Wikipedia

List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)

The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.[1] Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.[2] The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development.[3] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;[4] none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960–1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.[3]

Padma Bhushan
Padma Bhushan medal suspended from its riband
TypeNational Civilian
CountryIndia
Presented by
State Emblem of India
Government of India
RibbonPadma Bhushan riband
ObverseA centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
ReverseA platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Established1954
First awarded1954
Total200
Websitehttp://www.padmaawards.gov.in/ Edit this on Wikidata
Precedence
Next (higher)Padma Vibhushan riband Padma Vibhushan
Next (lower)Padma Shri riband Padma Shri
← Padma Vibhushan "Dusra Varg" (Class II)

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[3] The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[4] The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.[3][4] It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.[a]

A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s – ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients – two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist Manikonda Chalapathi Rau and Kannada writer K. Shivaram Karanth returned their 1968 awards, while Sitar player Vilayat Khan refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".[6][b]

Recipients

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Considered one of the "distinguished figure[s] in the Oriya world of letters", Nilakantha Das (awarded in 1960) was a poet, essayist, critic, educationist, and linguist.[8]: 541 
 
Kazi Nazrul Islam (awarded in 1960) is the national poet of Bangladesh.[9] Nazrul's activism for political and social justice earned him the title of "Rebel Poet" (Bidrohi Kobi).[10]
 
Russian artist Svetoslav Roerich (awarded in 1961), is known for his paintings of Himalayan valleys and portraits. He is the only artist whose three portraits of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan are displayed at the Central Hall of Parliament.[11]
 
Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee (awarded in 1962), an Indian jurist, educator and scholar is known for his literary works on Ismaili studies and introduced the Ismaili school of jurisprudence. He was the Principal of the Government Law College, Mumbai (1938–47) and Vice Chancellor of the University of Jammu and Kashmir (1957–60).[12]
 
Hindustani classical vocalist hailing from the Patiala gharana, Khyal singer Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (awarded in 1962) received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Hindustani Vocal Music in 1962 and was elected the Fellow of the Akademi "[f]or his eminence in and service to the cause of music" in 1967.[13]
 
Physicist and academic Sisir Kumar Mitra (awarded in 1962) is considered a pioneer of radio research in India. Apart from holding various teaching positions he was administrator of the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education for six years.[14]
 
Narayan Shripad Rajhans alias Bal Gandharva (awarded in 1964), is best known for his Indian classical singing and performing female roles in Marathi Sangeet Nataks (musical dramas) drawing mass appeal from middle-class women of his era.[15]
 
Astrophysicist Jayant Narlikar (awarded in 1965) is known for advocating the Steady State theory, an alternative to the prevalent Big Bang model.[16]
 
Zubin Mehta (awarded in 1966) is a musician and conductor associated with various international orchestras like New York Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Bavarian State Opera and has been honoured with American Kennedy Center Honors (2006) and Japanese Praemium Imperiale (2008).[17]
 
M. L. Vasanthakumari (awarded in 1967) was a Carnatic classical singer and playback singer of various popular Tamil films along with recording songs in Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada languages.[18]
 
Ali Akbar Khan (awarded in 1967) was a Hindustani classical musician, best known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod. Khan was the first Indian musician to receive the MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1991 and was nominated for the Grammy Award five time between 1970 and 1998.[19]
 
C. R. Rao (awarded in 1968) is one of the pioneers of modern statistics. He received the National Medal of Science from the President of the United States in 2002.[20]
 
Textile industrialist Kasturbhai Lalbhai (awarded in 1969) was a prominent name in pre-independent India's business circle and his group of businesses was the tenth largest cotton consumer of India in 1930 and the seventh largest in 1939.[21]
 
