This is a list of United Nations peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1945, organized by region, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation.
Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development.
The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorises regional organisations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.
Current missions (11)
editAfrica
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) |  Morocco
|
Western Sahara conflict | [1] |
 Sahrawi Republic
| ||||
| 2010 | United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) |  Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
Kivu conflict | [2] |
| 2011 | United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) |  Sudan
|
Abyei conflict | [3] |
| 2011 | United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) |  South Sudan
|
Ethnic violence in South Sudan South Sudanese Civil War |
[4] |
| 2014 | United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) |  Central African Republic
|
Central African Republic Civil War | [5] |
Asia
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) |  India
|
Kashmir conflict | [6] |
 Pakistan
|
Europe
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) |  Cyprus
|
Cyprus dispute | [7] |
 Northern Cyprus
| ||||
| 1999 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) |  Serbia
|
Kosovo War | [8] |
 Kosovo
|
West Asia
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) | Middle East | (Monitors the various ceasefires and assists UNDOF and UNIFIL) | [9] |
| 1974 | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) |  Israel
|
Agreed withdrawal by Syrian and Israeli forces following the Yom Kippur War. | [10] |
 Syria
| ||||
 Lebanon
| ||||
| 1978 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) | Lebanon
|
Israeli invasion of Lebanon and 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict | [11] |
1. ^ The United Nations and all foreign governments but Turkey recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, whose flag is shown first, over the whole island of Cyprus. The second flag is that of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state, by virtue of controlling the northern third of the island, which is recognised only by Turkey.
2. ^ The first flag is the flag of Serbia, used by Republic of Serbia which claims sovereignty over Kosovo. The second is the flag of the Republic of Kosovo which is in de facto control over the territory. As of 4 September 2020, it is recognised by 99 UN member countries. For more information see Kosovo.
Completed missions (61)
editAfrica
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960–1964 | United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) |  Republic of the Congo
|
Congo Crisis | [12] |
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I) |  Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [13] |
| 1989–1990 | United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) |  Namibia
|
Namibian War of Independence | [14] |
| 1991–1995 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) | Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [15] |
| 1992–1994 | United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) |  Mozambique
|
Mozambican Civil War | [16] |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I) |  Somalia
|
Somali Civil War | [17] |
| 1993–1997 | United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) |  Liberia
|
First Liberian Civil War | [18] |
| 1993–1994 | United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) |  Rwanda
|
Rwandan Civil War | [19] |
 Uganda
| ||||
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) | Rwanda
|
Rwandan Civil War | [20] |
| 1993–1995 | United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) | Somalia
|
Somali Civil War | [21] |
| 1994 | United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG) |  Chad
|
Aouzou Strip dispute | [22] |
 Libya
| ||||
| 1995–1997 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) | Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [23] |
| 1997–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) | Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [24] |
| 1998–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) |  Sierra Leone
|
Sierra Leone Civil War | [25] |
| 1998–2000 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) | Central African Republic
|
Central African Republic mutinies | [26] |
| 1999–2005 | United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) | Sierra Leone
|
Sierra Leone Civil War | [27] |
| 2000–2008 | United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) |  Eritrea
|
Eritrean–Ethiopian War | [28] |
 Ethiopia
| ||||
| 2004–2007 | United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) |  Burundi
|
Burundi Civil War | [29] |
| 1999–2010 | United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) | Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
Second Congo War | [30][31] |
| 2007–2010 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) | Chad Central African Republic
|
Darfur Conflict, Civil war in Chad (2005–2010) | [32] |
| 2005–2011 | United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) | Sudan
|
Second Sudanese Civil War | [33] |
| 2003–2004 | United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI) |  Côte d'Ivoire
|
First Ivorian Civil War | [34] |
| 2004–2017 | United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) | Côte d'Ivoire
|
First Ivorian Civil War | [35] |
| 2003–2018 | United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) | Liberia
|
Second Liberian Civil War | [36] |
| 2007–2020 | United Nations/African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) | Sudan
|
War in Darfur | [37] |
