to enter the fortresses controlled by Chivhe Kolis. Peshwa began seizing the families of the insurgents (Chivhe Kolis), beating and maltreating the women and children, and burning villages.The insurgents were quite aware of the tensions between Raghunathrao and his nephew, and sent a delegation with protestations of loyalty to the camp of Madhavrao, then on the Mysore frontier. Raghunathrao’s attempts for repression also failed to the insurgents, who had ‘taken the tiger- hunters’ oath’, and he now decided to win over the garrison to his side by reinstating them.[96]

Mewasi Kolis

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The Mewasi, or Mevasi[97], Mehwasi[98] is a clan of Koli caste found in Indian state of Gujarat. The Koli chieftains of villages populated by Kolis were titled as Mewasi because of their rebellious activities against Maratha and Mughal rulers.[99] In that days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent person but during British Raj, Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.[100] Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their Rajas, Maharajas and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.[101] In the fifteenth century , the early Sultans of Ahmedabad attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.[102] Firozkhan II ruled at Palanpur from 1707-1719, during which period he attacked and took Tharad which was ruled by Koli chieftain, subdued the Koli Mewasis of Sur Bhakhri, Kidotar and Dabhela and extended his territory.[103] The Rewakantha settlements were made during the regime of Sayajirao. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.[104] The villages which were ruled or controlled by rebellious Koli chieftains and inhabited by turbulent Kolis were called Mewasi Villages by Mughal rulers.[105] The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were receiving Giras dues from Radhvanaj rulers.[106] The British government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.[107]

Baria Kolis

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Main article: Baria Koli

Baria,[108] or Baraiya,[109] Bareeya[50] and Bariya[12] is a clan of the Koli caste found in the Indian State of Gujarat[110] and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[111] the Devgad Baria was their Stronghold or given their name to Baria State in Gujarat.[112] according to the historian Y.V.S Nath, the ruling royal family of Baria State is original Koli by caste but later they claimed to be of Rajput origin to be in high status among other Princely States.[113]

Shial Kolis

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The Shial, or Shiyal is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat. They were noted pirates of Gujarat.[114] Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from Portuguese India and make it their stronghold along with Chanch but later they were defeated by Nawab of Janjira and Jafrabad.[115] during the World War I, they were enlisted as soldiers in British Indian Army by British Indian government.[116]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Shah, Ghanshyam (2004). Caste and Democratic Politics in India. New Delhi, India, Asia: Anthem. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-84331-086-0.
  2. ^ Minhas, Poonam (1998). Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh: With Trade-routes and Trading Communities. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-080-4.
  3. ^ Enthoven, Reginald Edward (1990). The Tribes and Castes of Bombay. New Delhi, India, Asia: Asian Educational Services. pp. 93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. ISBN 978-81-206-0630-2.
  4. ^ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. New Delhi, India, Asia: Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1460. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
  5. ^ Somanaboina, Simhadri; Ramagoud, Akhileshwari (15 November 2021). The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development. New Delhi, India, Asia: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-46280-7.
  6. ^ Lobo, Lancy (1995). The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region. New Delhi, India, Asia: Hindustan Publishing Corporation. pp. 188: Koli population of Baroda State including Bhalia Kolis, 1931. ISBN 978-81-7075-035-2.
  7. ^ Singh, K. S. (1995). The Scheduled Castes. New Delhi, India, Asia: Oxford University Press. p. 576. ISBN 978-0-19-563742-7.
  8. ^ Registrar, India Office of the (1962). Census of India, 1961. New Delhi, India, Asia: Manager of Publications. p. 6.
