This is a list of ceremonial counties in England by gross domestic product for the year 2022. Data is gathered by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and is given on the basis of International Territorial Level, which is the geocode standard used by the United Kingdom for statistical purposes.
The figures in the main table are first provided in the original currency (GBP) of the source, followed by the figures in USD for international comparison. The USD figures are compiled using the average GBP to USD exchange rate for the year 2022.
Main table
editRank | County | Population (2022)[1] |
GDP (2022) (£ million)[2] | GDP per capita (£) | GDP (2022) (USD million)[3] | GDP per capita (USD)[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | London[note 1] | 8,855,333 | 562,179 | 63,490 | 695,050 | 78,500 |
2 | Greater Manchester | 2,911,744 | 99,714 | 34,241 | 123,224 | 42,313 |
3 | West Midlands | 2,939,927 | 85,192 | 28,983 | 105,325 | 35,825 |
4 | Hampshire | 1,877,917 | 74,960 | 39,911 | 92,685 | 49,322 |
5 | West Yorkshire | 2,345,235 | 74,405 | 31,725 | 91,996 | 39,229 |
6 | Somerset & Gloucestershire[note 2] | 1,885,137 | 67,559 | 35,845 | 83,493 | 44,293 |
7 | Berkshire | 958,803 | 58,447 | 60,969 | 72,312 | 75,396 |
8 | Kent | 1,875,893 | 58,012 | 30,916 | 71,783 | 38,230 |
9 | Essex | 1,877,301 | 57,931 | 30,854 | 71,682 | 38,149 |
10 | Surrey | 1,204,588 | 56,625 | 47,002 | 70,006 | 58,137 |
11 | Hertfordshire | 1,204,588 | 51,501 | 42,764 | 63,678 | 52,833 |
12 | Merseyside | 1,442,081 | 45,413 | 31,490 | 56,110 | 38,930 |
13 | Lancashire | 1,550,490 | 45,148 | 29,116 | 55,783 | 36,003 |
14 | Cheshire | 1,108,765 | 41,837 | 37,748 | 51,721 | 45,669 |
15 | South Yorkshire | 1,415,054 | 36,869 | 26,045 | 45,576 | 32,182 |
16 | Buckinghamshire | 852,589 | 36,573 | 42,890 | 45,198 | 53,011 |
17 | Devon | 1,232,660 | 36,120 | 29,296 | 44,665 | 36,218 |
18 | Leicestershire and Rutland[note 3] | 1,136,705 | 35,369 | 31,108 | 43,722 | 38,454 |
19 | North Yorkshire | 1,172,860 | 35,180 | 29,997 | 43,485 | 37,085 |
20 | Cambridgeshire | 906,814 | 34,460 | 38,005 | 42,589 | 46,992 |
21 | Tyne and Wear | 1,146,624 | 34,332 | 29,946 | 42,424 | 37,009 |
22 | Nottinghamshire | 1,163,335 | 33,710 | 28,975 | 41,653 | 35,841 |
23 | Staffordshire | 1,139,794 | 33,616 | 29,492 | 41,533 | 36,473 |
24 | Lincolnshire | 1,103,320 | 33,071 | 29,983 | 40,900 | 37,066 |
25 | Oxfordshire | 738,276 | 31,072 | 42,096 | 38,418 | 51,999 |
26 | Derbyshire | 1,066,954 | 30,777 | 28,841 | 38,047 | 35,646 |
27 | West Sussex | 885,055 | 30,273 | 34,214 | 37,427 | 42,297 |
28 | Wiltshire | 747,124 | 28,817 | 38,553 | 35,604 | 47,244 |
29 | Northamptonshire | 792,421 | 25,705 | 32,445 | 31,770 | 40,108 |
30 | Norfolk | 925,299 | 25,583 | 27,644 | 31,613 | 33,924 |
31 | East Sussex | 828,685 | 24,867 | 30,011 | 30,733 | 37,103 |
