Caribbean Carnival is the cultural celebration held annually throughout the year in many Caribbean islands and worldwide. It's a highly anticipated festival in the Caribbean where locals and visitors come together to dance, savor cultural music, and indulge in delicious foods.[1]
It stems from a pagan holiday, later adopted by the Roman Catholic Church as Carne Vale. European slave traders brought it to the Caribbean, excluding African slaves and hosting lavish masquerade balls. After emancipation, freed African slaves transformed the festival into a celebration of freedom, blending African heritage and Caribbean Creole culture.[2]
In 1834, the Caribbean festival took root in Trinidad and Tobago, when French settlers brought the Fat Tuesday masquerade tradition to the island. It soon became a vibrant celebration, blending Creole Canboulay festivities with the European masquerade, eventually evolving into the modern Caribbean Carnival. At its start, formerly enslaved individuals expressed their freedom through music, clothing, and dance, leading to the dynamic fusion of African influences and Creole culture.[3][4]
Carnival traditions differ across islands, typically consisting of activities like playing Mas (masquerade), the selection of a King and Queen, and reveling in diverse Caribbean music styles like calypso, jam-band, steelpan, and soca. Pre-carnival festivities such as J'ouvert feature cultural characters such as the Moko Jumbie and Dame Lorraine, adding to the vibrant celebrations.[3][5]
Although there are similar celebrations, not every Caribbean Carnival adopts the name "Carnival". For instance, in the Bahamas, Junkanoo commemorates the emancipations of slavery since 1884 through lively parades. Barbados hosts the Crop Over Festival, dating back to the 17th century, honoring successful sugar cane harvests at the end of July.[6]
Local Caribbean carnivals
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Approximate dates are given for the concluding festivities. Carnival season may last for more than a month prior to the concluding festivities, and the exact dates vary from year to year.
- Anguilla — Anguilla Summer Festival, early August[7]
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua — Antigua Carnival, early August[8]
- Barbuda — Caribana, early June[9]
- Aruba — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[10]
- Austria — Vienna Carnival, first weekend in July
- Barbados — Crop Over, early August[11]
- Bahamas - Bahamas Junkanoo Carnival, first week of May[12]
- Belize — Carnival, September[13]
- Bermuda — Bermuda Carnival (third weekend in June) https://carnivalinbermuda.com/
- Bonaire — Carnival, February Ash Wednesday[14]
- British Virgin Islands
- Tortola — BVI Emancipation (August) Festival, early August[15]
- Virgin Gorda — Virgin Gorda Easter Festival Celebrations, late March/early April[16]
- Canada
- Cayman Islands — Batabano, late April/early May,[17]
- Cayman Islands – CayMAS Carnival, late June/early July[18]
- Cuba
- Cuba — Carnival of Santiago de Cuba, July[19]
- Cuba — Havana Carnival, July/August[20]
- Curaçao — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[21]
- Dominica — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[22]
- Dominican Republic — Dominican Carnival, February, Dominican Independence Day[23]
- French Guiana — Carnival in French Guiana usually takes place between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday, ending on Mardi Gras.
- Grenada
- Carriacou — Carriacou Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[24]
- Grenada — Spicemas, early August[25]
- Guadeloupe — Carnaval – February, Ash Wednesday[26]
- Guyana — Mashramani (Mash), February 23, Guyanese Republic Day[27]
- Guyana — Guyana Carnival, Mid-May,[28]
- Haiti — Kanaval, February, Ash Wednesday[29]
- Jamaica — Bacchanal, late March/early April[30]
- Jamaica — Xodus, April [31]
- Jamaica —Gen XS, late March/April[32]
- Martinique — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[33]
- Montserrat — Montserrat Festival, mid-December to early January, New Year's Day[34]
- Puerto Rico — Carnaval de Ponce, February, Ash Wednesday[35]
- Saba — Saba Summer Festival, late July/early August[36]
- Saint-Barthélemy — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[37]
- Saint Lucia — Carnival, July[38]
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Kitts — Carnival, December/January[39]
- Nevis — Culturama, late July/early August[40]
- Saint-Martin — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[41]
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — Vincy Mas, late June/early July[42]
- Saint Eustatius — Statia Carnival, late July/early August[43]
- Sint Maarten — Carnival, late April/early May[44]
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad — Carnival, February, Ash Wednesday[45]
- Tobago — Tobago Carnival, October, Ash Wednesday[46]
- Turks and Caicos Islands — Junkanoo Jump Up, in January
- United Kingdom – Leeds and London, late August.