Considered the "Pitamaha" (the grand sire) among Carnatic musicians,[22] Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer (awarded in 1969) was a Carnatic vocalist and was awarded the Sangeetha Kalanidhi awarded by the Madras Music Academy in 1947.[23]
Award recipients by year[24]
Year Number of recipients
1960
10
1961
13
1962
27
1963
12
1964
18
1965
25
1966
14
1967
24
1968
28
1969
29
Award recipients by field[24]
Field Number of recipients
Arts
17
Civil Service
22
Literature & Education
69
Medicine
32
Public Affairs
16
Science & Engineering
15
Social Work
14
Sports
5
Trade & Industry
10
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country[24]
Year Recipient Field State
1960 Haridas Siddhanta Bagish Literature & Education West Bengal
1960 Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri Medicine West Bengal
1960 Nilakantha Das Public Affairs Orissa
1960 Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1960 Kazi Nazrul Islam Literature & Education West Bengal[A]
1960 Hafiz Ali Khan Arts Madhya Pradesh
1960 Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen Literature & Education Delhi
1960 Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1960 Acharya Shivpujan Sahay Literature & Education Bihar
1960 Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar Medicine Maharashtra
1961 Tridib Nath Banerjee Medicine West Bengal
1961 Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria Medicine Maharashtra
1961 Seth Govind Das Literature & Education Madhya Pradesh
1961 Verrier Elwin Science & Engineering —[B]
1961 Niranjan Das Gulhati Civil Service Delhi
1961 L. Venkatakrishna Iyer Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1961 Rai Krishnadasa Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1961 Sumitranandan Pant Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1961 Svetoslav Roerich Arts —[C]
1961 Bhagwan Sahay Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
1961 Bindeshwari Prasad Verma Public Affairs Bihar
1961 K. Venkataraman Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1961 Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia Literature & Education Maharashtra
1962 Ramaswamy Duraiswamy Ayyar Medicine Delhi
1962 Gyanesh Chandra Chatterjee Literature & Education Delhi
1962 Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1962 Prem Chandra Dhanda Medicine Punjab
1962 Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee Literature & Education Jammu & Kashmir
1962 Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Arts Maharashtra
1962 Jafar Ali Khan Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1962 Daulat Singh Kothari Civil Service Delhi
1962 Mithan Jamshed Lam Public Affairs Maharashtra
1962 Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra Medicine West Bengal
1962 Sisir Kumar Mitra Literature & Education West Bengal
1962 Tarabai Modak Social Work Maharashtra
1962 Radhakamal Mukerjee Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh
1962 Sudhindra Nath Mukerjee Public Affairs West Bengal
1962 Niaz Fatehpuri Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1962 Jal R. Patel Medicine Maharashtra
1962 Narayan Sitaram Phadke Literature & Education Maharashtra
1962 V. Raghavan Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1962 Dukhan Ram Medicine Bihar
1962 T. S. Soundram Social Work Tamil Nadu
1962 Mahankali Seetharama Rao Medicine Andhra Pradesh
1962 Raghunath Saran Medicine Bihar
1962 Moturi Satyanarayana Public Affairs Tamil Nadu
1962 Sitaram Seksaria Social Work Assam
1962 Santosh Kumar Sen Medicine West Bengal
1962 Tarlok Singh Civil Service Punjab
1962 Raja Radhika Raman Sinha Literature & Education Bihar
1963 Narendra Nath Bery Medicine Punjab
1963 Makhanlal Chaturvedi Literature & Education Madhya Pradesh
1963 Omeo Kumar Das Social Work Assam
1963 Nitish Chandra Laharry Social Work West Bengal
1963 Badri Nath Prasad Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1963 Kanuri Lakshmana Rao Civil Service Delhi
1963 Rahul Sankrityayan Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1963 Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya Public Affairs Maharashtra
1963 T. R. Seshadri Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1963 Sardar Harnarain Singh Civil Service Punjab
1963 M. L. Soni Medicine Delhi
1963 Ramkumar Verma Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1964 Sheikh Abdullah Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1964 Nuruddin Ahmed Public Affairs Delhi
1964 Rafiuddin Ahmed Medicine West Bengal
1964 Jacob Chandy Medicine Kerala
1964 Kunji Lal Dubey Public Affairs Madhya Pradesh
1964 Tushar Kanti Ghosh Literature & Education West Bengal
1964 Anil Bandhu Guha Civil Service West Bengal
1964 Mohd. Abdul Hai Medicine Bihar
1964 Dara Nusserwanji Khurody Trade & Industry Madhya Pradesh
1964 Anukul Chandra Mukherjee Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1964 Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee Science & Engineering West Bengal
1964 Bhola Nath Mullik Civil Service Delhi
1964 R. K. Narayan Literature & Education Karnataka
1964 Chintaman Govind Pandit Medicine Maharashtra
1964 Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel Social Work Gujarat
1964 N. S. Rajhans (Bal Gandharva) Arts Maharashtra
1964 T. Narayanayajwa Ramachandran Science & Engineering Tamil Nadu
1964 Khushwant Lal Wig Medicine Punjab
1965 Krishnaswami Balasubramania Iyer Public Affairs Tamil Nadu
1965 Jogesh Chandra Banerjee Medicine West Bengal
1965 Joginder Singh Dhillon Civil Service Punjab
1965 Appasaheb Patwardhan Public Affairs Maharashtra
1965 Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit Medicine Maharashtra
1965 Patrick Dunn Civil Service Maharashtra
1965 Narasinh Narayan Godbole Literature & Education Maharashtra
1965 Nawang Gombu Sports West Bengal
1965 Sonam Gyatso Sports Sikkim
1965 Kashmir Singh Katoch Civil Service Punjab
1965 Akbar Ali Khan Public Affairs Telangana
1965 Shantanu Lakshman Kirloskar Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1965 Mohan Singh Kohli Sports Delhi
