This is a list of the ecoregions in Bulgaria[1] - terrestrial ecoregions and freshwater ecoregions as defined by the World Wildlife Fund and the Marine Ecoregions of the World—MEOW global classification system.
Biogeography
editBroadly, Bulgarian nature belongs to the Palearctic realm. The freshwater ecoregions in Bulgaria are examples for temperate coastal rivers habitat (one of the twelve major types of freshwater ecoregions) and form part of the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea Freshwater biogeographic realm. The European Environment Agency classifies different parts of Bulgaria as belonging to the Continental, Alpine and Black Sea biogeographic regions.[2] The Black Sea marine ecoregion is classified as part of the Mediterranean–Atlantic region marine biogeographic realm according to Briggs (1995)[3][4] or, alternatively, to the Temperate Northern Atlantic marine realm according to the WWF scheme (Spalding, 2007).[5]
Biomes
editApart from the 4 Marine world biomes, the terrestrial biomes that can be found in Bulgaria are: temperate deciduous forest, temperate coniferous forest (Taiga in the mountains), Woodland, Tundra (Alpine tundra in the highest mountains, being Snezhnika glacier (41°46′09″) in Pirin massif the southernmost glacial mass in Europe,[6][7]) Chaparral or Shrubland in the south-western corner of Bulgaria.,[8] and Grassland in Dobruja, which is 6 out of the 9 world terrestrial biomes (according to the classification of the terrestrial biomes proposed by Kendeigh (1961).[9] With a relatively limited territory of 110 993 km2., Bulgaria presents diverse nature with great variety of biomes, habitats and ecoregions, thanks to its peninsular location, varied topography and climate, coasts and rivers. The interaction of complex climatic, hydrological, geological and topographical conditions make Bulgaria one of the most biologically diverse countries of Europe.[10]
This list may not reflect all the relevant information.
Terrestrial ecoregions
editFreshwater ecoregions
editTemperate coastal rivers
Temperate floodplain rivers and wetlands
Marine ecoregions
editGallery
edit-
Forests near Smolyan in the Rhodope Mountains -
The coastline at the river Ropotamo -
The snow cover in Pirin mountain lasts for nearly 8 months -
-
A forest habitat near Strandzha Nature Park, southeastern Bulgaria -
View across the Danubian Plain (Bulgaria) towards the central Balkan Mountains 90 km away -
-
Belene Island, Danube River -
A Euxine forest in Strandzha Nature Park -
The Veleka River mouth at Sinemorets -
Arkutino -
Struma (river) valley
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Ecoregions of Bulgaria". Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ Sundseth, Kerstin; Barova, Sylvia (2009), Natura 2000 in the Black Sea Region (PDF), European Commission Environment Directorate General, p. 4, doi:10.2779/7908, ISBN 978-92-79-11585-1, retrieved 2019-08-29
- ^ Briggs, J.C. (1995). Global Biogeography. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- ^ Morrone, J. J. (2009). Evolutionary biogeography, an integrative approach with case studies. Columbia University Press, New York, [1].
- ^ Spalding, M. D. et al. (2007). Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience 57: 573-583, [2] Archived 2016-10-06 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Grunewald, K; Scheithauer, J (2010), "Europe's southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change" (PDF), Journal of Glaciology, 56 (195): 129–142, Bibcode:2010JGlac..56..129G, doi:10.3189/002214310791190947
- ^ "(the pirin mountains, bulgaria) in the last ten years" (PDF). igipz.pan.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ "Ecoregions of Bulgaria". Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ Kendeigh, S.C. (1961). Animal ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, [Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall,1961.].
- ^ "Bulgaria's Biodiversity". Biodiversity in Bulgaria. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ "Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World - 423: Thrace". www.feow.org. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16. Retrieved 2019-01-13.
- ^ "Lower Danube | WWF". wwf.panda.org. Retrieved 2019-01-13.
- ^ "Marine Regions · Black Sea (Marine Ecoregion of the World (MEOW))". www.marineregions.org. Retrieved 2019-01-13.