32 | Dorset | 785,172 | 24,585 | 31,308 | 30,394 | 39,018 |
33 | Durham | 872,075 | 23,758 | 27,245 | 29,355 | 33,662 |
34 | Suffolk | 763,375 | 23,602 | 30,899 | 29,142 | 38,206 |
35 | Warwickshire | 599,153 | 23,511 | 39,233 | 29,029 | 48,488 |
36 | Bristol | 479,024 | 21,098 | 44,033 | 26,064 | 54,458 |
37 | Bedfordshire | 715,940 | 20,752 | 28,985 | 25,652 | 35,826 |
38 | Worcestershire | 604,947 | 18,083 | 29,891 | 22,351 | 37,168 |
39 | East Riding of Yorkshire | 615,161 | 18,024 | 29,294 | 22,278 | 36,219 |
40 | Cornwall | 577,694 | 15,853 | 27,442 | 19,600 | 33,912 |
41 | Shropshire | 516,049 | 15,804 | 30,626 | 19,542 | 37,873 |
42 | Cumbria | 503,033 | 15,087 | 29,999 | 18,642 | 37,079 |
43 | Northumberland | 324,362 | 7,349 | 22,664 | 9,090 | 27,993 |
44 | Herefordshire | 188,719 | 5,148 | 27,286 | 6,365 | 33,711 |
45 | Isle of Wight | 140,794 | 3,622 | 25,726 | 4,477 | 32,438 |
Historical GDP
editThe GDP figures are in millions of GBP.[2]
1998 to 2000
editRank | Ceremonial County | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Greater London | 195741 | 206677 | 222815 |
2 | Greater Manchester | 37444 | 39376 | 40498 |
3 | West Midlands | 38959 | 40117 | 41216 |
4 | Hampshire | 29550 | 30237 | 31887 |
5 | West Yorkshire | 31019 | 32806 | 33621 |
6 | Somerset & Gloucestershire | 27151 | 28532 | 29981 |
7 | Berkshire | 22129 | 23751 | 25170 |
8 | Kent | 30383 | 31865 | 33227 |
9 | Essex | 31014 | 32240 | 33510 |
10 | Surrey | 24756 | 26406 | 27843 |
11 | Hertfordshire | 32140 | 33560 | 34312 |
12 | Merseyside | 37111 | 38573 | 39007 |
13 | Lancashire | 33201 | 34209 | 35090 |
14 | Cheshire | 16104 | 16938 | 17376 |
15 | South Yorkshire | 31463 | 32728 | 33450 |
16 | Buckinghamshire | 14730 | 15425 | 16279 |
17 | Devon | 14203 | 14951 | 15351 |
18 | Leicestershire and Rutland | 14057 | 14443 | 15241 |
19 | North Yorkshire | 14972 | 15469 | 16129 |
20 | Cambridgeshire | 13177 | 13827 | 14382 |
21 | Tyne and Wear | 15208 | 15258 | 15746 |
22 | Nottinghamshire | 14555 | 15154 | 15409 |
23 | Staffordshire | 14564 | 14815 | 15168 |
24 | Lincolnshire | 12940 | 13154 | 13774 |
25 | Oxfordshire | 11979 | 12493 | 13109 |
26 | Derbyshire | 13744 | 14286 | 14573 |
27 | West Sussex | 12951 | 13846 | 14372 |
28 | Wiltshire | 10782 | 11330 | 11829 |
29 | Northamptonshire | 10063 | 10333 | 10951 |
30 | Norfolk | 10165 | 10598 | 11271 |
31 | East Sussex | 9242 | 9801 | 10266 |
32 | Dorset | 10086 | 10734 | 11345 |
33 | Durham | 10796 | 11311 | 11727 |
34 | Suffolk | 10273 | 10773 | 11368 |
35 | Warwickshire | 8859 | 9525 | 9930 |
36 | Bristol | 6909 | 7236 | 7642 |
37 | Bedfordshire | 8697 | 9096 | 9705 |
38 | Worcestershire | 7762 | 8146 | 8529 |
39 | East Yorkshire | 7580 | 7696 | 8084 |
40 | Cornwall | 5582 | 5785 | 6119 |
41 | Shropshire | 6367 | 6550 | 6713 |
42 | Cumbria | 7434 | 7712 | 7693 |
43 | Northumberland | 3473 | 3505 | 3573 |