- United States Virgin Islands
- Saint Croix — Crucian Carnival, late December/early January Three King's Day[47]
- Saint John — St. John Festival, June through July 3 & 4, V.I. Emancipation Day and U.S. Independence Day[48]
- Saint Thomas — V.I. Carnival, April through early May[49]
International Caribbean carnivals
editCanada
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- "Caribe-Expo" — In the city of Ottawa in Ontario, Canada.
- CariMas (previously "Carifiesta") — In the city of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, typically 2–3 weeks before Toronto's carnival
- "Toronto Caribbean Carnival — In Toronto, Ontario, it draws close to a million visitors to the city.
- "Carnival"(cancelled) — In the city of Hamilton, 1 week after Toronto's Caribana.
- "Carifest" — In the city of Calgary in Alberta, Canada.
- "Cariwest" — Held annually the second week of August in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, drawing more than 60,000 visitors a year. Cariwest boasts an amazing display of masqueraders in the main parade, and is a beautiful festival full of food and entertainment in the heart of downtown.
- Barrie's Caribfest[50] (parade has been cancelled since 2011)
- CariBridge Caribbean Carnival in Lethbridge Alberta brings a unique and diverse culture to southern Alberta and focuses on bringing Caribbean culture through food, music, dance, and art.
A unique attraction distinguishing this Caribbean event is its location. This dynamic, exciting event features some of the best Canadian and international Caribbean performers in music, dance, costumes, and world drumming. Events are held from Friday to Sunday throughout every third weekend of August. The Grand Parade in Toronto is held on the first Saturday of August to commemorate the abolition of the slave trade on August 1, 1838.
France
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- Carnaval Antillais de Colombes — every year late June.
- Carnaval Tropical de Paris — every year early July.
- Carnaval de Montpellier — every year in February.
- Carnaval of French West Indies, about two months between the Sunday of Epiphany and Ash Wednesday[51]
Germany
edit- Berlin — Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures),[52] every year in May (Whitsuntide weekend)
- Cologne — Cologne WKNDR, every year in July.
The Netherlands
edit- Rotterdam — "Summer Carnival" Zomercarnaval: occurs every year in July. Each year there are more than 800.000 visitors.[53]
United Kingdom
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- Birmingham — Birmingham International Carnival, Birmingham
- Leicester — Leicester Caribbean Carnival, at Victoria Park, Leicester
- London — Notting Hill Carnival, in Ladbroke Grove, West London; the largest open outdoor event in Europe
- Leeds — Leeds West Indian Carnival, sometimes called Chapeltown Carnival in Leeds; the oldest West Indian Carnival in Europe
- Luton — Luton Carnival
- Manchester — Manchester Caribbean Carnival; the second-oldest Caribbean Carnival in the country, in Alexandra Park, Manchester
- Nottingham – Nottingham Caribbean Carnival, at Victoria Embankment in Nottingham
- Bristol — St Pauls Carnival in Bristol
- Preston — Preston Caribbean Carnival in Preston, Lancashire
- Derby – Derby Caribbean Carnival, at Osmanston Park, Derby
United States
edit- Atlanta Carnival[54] Atlanta, Georgia — Last weekend in May, usually falls on Memorial Day weekend
- Austin, Texas — Carnaval Brasileiro, February 3
- Austin, Texas — Austin Summer Carnival, September 26 (FALL EQUINOX) End of Summer Celebration, Last weekend of Summer
- Baltimore, Maryland — Baltimore Caribbean-American Festival held every July in Clifton Park neighborhood in Baltimore.[55]
- Boston, Massachusetts — last Saturday in August, Dorchester, Massachusetts
- Cambridge, Massachusetts — Cambridge Carnival International, Sunday following Labor Day — Held in Kendall Square
- Chicago, Illinois — Windy City Carnival formerly Chicago CARIFETE, third Saturday in August, on the Midway Plaisance in the confines of the University of Chicago Campus. (http://windycitycarnival.com/)
- Dallas Carnival – Typically held the 3rd weekend in September.