  9. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 10–266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  10. ^ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India: Cosmo Publications. p. 29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  11. ^ Ralte, Lalrinawmi; Faria, Stella (2004). Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich. New Delhi, India: ISPCK. pp. 179–180. ISBN 978-81-7214-798-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India: Popular Book Depot. p. 12. Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  13. ^ Gāre, Govinda (1976). Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis. New Delhi, India: Shubhada Saraswat. p. 26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  14. ^ Omvedt, Gail (1976). Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non Brahman Movement in Western India, 1873 to 1930. New Delhi, India, Asia: Scientific Socialist Education Trust. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-88386-922-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  15. ^ Verma, Balraj (2006). The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu. New Delhi, India: Reference Press. pp. 10: This prince lost his patrimony in Udaipur during a Muslim conquest and moved to the southern direction and, in the process, defeated the Koli Chief Natort of the Thorat clan of Kolis ), in doing so, he conquered a hilly area at ... ISBN 978-81-8405-022-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  16. ^ Bhatt, S. C. (2005). Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes). New Delhi, India: Gyan Publishing House. p. 48. ISBN 978-81-7835-356-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  17. ^ Gajrani, S. (2004). History, Religion and Culture of India. New Delhi, India: Isha Books. p. 33. ISBN 978-81-8205-062-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  18. ^ Lele, Purushottam Shripad (1987). Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Past and Present. New Delhi, India: Usha P. Lele. p. 4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  19. ^ History and Administration of Dharampur State (Prant Ramnagar): From 1262 to 1937. New Delhi, India: President, State Council. 1939. p. 9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  20. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India: Popular Book Depot. pp. 12: their forts in Prant Surgana, District Nasik, which was till then in the possession of Kolis. Koli Javji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with his Koli - mates Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of Rajur.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  21. ^ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  22. ^ Rao, Neena Ambre (2008). Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950. New Delhi, India: Foundation Books. p. 166. ISBN 978-81-7596-549-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  23. ^ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. New Delhi, India, Asia: Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1459. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
  24. ^ Roy, Dr. Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India, Asia: Cosmo Publications. p. 98.
  25. ^ Williams, Raymond Brady; Trivedi, Yogi (12 May 2016). Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity. New Delhi, India, Asia: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-908959-8.
  26. ^ Sherring, Matthew A. (1879). Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations. Thacker. pp. 307–314.
  27. ^ Sherring, Matthew Atmore (1974). Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares. New Delhi, India: Cosmo Publications. p. 314.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  28. ^ Bartholomew, John George (1898). Constable's Hand-gazetteer of India. India: A. Constable.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  29. ^ Burgess, James (1876). Report on the Antiquities of Kâṭhiâwâḍ and Kachh, Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75. India: India Museum. p. 12.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  30. ^ d. 1917, Whitworth, George Clifford (1885). An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India. India: Kegan Paul, Trench. p. 84.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ General, India (Republic) Office of the Registrar (1967). Census of India, 1961. New Delhi, India, Asia: Manager of Publications. pp. 7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, Dabhi, Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria ...
  32. ^ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India, Asia: Cosmo Publications. p. 98.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  33. '^ Williams, Raymond Brady; Trivedi, Yogi (12 May 2016). Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity. New Delhi, India, Asia: Oxford University Press. pp. The following is a list of the Koli Thakordas or lordlings in North Gujarat: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal, the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati, the Dabhis of Ghodasar in the Charotar, the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha, and the Vaghelas of Kankrej.... ISBN 978-0-19-908959-8.
  34. ^ Lobo, Lancy (1995). The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region. New Delhi, India, Asia: Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 139. ISBN 978-81-7075-035-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  35. ^ Perez, Rosa Maria (2004). Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India. New Delhi, India, Asia: Orient Blackswan. pp. 71: Three Koli Patel clans live in this village are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod. ISBN 978-81-8028-014-6.
  36. ^ Kubala, Rameśa (1983). Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa (in Marathi). New Delhi, India, Asia: Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja. pp. 240: The Gazetteer states that the Chief of the State is a Makvana Koli.
  37. ^ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India, Asia: Cosmo Publications. pp. 31: two clans of Kolis are recognised: the Mar and Makwana. These are exogamous clans referred to as 'atak. Each 'atak' is further subdivided into sub clans referred to as 'gram echap, ' in the local dialect. Besides the division of 'sacche Koli' the rest of the 222 'ataks' and those clans name are common to both the.