44 | Herefordshire | 2400 | 2530 | 2659 |
45 | Isle of Wight | 1373 | 1432 | 1502 |
2000 to 2010
editRank | Ceremonial County | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Greater London | 222815 | 229343 | 237805 | 251438 | 264024 | 284255 | 301650 | 327381 | 334602 | 327455 | 343600 |
2 | Greater Manchester | 40498 | 42720 | 44720 | 46758 | 49444 | 52402 | 55032 | 57757 | 58568 | 58404 | 59881 |
3 | West Midlands | 41216 | 43014 | 44324 | 46368 | 48640 | 50889 | 52236 | 54524 | 55405 | 53643 | 56062 |
4 | Hampshire | 31887 | 33594 | 35211 | 36531 | 38631 | 40584 | 41863 | 44168 | 46055 | 45536 | 47759 |
5 | West Yorkshire | 33621 | 34842 | 36201 | 38675 | 41004 | 43525 | 45655 | 47921 | 48117 | 47233 | 48254 |
6 | Somerset & Gloucestershire | 29981 | 31471 | 32744 | 34342 | 36059 | 37700 | 39154 | 40691 | 42183 | 41309 | 43191 |
7 | Berkshire | 25170 | 25713 | 26734 | 28573 | 29423 | 31145 | 32369 | 33981 | 35203 | 34809 | 35455 |
8 | Kent | 33227 | 33993 | 35645 | 37492 | 39001 | 41036 | 42529 | 44738 | 45572 | 43947 | 45836 |
9 | Essex | 33510 | 34582 | 35520 | 36730 | 38129 | 39790 | 41134 | 42395 | 43332 | 42171 | 43093 |
10 | Surrey | 27843 | 28831 | 29643 | 30603 | 31735 | 33252 | 35913 | 37317 | 38727 | 38290 | 39661 |
11 | Hertfordshire | 34312 | 35503 | 36789 | 38211 | 39700 | 40885 | 42105 | 43790 | 44567 | 43758 | 45001 |
12 | Merseyside | 39007 | 39510 | 40023 | 41280 | 42405 | 43690 | 44502 | 45302 | 45891 | 44802 | 45980 |
13 | Lancashire | 35090 | 35811 | 36527 | 37001 | 37890 | 39003 | 40111 | 41020 | 41880 | 40523 | 41567 |
14 | Cheshire | 17376 | 19388 | 19995 | 20390 | 21725 | 22922 | 24411 | 25533 | 25506 | 25162 | 26299 |
15 | South Yorkshire | 33450 | 34068 | 35118 | 36550 | 37816 | 39226 | 40566 | 42291 | 42768 | 41468 | 42553 |
16 | Buckinghamshire | 16279 | 17051 | 17845 | 18952 | 19149 | 20162 | 20986 | 22041 | 22955 | 22244 | 22937 |
17 | Devon | 15351 | 16016 | 16826 | 17802 | 19329 | 20109 | 21223 | 21606 | 22308 | 21692 | 22698 |
18 | Leicestershire and Rutland | 15241 | 15735 | 16328 | 17425 | 18452 | 19239 | 20563 | 21604 | 22547 | 21899 | 23022 |
19 | North Yorkshire | 16129 | 16799 | 18049 | 19156 | 20204 | 20967 | 21778 | 22846 | 23303 | 22639 | 23033 |
20 | Cambridgeshire | 14382 | 15163 | 15862 | 16589 | 17364 | 18562 | 20032 | 20766 | 21254 | 20730 | 21563 |
21 | Tyne and Wear | 15746 | 16757 | 18005 | 18872 | 20598 | 21729 | 22766 | 23154 | 23489 | 22996 | 23720 |
22 | Nottinghamshire | 15409 | 16022 | 16760 | 17508 | 18674 | 19669 | 20684 | 21462 | 21994 | 21496 | 22404 |
23 | Staffordshire | 15168 | 15663 | 16516 | 17412 | 18443 | 19216 | 19876 | 20441 | 21359 | 20270 | 21248 |
24 | Lincolnshire | 13774 | 14623 | 15318 | 16356 | 16624 | 17362 | 18189 | 19400 | 20375 | 19440 | 20112 |
25 | Oxfordshire | 13109 | 13490 | 14325 | 15080 | 15322 | 16035 | 16554 | 17353 | 18374 | 17886 | 18620 |
