Wikipedia

List of tallest buildings

(Redirected from List of future tallest buildings)

For other tall constructions, see List of tallest structures and List of tallest buildings and structures.

This is a list of the tallest buildings. Tall buildings, such as skyscrapers, are intended here as enclosed structures with continuously occupiable floors and a height of at least 350 metres (1,150 ft). Such definition excludes non-building structures, such as towers.

The 828-metre (2,717 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai has been the tallest building since 2010.[1] The Burj Khalifa has been classified as megatall.[2]
Tallest Buildings 2024.png
A diagram showing the tallest buildings as of 2024

History

Main article: History of the world's tallest buildings

Historically, the world's tallest man-made structure was the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which held the position for over 3800 years[3] until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1311. The Strasbourg Cathedral in France, completed in 1439, was the world's tallest building until 1874.

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

The first building considered to be a skyscraper was the 138 ft (42.1 m) Home Insurance Building, built in Chicago in 1885. The United States would remain the location of the world's tallest building throughout the 20th century until 1998, when the Petronas Towers were completed. Since then, two other buildings have gained the title: Taipei 101 in 2004 and Burj Khalifa in 2010.[4] Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia have experienced booms in skyscraper construction.[5]

Ranking criteria and alternatives

The international non-profit organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) was formed in 1969 and announces the title of "The World's Tallest Building" and sets the standards by which buildings are measured. It maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world.[6] The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m (2,717 ft).[6] However, the CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete, and some buildings included within the lists in this article are not considered finished by the CTBUH.

In 1996, as a response to the dispute as to whether the Petronas Towers or the Sears Tower was taller,[7] the council listed and ranked buildings in four categories:[8]

  • height to structural or architectural top;
  • height to floor of highest occupied floor;
  • height to top of roof (removed as category in November 2009);[9] and
  • height to top of any part of the building.

All categories measure the building from the level of the lowest significant open-air pedestrian entrance.[10]

Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, changes to which would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are thus ranked higher than the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers' lower roofs and lower highest point.[8]

Until 1996, the world's tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires but not antennae.[8] In 1930, this definitional argument led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building (i.e. 40 Wall Street) employed only a short spire, was 282.5 m (927 ft) tall, and had a much higher top occupied floor (the second category in the 1996 criteria for tallest building). In contrast, the Chrysler Building employed a very large 38.1 m (125 ft) spire secretly assembled inside the building to claim the title of world's tallest building with a total height of 318.9 m (1,046 ft), although it had a lower top occupied floor and a shorter height when both buildings' spires were excluded.

Upset by Chrysler's victory, Shreve & Lamb, the consulting architects of the Bank of Manhattan Building, wrote a newspaper article claiming that their building was actually the tallest, since it contained the world's highest usable floor, at 255 m (837 ft). They pointed out that the observation deck in the Bank of Manhattan Building was nearly 30 m (98 ft) above the top floor in the Chrysler Building, whose surpassing spire was strictly ornamental and inaccessible.[11]

The Burj Khalifa currently tops the list regardless of which criterion is applied, though at a much lower margin when measured to highest occupied floor.[12][13]

Tallest buildings in the world

As of 20 November 2024, this list includes all 95 buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) that reach a height of 350 m (1,150 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. The building is considered as architecturally topped out when it is under construction, structurally topped out, fully clad, and the highest finished architectural elements are in place.[10]

Of these buildings, almost half are in China. Six of the last seven buildings to have held the record as 'tallest building' are still found in the list, with the exception being the North Tower of the original World Trade Center at 417 m (1,368 ft) after its destruction in the September 11 attacks of 2001. If the Twin Towers were never destroyed, and One World Trade Center was never built, the WTC towers would rank 36 and 37 on the list today.