1965 Pratap Chandra Lal Civil Service Punjab
1965 Mohammad Mujeeb Literature & Education Delhi
1965 Jayant Narlikar Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1965 Ramaswamy Rajaram Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1965 K. R. Ramanathan Science & Engineering Tamil Nadu
1965 Satyajit Ray Arts West Bengal
1965 Triguna Sen Literature & Education West Bengal
1965 Santu Shahaney Civil Service West Bengal
1965 Shiv Sharma Medicine Uttar Pradesh
1965 Harbaksh Singh Civil Service Delhi
1965 Vrindavan Lal Verma Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1965 Manikya Lal Verma Social Work Rajasthan
1966 T. S. Ramaswami Aiyer Public Affairs Tamil Nadu
1966 Babubhai Maneklal Chinai Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1966 Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami Medicine Delhi
1966 Verghese Kurien Trade & Industry Gujarat
1966 Zubin Mehta Arts —[D]
1966 K. P. Kesava Menon Public Affairs Kerala
1966 Bhabani Charan Mukharji Civil Service West Bengal
1966 Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai Social Work Kerala
1966 K. Shankar Pillai Arts Delhi
1966 Vikram Sarabhai Science & Engineering Gujarat
1966 Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate Literature & Education Madhya Pradesh
1966 Homi Sethna Civil Service Maharashtra
1966 Jodh Singh Literature & Education Punjab
1966 Haribhau Upadhyaya Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1967 Mulk Raj Anand Literature & Education Maharashtra
1967 Tara Cherian Social Work Tamil Nadu
1967 Mulk Raj Chopra Civil Service Uttarakhand
1967 Tulsi Das Medicine Punjab
1967 Krishna Kanta Handique Literature & Education Assam
1967 Akshay Kumar Jain Literature & Education Delhi
1967 Pupul Jayakar Social Work Delhi
1967 Ali Akbar Khan Arts West Bengal
1967 D. P. Kohli Civil Service Punjab
1967 Ramanathan Krishnan Sports Tamil Nadu
1967 C. Kottieth Lakshmanan Medicine Tamil Nadu
1967 T. M. Ponnambalam Mahadevan Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1967 Kalyanji Vithalbhai Mehta Literature & Education Gujarat
1967 S. I. Padmavati Medicine Delhi
1967 Vasantrao Bandoji Patil Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1967 D. C. Pavate Literature & Education Karnataka
1967 Datto Vaman Potdar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1967 B. Shiva Rao Literature & Education Delhi
1967 Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1967 Ashok Kumar Sarkar Literature & Education West Bengal
1967 Mihir Sen Sports West Bengal
1967 Ravi Shankar Arts Uttar Pradesh
1967 Kaikhushru Ruttonji Shroff Public Affairs Maharashtra
1967 M. L. Vasanthakumari Arts Andhra Pradesh
1968 Acharya Vishva Bandhu Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1968 Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar Science & Engineering Karnataka
1968 Sudhir Ranjan Sengupta Literature & Education West Bengal
1968 Mary Clubwala Jadhav Social Work Maharashtra
1968 K. Shivaram Karanth[c] Literature & Education Karnataka
1968 Bismillah Khan Arts Uttar Pradesh
1968 Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1968 Sam Manekshaw Civil Service Maharashtra
1968 Mansukhlal Atmaram Master Public Affairs Maharashtra
1968 M. G. K. Menon Medicine Delhi
1968 Waman Bapuji Metre Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1968 Gujarmal Modi Trade & Industry Uttar Pradesh
1968 Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi Medicine Karnataka
1968 Gopalan Narasimhan Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1968 Benjamin Peary Pal Science & Engineering Punjab
1968 Brahm Prakash Science & Engineering Punjab
1968 Manikonda Chalapathi Rau[d] Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
1968 C. R. Rao Science & Engineering Delhi[E]
1968 Radhanath Rath Literature & Education Odisha
1968 Jyotish Chandra Ray Medicine West Bengal
1968 Mariadas Ruthnaswamy Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1968 Raghupati Sahay Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1968 Shripad Damodar Satwalekar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1968 G. Sankara Kurup Literature & Education Kerala
1968 Periyasaamy Thooran Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1968 Sarda Prasad Varma Civil Service Bihar
1968 Shamaprasad Rupshanker Vasavada Social Work Gujarat
1968 Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
1969 Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay Literature & Education West Bengal
1969 Krishna Chandar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1969 Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar Arts Delhi
1969 Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1969 Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey Medicine Maharashtra
1969 Keshav Prasad Goenka Trade & Industry West Bengal
1969 Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer Arts Tamil Nadu
1969 Vithalbhai Jhaveri Literature & Education Maharashtra
1969 Prithviraj Kapoor Arts Punjab
1969 Kesarbai Kerkar Arts Maharashtra
1969 Krishna Ramchand Kriplani Literature & Education Delhi
1969 Adinath Lahiri Science & Engineering West Bengal
1969 Gobind Behari Lal Literature & Education —[F]
1969 Kasturbhai Lalbhai Trade & Industry Gujarat
1969 Lata Mangeshkar Arts Maharashtra
1969 V. K. Narayana Menon Science & Engineering Kerala
1969 Raman Madhavan Nair Literature & Education Chandigarh
1969 Samad Yar Khan Saghar Nizami Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1969 Nanasaheb Parulekar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1969 Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar Literature & Education Maharashtra
1969 Vitthal Laxman Phadke Social Work Gujarat
1969 Raja Rao Literature & Education —[F]
1969 Niharranjan Ray Literature & Education West Bengal
1969 P. K. Sen Medicine Maharashtra
1969 Vallabhadas Vithaldas Shah Medicine Maharashtra
1969 Haroon Khan Sherwani Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
1969 Kasturiswami Sreenivasan Trade & Industry Tamil Nadu
1969 Naval Tata Social Work Maharashtra
1969 S. S. Vasan Arts Tamil Nadu