26 | Derbyshire | 14573 | 15128 | 15791 | 16380 | 17342 | 18602 | 19030 | 19544 | 20104 | 19190 | 20148 |
27 | West Sussex | 14372 | 14675 | 15433 | 16067 | 16261 | 16677 | 17574 | 18352 | 19512 | 18768 | 19656 |
28 | Wiltshire | 11829 | 12795 | 13373 | 14129 | 14810 | 15466 | 16213 | 17403 | 18259 | 17976 | 18687 |
29 | Northamptonshire | 10951 | 11254 | 11533 | 12139 | 12736 | 13317 | 14257 | 15063 | 15575 | 14946 | 15768 |
30 | Norfolk | 11271 | 11767 | 12358 | 13044 | 13488 | 14191 | 15180 | 15685 | 16306 | 16324 | 16705 |
31 | East Sussex | 10266 | 10835 | 11293 | 11739 | 12109 | 12776 | 13495 | 13955 | 14745 | 14410 | 14753 |
32 | Dorset | 11345 | 11558 | 11879 | 12487 | 13084 | 13903 | 14527 | 15013 | 15840 | 15360 | 15770 |
33 | Durham | 11727 | 12068 | 12722 | 13559 | 14535 | 15005 | 15869 | 16481 | 16974 | 16922 | 17193 |
34 | Suffolk | 11368 | 11827 | 12354 | 12955 | 13494 | 14294 | 15240 | 15629 | 15965 | 15520 | 15901 |
35 | Warwickshire | 9930 | 10080 | 10422 | 11046 | 11538 | 12167 | 12863 | 13145 | 13629 | 12975 | 13644 |
36 | Bristol | 7642 | 8246 | 8599 | 9008 | 9581 | 9885 | 10359 | 11180 | 11692 | 11889 | 12489 |
37 | Bedfordshire | 9705 | 10132 | 10518 | 11017 | 11256 | 11867 | 12180 | 12719 | 13280 | 12565 | 12849 |
38 | Worcestershire | 8529 | 8708 | 8901 | 9442 | 10003 | 10305 | 10985 | 11005 | 11479 | 11259 | 11682 |
39 | East Yorkshire | 8084 | 8470 | 9090 | 9716 | 10231 | 10656 | 11411 | 11754 | 12352 | 11995 | 11695 |
40 | Cornwall | 6119 | 6433 | 6936 | 7517 | 7814 | 8311 | 8875 | 9088 | 9524 | 9033 | 9313 |
41 | Shropshire | 6713 | 7024 | 7356 | 7729 | 8115 | 8449 | 8742 | 8974 | 9397 | 8993 | 9296 |
42 | Cumbria | 7693 | 7754 | 8212 | 8778 | 9054 | 9511 | 10190 | 10497 | 11180 | 10853 | 11173 |
43 | Northumberland | 3573 | 3714 | 3986 | 4134 | 4422 | 4591 | 4818 | 4945 | 5076 | 4926 | 5111 |
44 | Herefordshire | 2659 | 2694 | 2827 | 2912 | 2902 | 2988 | 3100 | 3188 | 3357 | 3216 | 3282 |
45 | Isle of Wight | 1502 | 1560 | 1674 | 1757 | 1867 | 1933 | 2039 | 2094 | 2200 | 2112 | 2193 |
2010 to 2022
editRank | Ceremonial County | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Greater London | 343600 | 359273 | 373114 | 392876 | 419572 | 434589 | 460923 | 477262 | 494959 | 511331 | 470080 | 508056 | 562179 |
2 | Greater Manchester | 59881 | 60831 | 63504 | 66145 | 68109 | 70889 | 73347 | 78049 | 81081 | 84377 | 83399 | 89954 | 99714 |
3 | West Midlands | 56062 | 57794 | 59409 | 61727 | 64820 | 67167 | 71583 | 73880 | 76275 | 77707 | 72160 | 78210 | 85192 |
4 | Hampshire | 47759 | 49661 | 51273 | 53227 | 54924 | 56707 | 58492 | 61474 | 63104 | 67077 | 63765 | 67802 | 74960 |
5 | West Yorkshire | 48254 | 49867 | 51152 | 52593 | 54355 | 56954 | 58135 | 60811 | 63610 | 65178 | 61919 | 68155 | 74405 |
6 | Somerset & Gloucestershire | 43191 | 44168 | 45628 | 46742 | 49686 | 50207 | 51794 | 54432 | 56441 | 59076 | 56388 | 61750 | 67559 |
7 | Berkshire | 35455 | 37201 | 38780 | 39620 | 41186 | 42443 | 43641 | 44923 | 47514 | 49930 | 50226 | 53157 | 58447 |
8 | Kent | 45836 | 47983 | 48745 | 49532 | 50827 | 51844 | 53269 | 54934 | 56385 | 59045 | 57006 | 61573 | 64445 |
9 | Essex | 43093 | 43900 | 44733 | 46113 | 47406 | 48617 | 50028 | 51555 | 52692 | 54633 | 52129 | 55281 | 56570 |
10 | Surrey | 39661 | 40122 | 41713 | 43785 | 45697 | 46635 | 47069 | 48457 | 48986 | 51440 | 50187 | 52300 | 56625 |
11 | Hertfordshire | 45001 | 46300 | 47112 | 49000 | 50533 | 52004 | 53271 | 54512 | 55981 | 57001 | 54031 | 57017 | 51501 |
12 | Merseyside | 45980 | 46520 | 47201 | 48040 | 48945 | 49412 | 50201 | 50940 | 51512 | 52420 | 50018 | 52500 | 45413 |
13 | Lancashire | 41567 | 42502 | 43205 | 44009 | 44712 | 45029 | 46034 | 47001 | 47812 | 49001 | 47000 | 48512 | 45148 |
14 | Cheshire | 26299 | 27048 | 27983 | 29005 | 30679 | 31443 | 33522 | 34928 | 35635 | 37387 | 35623 | 37832 | 41837 |
15 | South Yorkshire | 42553 | 43638 | 44845 | 46166 | 46728 | 48736 | 50727 | 51753 | 53091 | 54516 | 50780 | 54057 | 58699 |
16 | Buckinghamshire | 22937 | 23954 | 24595 | 25665 | 27366 | 28873 | 29085 | 30384 | 31515 | 33154 | 32091 | 34153 | 36573 |
17 | Devon | 22698 | 23301 | 23967 | 24871 | 25785 | 26633 | 27336 | 28682 | 29258 | 30309 | 28017 | 32752 | 36120 |
18 | Leicestershire and Rutland | 23022 | 23099 | 23855 | 24890 | 26330 | 27272 | 28114 | 29014 | 30084 | 30736 | 28803 | 32216 | 35369 |
19 | North Yorkshire | 23033 | 24039 | 24478 | 25135 | 25808 | 26407 | 27434 | 28871 | 29504 | 30356 | 28611 | 32050 | 35180 |
20 | Cambridgeshire | 21563 | 22208 | 23158 | 23661 | 24689 | 25368 | 26582 | 28324 | 29152 | 30241 | 29925 | 32008 | 34460 |
21 | Tyne and Wear | 23720 | 24697 | 25577 | 26110 | 26924 | 27890 | 28528 | 29839 | 30157 | 31505 | 28430 | 31256 | 34332 |
22 | Nottinghamshire | 22404 | 23316 | 24197 | 24781 | 25776 | 26571 | 27346 | 28345 | 29408 | 30273 | 29434 | 31268 | 33710 |
23 | Staffordshire | 21248 | 22127 | 22441 | 23357 | 24035 | 24903 | 25510 | 26692 | 27557 | 28368 | 27009 | 31280 | 33616 |
24 | Lincolnshire | 20112 | 20370 | 20941 | 22002 | 22853 | 23704 | 24088 | 25641 | 26376 | 28138 | 26513 | 30298 | 33071 |
25 | Oxfordshire | 18620 | 19378 | 20130 | 21016 | 22195 | 22929 | 22911 | 23502 | 24586 | 26187 | 26846 | 28050 | 31072 |
26 | Derbyshire | 20148 | 20999 | 21848 | 22771 | 23190 | 23865 | 24686 | 25233 | 26474 | 27738 | 27687 | 29633 | 30777 |
27 | West Sussex | 19656 | 20148 | 20984 | 21508 | 22110 | 23255 | 24340 | 25693 | 26675 | 27577 | 25188 | 27081 | 30273 |
28 | Wiltshire | 18687 | 18964 | 19475 | 20074 | 21491 | 21984 | 22579 | 23163 | 24239 | 25110 | 23510 | 25450 | 28817 |
29 | Northamptonshire | 15768 | 15931 | 16349 | 17286 | 18127 | 18799 | 19544 | 20507 | 21620 | 22329 | 21227 | 23563 | 25705 |
30 | Norfolk | 16705 | 17133 | 17941 | 18695 | 19296 | 19629 | 20176 | 21229 | 21074 | 22829 | 21561 | 23434 | 25583 |
31 | East Sussex | 14753 | 15155 | 15644 | 16389 | 17193 | 17848 | 18845 | 19562 | 20103 | 21003 | 20379 | 22281 | 24867 |
32 | Dorset | 15770 | 16089 | 16440 | 17156 | 17869 | 18073 | 18832 | 20147 | 20751 | 21489 | 20350 | 22568 | 24585 |
33 | Durham | 17193 | 17401 | 17731 | 18101 | 18570 | 19258 | 19408 | 19677 | 20253 | 20969 | 20470 | 21926 | 23758 |
34 | Suffolk | 15901 | 16403 | 17038 | 17754 | 18410 | 18948 | 19762 | 20554 | 20900 | 22033 | 20637 | 22040 | 23602 |
35 | Warwickshire | 13644 | 14382 | 15322 | 16528 | 17544 | 18601 | 19170 | 21302 | 21814 | 22026 | 20632 | 21741 | 23511 |
36 | Bristol | 12489 | 12589 | 13151 | 13404 | 14078 | 14685 | 15616 | 16722 | 16666 | 17537 | 16797 | 19160 | 21098 |
37 | Bedfordshire | 12849 | 13105 | 13508 | 14500 | 15668 | 16407 | 17092 | 18256 | 18518 | 19081 | 16808 | 18412 | 20752 |
38 | Worcestershire | 11682 | 12372 | 13022 | 13583 | 14245 | 14452 | 14645 | 15657 | 16141 | 16603 | 16038 | 16742 | 18083 |
39 | East Yorkshire | 11695 | 11651 | 11897 | 12188 | 12578 | 13150 | 13527 | 14131 | 14822 | 15257 | 14073 | 16361 | 18024 |
40 | Cornwall | 9313 | 9696 | 10051 | 10442 | 10795 | 10978 | 11598 | 12450 | 12908 | 13352 | 12456 | 14387 | 15853 |
41 | Shropshire | 9296 | 9666 | 9901 | 10359 | 10699 | 10837 | 11452 | 11815 | 12271 | 12583 | 12283 | 14208 | 15804 |
42 | Cumbria | 11173 | 11178 | 11590 | 12015 | 12600 | 13038 | 13103 | 13449 | 13482 | 14162 | 12895 | 13937 | 15087 |
43 | Northumberland | 5111 | 5289 | 5356 | 5395 | 5564 | 5664 | 5845 | 6007 | 6119 | 6458 | 6011 | 6486 | 7349 |
44 | Herefordshire | 3282 | 3474 | 3589 | 3765 | 3966 | 4067 | 4136 | 4330 | 4525 | 4700 | 4421 | 4793 | 5148 |
45 | Isle of Wight | 2193 | 2301 | 2413 | 2574 | 2696 | 2763 | 2761 | 2898 | 2947 | 3151 | 3008 | 3250 | 3622 |
See also
editFor an overview, including the figures on population, area and population density, see List of ceremonial counties of England. Other Wikipedia listing articles about the ceremonial counties of England:
Notes
edit- ^ Includes both ceremonial counties of Greater London and the City of London due to them being combined in the data set.
- ^ Somerset and Gloucestershire are separate ceremonial counties, however their data is inextricable (to separate entities) from the data set due to South Gloucestershire being lumped in with Bath and North East Somerset.
- ^ Leicestershire and Rutland are separate ceremonial counties, however their data is combined in the data set due to Rutland's small size (its population makes up only 4 % of the combined total).
Sources
edit- ^ "Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ a b "Historical GBP/USD Exchange Rates for 2022". Exchange Rates UK. Retrieved 8 November 2024.