Clear Denotes building that is or was once the tallest in the world
Name Height[14] Floors Image City Country Year Comments Ref
m ft
1 Burj Khalifa 828.0 2,717 163 (+ 2 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2010 Tallest building in the world since 2009 [15]
2 Merdeka 118 678.9 2,227 118 (+ 5 below ground)   Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 2024 Tallest building in Southeast Asia, ASEAN and Malaysia [16]
3 Shanghai Tower 632.0 2,073 128 (+ 5 below ground)   Shanghai   China 2015 Tallest building in East Asia and China and contains the highest luxury hotel in the world; Tallest twisted building [17]
4 Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower 601.0 1,972 120 (+ 3 below ground)   Mecca   Saudi Arabia 2012 Tallest building in Saudi Arabia, tallest clock tower and contains the highest museum in the world [18]
5 Ping An International Finance Centre 599.1 1,966 115 (+ 5 below ground)   Shenzhen   China 2017 [19]
6 Lotte World Tower 554.5 1,819 123 (+ 6 below ground)   Seoul   South Korea 2017 Tallest building in South Korea and the OECD [20]
7 One World Trade Center 541.3 1,776 94 (+ 5 below ground)   New York City   United States 2014 Tallest building outside of Asia; tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, North America and the USA; tallest building on an island [21]
8 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre 530.0 1,740 111 (+ 5 below ground)   Guangzhou   China 2016 [22]
Tianjin CTF Finance Centre 97 (+ 4 below ground)   Tianjin 2019 Τallest building in the world with fewer than 100 floors [23]
10 CITIC Tower 527.7 1,731 109 (+ 8 below ground)   Beijing 2018 [24]
11 Taipei 101 508.0 1,667 101 (+ 5 below ground)   Taipei   Taiwan 2004 Tallest building in the world from 2004 till 2010; tallest building in Taiwan [25]
12 Shanghai World Financial Center 492.0 1,614 101 (+ 3 below ground)   Shanghai   China 2008 [26]
13 International Commerce Centre 484.0 1,588 108 (+ 4 below ground)   Hong Kong   China 2010 Tallest building in Hong Kong [27]
14 Wuhan Greenland Center 475.6 1,560 101 (+ 6 below ground)   Wuhan   China 2023 [28]
15 Central Park Tower 472.4 1,550 98 (+ 4 below ground)   New York City   United States 2021 Tallest residential building [29]
16 Lakhta Center 462.0 1,516 87 (+ 3 below ground)   Saint Petersburg   Russia 2019 Tallest building in Europe and Russia; Northernmost skyscraper in the world [30]
17 Landmark 81 461.2 1,513 81 (+ 3 below ground)   Ho Chi Minh City   Vietnam 2018 Tallest building in Vietnam [31]
18 Chongqing International Land-Sea Center 458.0 1,503 98 (+ 4 below ground)   Chongqing   China 2024
19 The Exchange 106 453.6 1,488 95 (+ 6 below ground)   Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 2019 [32]
20 Changsha IFS Tower T1 452.1 1,483 94 (+ 5 below ground)   Changsha   China 2018 [33]
21 Petronas Tower 1 451.9 1,483 88 (+ 5 below ground)   Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 1998 Tallest building in the world from 1998 till 2004; tallest building built in the 20th century; Tallest twin buildings [34][35]
Petronas Tower 2
23 Zifeng Tower 450.0 1,480 89 (+ 5 below ground)   Nanjing   China 2010 [36]
Suzhou IFS 95 (+ 5 below ground)   Suzhou 2019 [37]
25 Wuhan Center 443.1 1,454 88 (+ 4 below ground)   Wuhan 2019 [38]
26 Willis Tower 442.1 1,450 108 (+ 3 below ground)   Chicago   United States 1974 Tallest building in the world from 1974 till 1998 [39]
27 KK100 441.8 1,449 98 (+ 4 below ground)   Shenzhen   China 2011 [40]
28 Guangzhou International Finance Center 438.6 1,439 101 (+ 4 below ground)   Guangzhou 2010 [41]