Explanatory notes

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  1. ^ The order of precedence is: Bharat Ratna, Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.[5]
  2. ^ Vilayat Khan had earlier refused Padma Shri (1964) and later also refused Padma Vibhushan (2000).[7]
  3. ^ K. Shivaram Karanth returned the award to protest against the Emergency declared in the country in 1975.[26]
  4. ^ Manikonda Chalapathi Rau returned the award.[6]
Non-citizen recipients
  1. ^ Kazi Nazrul Islam was accorded the citizenship of Bangladesh in January 1976.[25]
  2. ^ Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom
  3. ^ Indicates a citizen of Russia
  4. ^ Indicates a citizen of Canada
  5. ^ C. R. Rao was accorded the citizenship of the United States in 1995.[20]
  6. ^ a b Indicates a citizen of the United States

References

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  1. ^ "PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry". Firstpost. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  2. ^ Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
  3. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  4. ^ a b c Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.
  5. ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  6. ^ a b Kumar, A. Prasanna (1983). "The Privilege of Knowing M. C.". Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance. Vol. 52. Triveni Publishers. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  7. ^ Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3.
  8. ^ George, K. M. (1992). Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Plays and prose. Vol. 3. Sahitya Akademi. p. 727. ISBN 978-81-7201-783-5.
  9. ^ Talukdar, Rezaul Karim (1994). Nazrul, the gift of the century. Dhaka: Manan. p. 121. ISBN 9848156003. In 1976 Nazrul was awarded the citizenship of Bangladesh.
  10. ^ Amin, S. N. (1 January 1996). The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876–1939. BRILL. p. 159. ISBN 9004106421.
  11. ^ Chandel, Shakti Singh (24 October 2004). "Svetoslav Roerich: The artist who loved India's soul". The Tribune (Chandigarh). Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  12. ^ Daftary, Farhad (2014). Fifty Years in the East: The Memoirs of Wladimir Ivanow. I.B. Tauris. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-78453-152-2.
  13. ^ "Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellow". New Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  14. ^ The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948–1981. Universities Press. 2003. pp. 741–742. ISBN 978-81-7371-433-7.
  15. ^ Bakhle, Janaki (2006). Two Men And Music. Orient Blackswan. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-81-7824-157-9.
  16. ^ D'Monte, Leslie (24 January 2015). "I don't subscribe to the bandwagon idea of Big Bang: Jayant Vishnu Narlikar". Livemint. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Profile: Zubin Mehta". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  18. ^ Gopal, Rupa (8 November 2002). "Voice with an enchanting lilt". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 January 2005. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  19. ^ "Ali Akbar Khan: Many firsts to his credit". The Hindu. 19 June 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  20. ^ a b "The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  21. ^ Piramal, Gita (1999). Business Legends. Penguin Books India. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-14-027187-4. He was the tenth largest cotton consumer in the country in 1930 and seventh largest in 1939. ... Kasturbhai group assets in 1939 were Rs. 2.33 crore, which made it India's 30th largest business house or 13th largest Indian business family.
  22. ^ "Semmangudi passes away". The Hindu. 1 November 2003. Retrieved 23 March 2018.[dead link‍]
  23. ^ "Sangeetha Kalanidhi awards". Sangeetha Kalanidhi. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  24. ^ a b c "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2017)" (PDF) (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2017. pp. 6–20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  25. ^ Mitra, Priti Kumar (2007). The Dissent of Nazrul Islam: Poetry and History. Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-568398-1.
  26. ^ Vadukut, Sidin (21 October 2015). "Déjà View: Thanks, but no thanks". Live Mint. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
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