- Miami Broward Caribbean Carnival [56] Miami, FL — the second weekend in October, Columbus Day weekend.
- Hartford, CT – Established in 1962, the West Indian Independence Celebration carnival parade and free concert takes place the second week of August in downtown Hartford.
- Houston, Texas — usually the weekend around Fourth of July. For 2017, the Ultimate Mega Fest (UMF) kicks off the Houston Caribbean festival season with soca, reggae, chutney, and Latin music.
- Jersey City, New Jersey — the fourth Saturday of July from Lincoln Park (Jersey City) parade route leading to the Festival at Exchange Place.
- Las Vegas, Nevada — Las Vegas Latin Caribfest —last weekend in October (www.lvcaribfest.com)
- Long Island, New York — weekend after Labor Day Carnival — Held in Hempstead
- Los Angeles, California — Hollywood Carnival, Parade of the Bands, fourth weekend of June.
- Madison, Wisconsin — Handphibians Carnaval!, Every year close to Brazilian Carnaval. February 24/25 in 2017.[57]
- Minneapolis, Minnesota — CARIFEST — usually held the fourth weekend of July along West River Road right next to the Mississippi River. (www.Carifest.org)
- New Orleans, Louisiana — in November, the bayou Bacchanal[58] is held on the first Saturday in downtown and Armstrong Park.
- New Orleans, Louisiana — The last full weekend of June, the NOLA Caribbean Festival[59] host seven events in four days, including pre-parties, pool-parties, parades, and a Caribbean festival with music, food and crafts from all over the Caribbean.
- New Orleans, Louisiana — The last full weekend of June, the New Orleans Caribbean Carnival[60] usually held in conjunction with the New Orleans Caribbean Experience, host a series of parties, four events, three days in celebration of the New Orleans Caribbean Carnival 2021!!
- New York, New York — Labor Day Carnival — held in Brooklyn, along Eastern Parkway, with more than 2.3 million visitors annually
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Held on Father's day weekend in the historic Fairmount Park.
- Orlando, Florida — usually held the last weekend in May, which is typically Memorial Day weekend. Most recently been held at the Citrus Bowl.
- Raleigh/Durham, North Carolina CaribMask [61] usually held on the third Saturday in August.
- San Francisco, California — [62] Carnaval San Francisco — last weekend in May, usually falls on Memorial Day weekend
- Seattle, Washington — Umoja Fest in early August.
- Tacoma, Washington — PLU campus Carnival, near Fat Tuesday
- Tampa, Florida — usually held at the beginning of June in St. Petersburg, Florida (Greater Tampa Bay Area), at Vinoy Park. Moved for 2011 to Raymond James Stadium.
- Norfolk, Virginia — Virginia CaribFest[63](2nd weekend in September).
- Washington, D.C. — DC Caribbean Festival,[64] usually between June 16–24 every year.
- Worcester, Massachusetts — Worcester Caribbean American Carnival,[65] The day after Boston, MA Carnival.