29 111 West 57th Street 435.3 1,428 84 (+ 2 below ground)   New York City   United States 2021 Slenderest skyscraper in the world [42][43]
30 Shandong International Financial Center 428 1,404 88 (+ 4 below ground) Jinan   China 2023 [44]
31 One Vanderbilt 427.0 1,401 62 (+ 4 below ground)   New York City   United States 2020 [45]
32 Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1 426 1,398 88 Nanjing China 2025 [46]
33 432 Park Avenue 425.7 1,397 85 (+ 3 below ground)   New York City   United States 2015 [47]
34 Marina 101 425.0 1,394 101 (+ 6 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2017 [48]
35 Trump International Hotel and Tower 423.2 1,388 98 (+ 2 below ground)   Chicago   United States 2009 [49]
36 JPMorgan Chase World Headquarters 423 1,388 60 New York City   United States 2025 [50]
37 Minying International Trade Center 1 422.6 1,386 85 (+ 3 below ground)   Dongguan   China 2021 [51]
38 Jin Mao Tower 420.5 1,380 88 (+ 3 below ground)   Shanghai 1999 [52]
39 Princess Tower 413.4 1,356 101 (+ 6 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2012 [53]
40 Al Hamra Tower 412.6 1,354 80 (+ 3 below ground)   Kuwait City   Kuwait 2011 Tallest building in Kuwait [54]
41 Two International Finance Centre 412.0 1,352 88 (+ 6 below ground)   Hong Kong   China 2003 [55]
42 Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower 411.6 1,350 101 (+ 5 below ground)   Busan   South Korea 2019 [56]
43 Ningbo Central Plaza 409 1,342 80   Ningbo   China 2024 [57]
44 Guangxi China Resources Tower 402.7 1,321 86 (+ 3 below ground)   Nanning 2020 [58]
45 Guiyang International Financial Center T1 401.0 1,316 79 (+ 5 below ground)   Guiyang 2020 [59][60]
46 Iconic Tower 393.8 1,292 77 (+ 2 below ground)   New Administrative Capital   Egypt 2023 Tallest building in Africa and Egypt [61]
47 China Resources Tower 392.5 1,288 68 (+ 5 below ground)   Shenzhen   China 2018 [62]
48 23 Marina 392.4 1,287 88 (+ 4 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2012 [63]
49 CITIC Plaza 390.2 1,280 80 (+ 2 below ground)   Guangzhou   China 1996 [64]
50 Citymark Centre 388.3 1,274 70 (+ 7 below ground) Shenzhen 2022 [65]
51 Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 388.1 1,273 80 (+ 3 below ground)   2020 [66]
52 30 Hudson Yards 387.1 1,270 73 (+ 1 below ground)   New York City   United States 2019 [67]
53 Public Investment Fund Tower 385.0 1,263 72 (+ 4 below ground) Riyadh   Saudi Arabia 2021
54 Shun Hing Square 384.0 1,260 69 (+ 3 below ground)   Shenzhen   China 1996 [68]
55 Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 383.2 1,257 80 (+ 4 below ground)   Dalian 2016 [69]
56 Autograph Tower 382.9 1,256 75 (+ 6 below ground)   Jakarta   Indonesia 2022 Tallest building in Indonesia. Tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere.[70] [71]
57 Logan Century Center 1 381.3 1,251 82 (+ 4 below ground) Nanning   China 2018 [72]
58 Burj Mohammed bin Rashid 381.2 1,251 88 (+ 5 below ground)   Abu Dhabi   United Arab Emirates 2014 [73]
59 Empire State Building 381.0 1,250 102 (+ 1 below ground)   New York City   United States 1931 Tallest building in the world from 1931 till 1972; tallest pre-WWII building [74]
60 Elite Residence 380.5 1,248 87 (+ 4 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2012 [75]
61 Riverview Plaza 376.0 1,234 73 (+ 3 below ground)   Wuhan   China 2021 [76]
62 Guangdong Business Center 376 1,234 60 Guangzhou 2024 [77]
63 Dabaihui Plaza 375.6 1,232 70 (+ 4 below ground)   Shenzhen 2021
64 Central Plaza 373.9 1,227 78 (+ 3 below ground)   Hong Kong   China 1992 Contains the highest church in the world inside a skyscraper [78]