  38. ^ Lobo, Lancy (1995). The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region. New Delhi, India, Asia: Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 188. ISBN 978-81-7075-035-2.
  39. ^ Gode, Parshuram Krishna (1969). Studies in Indian Cultural History. New Delhi, India, Asia: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute. p. 51.
  40. ^ Vidyabhusana, Satis Chandra (1996). Buddhadeba, arthāt̲, Gautama Buddhera sampūrṇa jībana carita o upadeśa (in Bengali). New Delhi, India, Asia: Karuṇā Prakāśanī. p. 46.
  41. ^ Tribhuwan, Robin D. (2003). Fairs and Festivals of Indian Tribes. New Delhi, India, Asia: Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-640-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  42. ^ Tribhuwan 2003, pp. 26.
  43. ^ Tribhuwan 2003, pp. 27.
  44. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  45. ^ Karve, Irawati Karmarkar; Damle, Yashwant Bhaskar (1963). Group Relations in Village Community. New Delhi, India: S.M. Katre. pp. 13: As regards the Kolis, there were in all 17 clans. The names of these Koli clans were as follows : -Asvale, Kudekar, Memane, Lohokare, Langhi, Vadekar, Kede, Jadhav, Satpute, Talape, Lokhande, Supe, Gaware, Kalute, Bhalinge, Bhavari and Yande.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  46. ^ Rao, Neena Ambre (2008). Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950. New Delhi, India, Asia: Foundation Books. p. 166. ISBN 978-81-7596-549-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  47. ^ Hangloo, Rattan Lal; Murali, A. (2007). New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture. New Delhi, India: Black & White. p. 391. ISBN 978-81-89320-15-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  48. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore ......{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  49. ^ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India, Asia: Seagull Books. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  50. ^ a b c "This is cursed village of Gujarat, people of only one surname live here". News Track. 14 September 2019. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help) Cite error: The named reference ":1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  51. ^ "ગુજરાતનું એક શ્રાપિત ગામ, જ્યાં અટક બદલતાની સાથે જ થાય છે આવી હાલત". sandesh.com. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  52. ^ "ગુજરાતનું એક શાપિત ગામ, 700ની વસ્તી પણ બધાની એક જ અટક!". I am Gujarat (in Gujarati). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  53. ^ Gāre, Govinda (1976). Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis. New Delhi, India: Shubhada Saraswat Publications. p. 26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  54. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 98: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Lahure, Kokate, Bhoir, Konkane, Korade, Lote, Pote.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  55. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 97 - 99 - 103: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bande, Kirave, Ghode, Popere, Shelke, Bambale.
  56. ^ Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. p. 333. ISBN 978-81-206-0488-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  57. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India: Popular Book Depot. pp. 98 - 99: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Jangale, Kengale, Khade, Gambhire, Kavate, Konkane, Mali.....{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  58. ^ Krishan, Shri (7 April 2005). Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India. p. 146. ISBN 978-81-321-0208-3.
