Kula (Kola) or Lamtoka (Lantoka), also known as Tanglapui, is a Papuan language spoken in villages on the north coast, south coast and mountainous interior of Alor Island in Indonesia. Dialects are Kula proper, Kulatela, Watena, Kula Watena, Iramang, Larena, Sumang, and Arumaka. Most settlements where Kula is spoken are "new villages" that have only been inhabited since the 1960s. Due to this recent resettlement, and since usage of the language is discouraged in schools, Kula is an endangered language.[2]
| Kula | |
|---|---|
| Tanglapui | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Alor Island |
Native speakers | (5,000 cited 1997)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tpg |
| Glottolog | kula1280 |
| ELP | Kula |
Phonology
editThe data in this section are taken from Williams (2017).[2] Phonemes in brackets are "marginal phonemes".
Consonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labial | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | (kʷ) ⟨kw⟩ | |
| voiced | b | d | g | (gʷ) ⟨gw⟩ | ||
| Affricate | (d͡ʒ) ⟨j⟩ | |||||
| Fricative | (β) ⟨w⟩ | s | ||||
| Liquid | trill | (r) | ||||
| lateral | l | |||||
| Semivowel | j ⟨y⟩ | w | ||||
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| ɪ ⟨í⟩ | |||
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | ɐ ⟨á⟩ | ||
| a |
References
edit- ^ Kula at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Williams, Nicholas J. (2017). "Kula". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.). The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 185–266.
External links
edit- ELAR archive of Documenting Language and Interaction in Kula
 | This article about Trans–New Guinea languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |