List of cities by scientific output

The following article lists the cities and metropolitan areas with the greatest scientific output, according to the Nature Index. The Nature Index attempts to objectively measure the scientific output of institutions, cities and countries by the amount of scientific articles and papers published in leading journals. Differences in quality are taken into account. Only articles published in 82[note 1] selected quality journals are counted. All these journals are in the English language. They were selected by a committee. If authors from several institutions from different cities are involved in a scientific article, it is divided accordingly, assuming that all researchers were equally involved in the article.

In 2019, Beijing was the city in the world with the largest scientific output, accounting for 2.8% of the world's total.[2] New York City was second in the world, with about 2% of the world's total. Overall, the United States has the most cities in the top 100 list, followed by China.

List

edit

The top 100 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals in 2022 according to the Nature Index 2023 Science Cities:[3]

Rank City/Metro area Country
1 Beijing   China
2 New York metropolitan area   United States
3 Shanghai   China
4 Boston metropolitan area   United States
5 San Francisco Bay Area   United States
6 Nanjing   China
7 Baltimore-Washington   United States
8 Guangzhou   China
9 Tokyo metropolitan area   Japan
10 Wuhan   China
11 Paris metropolitan area   France
12 Seoul metropolitan area   South Korea
13 Hefei   China
14 Los Angeles metropolitan area   United States
15 London metropolitan area   United Kingdom
16 Hangzhou   China
17 Chicago metropolitan area   United States
18 Tianjin   China
19 Shenzhen   China
20 Xi'an   China
21 Hong Kong   China
22 Zürich   Switzerland
23 Cambridge   United Kingdom
24 Chengdu   China
25 Singapore   Singapore
26 San Diego metropolitan area   United States
27 Berlin metropolitan area   Germany
28 Munich   Germany
29 Philadelphia metropolitan area   United States
30 Changsha   China
31 Changchun   China
32 Jinan   China
33 Oxford   United Kingdom
34 Houston metropolitan area   United States
35 Seattle metropolitan area   United States
36 Chongqing   China
37 Dalian   China
38 Xiamen   China
39 Melbourne   Australia
40 Suzhou   China
41 Toronto metropolitan area   Canada
42 Lausanne   Switzerland
43 Qingdao   China
44 Daejeon   South Korea
45 Fuzhou   China
46 Ann Arbor   United States
47 Barcelona metropolitan area   Spain
48 Kyoto   Japan
49 Ithaca   United States
50 Copenhagen   Denmark
51 Atlanta metropolitan area   United States
52 Stockholm   Sweden
53 Sydney   Australia
54 Vienna   Austria
55 Montreal   Canada
56 Madrid   Spain
57 Lanzhou   China
58 Osaka   Japan
59 Austin   United States
60 Moscow   Russia
61 Tsukuba   Japan
62 Boulder   United States
63 Heidelberg   Germany
64 Harbin   China
65 Pittsburgh   United States
66 Taipei   Taiwan[note 2]
67 St. Louis   United States
68 Urbana   United States
69 Madison   United States
70 Dallas–Fort Worth   United States
71 Nagoya metropolitan Area   Japan
72 Vancouver   Canada
73 Edinburgh   United Kingdom
74 Amsterdam metropolitan area   Netherlands
75 Dresden   Germany
76 Zhengzhou   China
77 Brisbane   Australia
78 Minneapolis–Saint Paul   United States
79 State College   United States
80 Grenoble   France
81 Bengaluru   India
82 Durham   United States
83 Rome   Italy
84 Santa Barbara   United States
85 Geneva   Switzerland
86 Chapel Hill   United States
87 Rehovot   Israel
88 Milan   Italy
89 Bristol metropolitan area   United Kingdom
90 Hamburg   Germany
91 Irvine   United States
92 Göttingen   Germany
93 Columbus   United States
94 Sendai   Japan
95 College Station   United States
96 Leuven   Belgium
97 Helsinki   Finland
98 Manchester   United Kingdom
99 Mainz   Germany
100 Tel Aviv   Israel

Leading cities in different fields

edit

The 10 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in the fields of biological sciences, Earth & environmental sciences, chemistry and physical sciences:

Rank Biological sciences[4] Earth & environmental sciences[5] Chemistry[6] Physical sciences[7]
1   New York metropolitan area   Beijing   Beijing   Beijing
2   Boston metropolitan area   Nanjing   Shanghai   Shanghai
3   San Francisco Bay Area   Guangzhou   Nanjing   New York metropolitan area
4   Baltimore-Washington   Baltimore-Washington   Guangzhou   Boston metropolitan area
5   Beijing   Shanghai   Hefei   Nanjing
6   Shanghai   New York metropolitan area   Tianjin   Seoul metropolitan area
7   London metropolitan area   San Francisco Bay Area   Wuhan   San Francisco Bay Area
8   Paris metropolitan area   Wuhan   Tokyo metropolitan area   Tokyo metropolitan area
9   San Diego metropolitan area   Los Angeles metropolitan area   New York metropolitan area   Hefei
10   Los Angeles metropolitan area   Paris metropolitan area   Seoul metropolitan area   Paris metropolitan area

Notes

edit
  1. ^ The current complete list of the 82 leading scientific journals, as of September 2022, are: ACS Nano, Advanced Functional Materials, Advanced Materials, American Journal of Human Genetics, Analytical Chemistry, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Applied Physics Letters, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Cancer Cell, Cancer Research, Cell, Cell Host & Microbe, Cell Metabolism, Cell Stem Cell, Chemical Communications, Chemical Science, Current Biology, Developmental Cell, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Ecology Letters, eLife, Environmental Science & Technology, European Physical Journal C, Genes & Development, Genome Research, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Geology, Geophysical Research Letters, Immunity, Inorganic Chemistry, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal of Cell Biology, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Journal of High Energy Physics, Journal of Neuroscience, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Macromolecules, Molecular Cell, Molecular Psychiatry, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters, Nano Letters, Nature, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Cell Biology, Nature Chemical Biology, Nature Chemistry, Nature Climate Change, Nature Communications, Nature Genetics, Nature Geoscience, Nature Immunology, Nature Materials, Nature Medicine, Nature Methods, Nature Nanotechnology, Nature Neuroscience, Nature Photonics, Nature Physics, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Neuron, Organic Letters, Physical Review A, Physical Review B, Physical Review D, Physical Review Letters, Physical Review X, PLOS Biology, PLOS Genetics, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Science, Science Advances, Science Translational Medicine, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, The EMBO Journal, The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, The Plant Cell, and Water Research.[1]
  2. ^ Controlled by the   Republic of China on Taiwan. See also Political status of Taiwan and One China.

References

edit
  1. ^ "Revisions to the Nature Index". nature.com. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  2. ^ Jia, Hepeng (2020-09-19). "Beijing, the seat of science capital". Nature. 585 (7826): S52–S54. Bibcode:2020Natur.585S..52J. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02577-x.
  3. ^ "Leading 200 science cities | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  4. ^ "Leading 50 science cities in biological sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  5. ^ "Leading 50 science cities in Earth & environmental sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  6. ^ "Leading 50 science cities in chemistry | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  7. ^ "Leading 50 science cities in physical sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.