  59. ^ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad; Rai, Binay Kumar (1977). The Tribal Culture of India. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company. p. 163.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  60. ^ Gāre, Govinda (1976). Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis. New Delhi, India: Shubhada Saraswat. pp. 26: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis Govinda Gāre. to the grant of jahagirs to the three Mahadeo Koli families, Bhangare, Bamble and Bokad and titles of Patil and Deshmukh by Peshwa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  61. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 12: An entry of A.D. 1769-70 in the Diary of Madhav rao I refers to the grant of villages to three Koli families, Bhangare, Bambale and Bokad, as reward. An entry for the year A.D. 1776-77 in Savai Madhavrao's Diary refers to the breaking in of Jiwaji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with prominent kolis Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of Rajur. these families those of Bhangare and Khade worked as daring Subedars, along with Pattikar brothers of Koli caste, in the conquest from the Nizam, in A.D. 1761, of the fort of Trimbak for the Peshwa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  62. ^ Commissioner, India Census (1933). Census of India, 1931. New Delhi, India: Manager of Publications. pp. 510: Subdivisions of armed Kolis: Khant, Dharala, Maliwad, Damor.......{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  63. ^ Lal, R. B. (2003). Gujarat. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. pp. 128: Clans of Kolis: Damor, Pagi, Maliwad, Chauhan. ISBN 978-81-7991-104-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  64. ^ The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India. New Delhi, India: Usha Publications. 1985. p. 819.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  65. ^ Gujarat (India) (1972). Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals. New Delhi, India: Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State. pp. 130: Maliwads.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  66. ^ Chanchreek, Kanhaiyalal; Jain, Mahesh Kumar (2008). Kshatriyas in Buddha's Age: Ruling Races in Buddhist India. New Delhi, India, Asia: Shree Publishers & Distributors. pp. 193: They were called at this time Mairs, a clan of Kolees, and Sonung Mair was their leader.... ISBN 978-81-8329-188-0.
  67. ^ Williams, Raymond Brady; Trivedi, Yogi (12 May 2016). Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity. New Delhi, India, Asia: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-908959-8.
  68. ^ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India, Asia: Cosmo Publications. pp. 31: The 222 ataks (Gotra) of Kolis mentioned in the lineage chart are presumed to have been derived from Kshatriya clan names or from the names of the village from which the Kolis hail. Moreover, these "ataks' do not exhibit any type of heirarchic sub divisions. All of them have equal status below the Mer and Makwana ataks (clans).
  69. ^ Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc. New Delhi, India, Asia: Times of India. p. 194.
  70. ^ Pfeffer, Georg; Behera, Deepak Kumar (1997). Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society. New Delhi India, Asia: Concept Publishing Company. p. 199. ISBN 978-81-7022-640-6.
  71. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 99: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Khade, Khokale, Jangale, Mali, Gode, Talpade, Shilakande.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  72. ^ a b c Ghurye 1957, pp. 12 sfn error: multiple targets (12×): CITEREFGhurye1957 (help)
  73. ^ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  74. ^ Robinson, Frederick Bruce (1978). Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry. New Delhi, India: University of Minnesota. pp. 183 - 239 - 266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  75. ^ Rao, Neena Ambre (2008). Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950. New Delhi, India: Foundation Books. p. 166. ISBN 978-81-7596-549-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  76. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India: Popular Book Depot. pp. 97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  77. ^ Gāre, Govinda (1976). Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis. New Delhi, India: Shubhada Saraswat. pp. 26: Bamble.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  78. ^ Robinson, Frederick Bruce (1978). Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry. New Delhi, India: University of Minnesota. p. 256.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  79. ^ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. pp. 109–120. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  80. ^ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. Delhi, India: Cosmo Publications. p. 98.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  81. ^ Perez, Rosa Maria (2004). Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India. New Delhi, India: Orient Blackswan. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-8028-014-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  82. ^ Doshi, Shambu Lal (1995). Anthropology of Food and Nutrition. Delhi, India: Rawat Publications. p. 67. ISBN 978-81-7033-278-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  83. ^ Vishwanath, L. S. (2000). Female Infanticide and Social Structure: A Socio-historical Study in Western and Northern India. New Delhi, India: Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 38. ISBN 978-81-7075-057-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  84. ^ The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India. New Delhi, India: Usha Publications. 1985. pp. 64–198.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  85. ^ Singhji, Virbhadra (1994). The Rajputs of Saurashtra. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Prakashan. pp. 49: The Khasia Kolis near Mahuva or the Koli - Thakardas of Gujarat are same. ISBN 978-81-7154-546-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  86. ^ Roy, Dr. Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India, Asia: Cosmo Publications. pp. 98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  87. ^ Rajyagor, S. B. (1982). History of Gujarat. New Delhi, India: S. Chand Publications. pp. 378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, Talaja from the Nawab of Khambhat and the strongholds of Mahuva, Kundla, Rajula, Gadhada and Botad from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of Junagadh.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  88. ^ The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India. New Delhi, India: Usha Publications. 1985. p. 487.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  89. ^ Shah, A. M.; Desai, Ishwarlal Pragji (1988). Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat. New Delhi, India: Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 60. ISBN 978-81-7075-008-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  90. ^ Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... Printed at the Government Central Press. 1884.