- Charleston Carifest, Charleston, South Carolina — usually after Spoleto around the third weekend in June. This carnival celebration is held in honour of Caribbean American Heritage Month.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "List of Carnival and the world". Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ "History of the Caribbean Carnival – By Michael La Rose – Charleston Caribbean". 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ a b "History of Caribbean Carnival". www.cariviews.com. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Djinis, Elizabeth. "A Brief History of How Carnival Is Celebrated Around the World". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Ghayati, Mehdia (2024-02-26). "Caribbean Carnival: History and Culture | Magazine PONANT". Magazine de voyage Escales : interviews, inspirations et conseils | Magazine PONANT. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ "Barbados Festivals: Crop Over!". barbados.org. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Anguilla Summer Festival
- ^ Antigua Carnival Facebook page
- ^ Barbuda Caribana Facebook page
- ^ Visit Aruba: Aruba Carnival
- ^ Barbados Crop Over Calendar
- ^ "Bahamas Events – Fishing Tournaments and Annual Festivals".
- ^ Belize Carnival
- ^ Tourism Bonaire: Carnival on Bonaire
- ^ "BVI August Festival". Bareboats BVI. Archived from the original on 2015-12-28.
- ^ BVI Tourism: Virgin Gorda Easter Festival Celebrations
- ^ Cayman Carnival Batabano
- ^ [1]
- ^ Cuban Adventures: Carnival in Santiago de Cuba
- ^ Cuba Absolutely: The Havana Carnival
- ^ Curaçao Carnival Info: Schedule
- ^ Dominica Carnival
- ^ Dominican Republic Carnival / Carnaval
- ^ Party Grenada: Carriacou Carnival Archived 2013-06-30 at archive.today
- ^ Spicemas
- ^ Guadeloupe Islands Tourist Board: Carnaval Archived 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Guyana Government Information Agency: Mashramani
- ^ Guyana Carnival
- ^ Haiti Travels: Carnival Archived 2012-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Bacchanal Jamaica". Archived from the original on 2001-03-08. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
- ^ "Carnival in Jamaica – Everything to know as a visitor". 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ "Events – Gen XS Jamaica". genxsjamaica.com. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Martinique Carnival Archived 2013-04-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Montserrat Tourist Board: Our Carnival Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Smithsonian: A Puerto Rican Carnival
- ^ Saba Carnival Facebook page
- ^ Hello St-Barts Carnival
- ^ "Lucian Carnival Events". Archived from the original on 2013-05-17. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
- ^ St. Kitts Nevis National Carnival
- ^ "Nevis Culturama". Archived from the original on 2010-01-08. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
- ^ Saint-Martin Carnival Committee
- ^ St Vincent and the Grenadines Carnival
- ^ St Eustatius Tourism Development Foundation: Carnival Archived 2013-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ St. Maarten Carnival Facebook page
- ^ National Carnival Commission of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival Dates Archived 2013-04-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [2] Archived 2013-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ St Croix Festival
- ^ VInow: Virgin Islands Carnival Celebrations
- ^ VI Carnival Facebook page
- ^ Welcome to the Barrie Caribbean Festival
- ^ Guadeloupe-guide: Events in Guadeloupe
- ^ Karneval der Kulturen
- ^ Summer Carnival,
- ^ Atlanta Carnival
- ^ "BCA Carnival". Archived from the original on 2018-04-21. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- ^ MIAMI BROWARD ONE CARNIVAL 2012
- ^ Madison Carnival
- ^ Bayou Bacchanal
- ^ NOLA CaribbeanFestival
- ^ New Orleans Caribbean Carnival
- ^ "HOME | caribmask".
- ^ Carnaval San Francisco Parade
- ^ Virginia Caribfest
- ^ "DC Caribbean Festival". Archived from the original on 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
- ^ Worcester Caribbean American Carnival Archived 2015-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit- Toronto Caribbean Carnival
- Caribbean Carnivals database
- Carnival Info
- Information about Moko Jumbies and a USA band
- Miami Carnival's Official Site
- Broward County In South Florida's Carnival Site Archived 2019-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Caribbean Carnaval Official Site
- Carnaval Tropical de Paris
- Caribbean Choice Carnival Connection
- Las Vegas Latin Caribbean Festival Official Site
- Charleston Carifest