| 2013–2023 | Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MINUSMA)[a] |  Mali
|
Northern Mali conflict | [38] |
Americas
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965–1966 | Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP) |  Dominican Republic
|
Operation Power Pack | [39] |
| 1989–1992 | United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) |  Costa Rica
|
Central American crisis Nicaraguan Civil War |
[40] |
 El Salvador
| ||||
 Guatemala
| ||||
 Honduras
| ||||
 Nicaragua
| ||||
| 1991–1995 | United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) | El Salvador
|
El Salvador Civil War | [41] |
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) |  Haiti
|
1991 coup and military rule in Haiti | [42] |
| 1996–1997 | United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) | Haiti
|
Stabilizing Haiti's new democracy | [43] |
| 1997 | United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) | Guatemala
|
Guatemalan Civil War | [44] |
| 1997 | United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH) | Haiti
|
Training of the Haitian National Police | [45] |
| 1997–2000 | United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) | Haiti
|
Training of the Haitian National Police | [46] |
| 2000–2001 | United Nations General Assembly International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH) | Haiti
|
Training of the Haitian National Police | [47] |
| 2004–2017 | United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) | Haiti
|
2004 Haitian coup d'état | [48] |
| 2017–2019 | United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH) | Haiti
|
2004 Haitian coup d'état | [49] |
1. ^ Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
Asia-Oceania
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947–1950 | United Nations Commission for Indonesia (UNCI) |  Dutch East Indies
|
Transfer of sovereignty over Dutch East Indies | [50] |
 Indonesia
| ||||
| 1962–1963 | United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF) |  Netherlands New Guinea
|
Transfer of sovereignty over West New Guinea | [51] |
| Indonesia
| ||||
| 1965–1966 | United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) | Pakistan
|
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 | [52] |
| India
| ||||
| 1988–1990 | United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) |  Afghanistan
|
Soviet–Afghan War | [53] |
| Pakistan
| ||||
| 1991–1992 | United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) |  Cambodia
|
Conflict in Cambodia | [54] |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) |  Cambodia
|
Conflict in Cambodia | [55] |
| 1994–2000 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) |  Tajikistan
|
Tajikistan Civil War | [56] |
| 1999 | United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) |  East Timor
|
Indonesian invasion of East Timor | [57] |
| Indonesia
| ||||
| 1999–2002 | The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) | East Timor
|
Indonesian invasion of East Timor | [58] |
| Indonesia
| ||||
| 2002–2005 | United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) | East Timor
|
Indonesian invasion of East Timor | [59] |
| 2006–2012 | United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) | East Timor
|
2006 East Timorese crisis | [60] |
1. ^ Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).
Europe
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–1995 | United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) |  Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Yugoslav Wars | [61] |
 Croatia
| ||||
 Republic of Macedonia
| ||||
 FR Yugoslavia
| ||||
| 1993–2009 | United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) |  Georgia
|
Abkhazian War | [62] |
| 1994–1996 | United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO) | Croatia
|
Croatian War of Independence | [63] |
| 1995–2002 | United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) |  Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Bosnian War | [64] |
| 1995–1999 | United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) |  Republic of Macedonia
|
Aftermath of the Yugoslav wars | [65] |
| 1996–1998 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) | Croatia
|
Croatian War of Independence | [66] |
| 1996–2002 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) | Croatia
|
Prevlaka territorial dispute | [67] |
| FR Yugoslavia
| ||||
| 1998 | United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG) | Croatia
|
Croatian War of Independence | [68] |
1. ^ This mission operated within former Yugoslav successor states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order.
2. ^ Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.
West Asia
edit| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956–1967 | First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) |  Egypt
|
Suez Crisis | [69] |
| Israel
| ||||
| 1958 | United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) | Lebanon
|
1958 Lebanon crisis | [70] |
| 1963–1964 | United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) |  North Yemen
|
Yemen Civil War | [71] |
| 1973–1979 | Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) |  Egypt
|
Yom Kippur War | [72] |
| Israel
| ||||
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG) |  Iran
|
Iran–Iraq War | [73] |
 Iraq
| ||||
| 1991–2003 | United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) | Iraq
|
Gulf War | [74] |
 Kuwait
| ||||
| 2012 | United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS) | Syria
|
Syrian civil war | [75] |
See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Analysis: What's next for Mali after MINUSMA withdrawal?". Al Jazeera. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- See individual mission websites with their listing.