  91. ^ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India, Asia: Popular Book Depot. pp. 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale....{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  92. ^ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  93. ^ Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (3 pts.). Government Central Press. 1885.
  94. ^ Guha, Sumit (1 November 2019). History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000. New Delhi, India: University of Washington Press. pp. 93 - 96 - 191. ISBN 978-0-295-74623-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  95. ^ Guha, Sumit (1999). Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991. Internet Archive. New Delhi, India: New York : Cambridge University Press. pp. 110–119. ISBN 978-0-521-64078-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  96. ^ Guha, Sumit (1999). Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 (in English). Internet Archive. New Delhi, India: New York : Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-0-521-64078-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  97. ^ Bhatnagar, Rashmi Dube; Dube, Renu; Dube, Reena (1 February 2012). Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History. New Delhi, India, Asia: State University of New York Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-7914-8385-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  98. ^ Krishan, Shri (7 April 2005). Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-5280-307-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  99. ^ Kohli, Atul (14 July 2014). India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations. New Delhi, India, Asia: Princeton University Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-4008-5951-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  100. ^ Lobo, Lancy (1995). The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region. New Delhi, India: Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 200. ISBN 978-81-7075-035-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  101. ^ Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order (2nd ed.). New Delhi, India, Asia: Oxford University Press. 1989. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-19-562098-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  102. ^ Patel, Govindlal Dalsukhbhai (1954). The Indian Land Problem and Legislation. New Delhi, India: N. M. Tripathi. p. 78.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  103. ^ The Palanpur Agency Directory (2nd ed.). Mumbai, Bombay Presidency, British India. 1919. p. 20.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  104. ^ Kamerkar, Mani (1980). British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-940500-75-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  105. ^ Shah, A. M. (2002). Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-19-565732-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  106. ^ Shah 2002, pp. 39.
  107. ^ Gidwani, Vinay Krishin (1996). Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India. New Delhi, India: University of California, Berkeley. pp. 165–167.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  108. ^ Enthoven, Reginald Edward (1990). The Tribes and Castes of Bombay. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. p. 65. ISBN 978-81-206-0630-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  109. ^ Yājñika, Acyuta; Sheth, Suchitra (2005). The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond. New Delhi, India: Penguin Books India. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-14-400038-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  110. ^ "A community called Koli - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  111. ^ Gopal, Krishna (2003). Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. New Delhi, India: Gyan Publishing House. p. 35. ISBN 978-81-212-0811-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  112. ^ Desai, Anjali H. (2007). India Guide Gujarat. New Delhi, India: India Guide Publications. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-9789517-0-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  113. ^ Nath, Y. V. S. (1960). Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community. New Delhi, India: Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. pp. 65: presence in these regions, by explaining that they came in the wake of the founders of the present ruling houses of Bariya State and other estates in the area. The latter however claim to be Rajputs today, though the local traditions give them a Koli extraction." Till recently, most of the thakurdari and ankadi rights in these States were held by Bariya Kolis. Some of them even claim kinship with the Rulers of Baria and the Thakurs of Ratanmal.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  114. ^ Williams, Raymond Brady; Trivedi, Yogi (12 May 2016). Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-908959-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  115. ^ Department, Great Britain Hydrographic (1987). The West India Pilot. New Delhi, India: J. D. Potter. p. 36.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  116. ^ A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War. New Delhi, India: Printed at the Government Central Press. 1919. p. 17.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
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