65 Federation Tower (East Tower) 373.7 1,226 93 (+ 4 below ground)   Moscow   Russia 2016 [79]
66 Hengfeng Guiyang Center Tower 1 373.5 1,225 77 (+ 5 below ground) Guiyang   China [80]
67 Dalian International Trade Center 370.2 1,215 86 (+ 7 below ground)   Dalian 2019 [81]
68 Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1 370 1,214 75 Shanghai 2025 [82]
69 Address Boulevard 370.0 1,214 73 (+ 3 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2017 [83]
70 Haitian Center Tower 2 368.9 1,210 73 (+ 6 below ground)   Qingdao   China 2021 [84]
71 Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A 368.1 1,208 77 (+ 4 below ground)   Nanjing 2019 [85]
72 Bank of China Tower 367.4 1,205 72 (+ 4 below ground)   Hong Kong   China 1990 [86]
73 Bank of America Tower 365.8 1,200 55 (+ 3 below ground)   New York City   United States 2009 [87]
74 Ciel Tower 365.5 1,199 81 Dubai   UAE 2024 Tallest Hotel in the world [88]
75 St. Regis Chicago 362.9 1,191 101 (+ 5 below ground)   Chicago   United States 2020 Tallest structure in the world designed by a woman [89]
76 Almas Tower 360 1,180 68 (+ 5 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2008 [90]
Ping An Finance Center Tower 1 62 (+ 3 below ground) Jinan   China 2023 [91]
78 Huiyun Center 359.2 1,178 80 Shenzhen 2023 [92]
79 Hanking Center 358.9 1,177 65 (+ 5 below ground)   Shenzhen 2018 [93]
80 Greenland Group Suzhou Center 358.0 1,175 77 (+ 3 below ground) Suzhou 2024 [94][95]
81 Gevora Hotel 356.3 1,169 75 (+ 2 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2017 [96]
82 Galaxy World Tower 1 356.0 1,168 71 (+ 5 below ground) Shenzhen   China 2023 [97][98]
Galaxy World Tower 2
Il Primo Tower 356.0 1,168 79   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2022 [99]
85 JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1 355.4 1,166 82 (+ 2 below ground)   2012 [100][101]
JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2 2013
87 Emirates Office Tower 354.6 1,163 54 2000 [102]
88 Raffles City Chongqing T3N 354.5 1,163 79 (+ 3 below ground)   Chongqing   China 2019 [103][104]
Raffles City Chongqing T4N 74 (+ 3 below ground)
89 OKO – South Tower 354.2 1,162 90 (+ 2 below ground)   Moscow   Russia 2015 [105]
90 CBRT Tower 352.0 1,155 59   Istanbul   Turkey 2024 [106]
91 The Marina Torch 352.0 1,155 86 (+ 4 below ground)   Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2011 [107]
92 Forum 66 Tower 1 350.6 1,150 68 (+ 4 below ground)   Shenyang   China 2015 [108]
93 The Pinnacle 350.3 1,149 60 (+ 6 below ground)   Guangzhou 2012 [109]
94 Xi'an Glory International Financial Center 350.0 1,148 75 (+ 4 below ground)   Xi'an 2021 [110]

Alternative measurements

Height to pinnacle (highest point)

 
Tallest buildings by pinnacle height, including all masts, poles, antennae, etc. in 2014

This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point, irrespective of material or function of the highest element.[10]

This measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are easily added, removed, and modified from a building and are independent of the overall structure.

This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower (now named Willis Tower) in height. The former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latter's antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof (now highest occupied floor) categories, and with the Petronas claiming the lead in the architectural height category.

If the World Trade Center towers were still standing, the North (1,368 feet (417 m)) and South Towers (1,362 feet (415.1 m)) would fall between numbers 35 and 36 on the current list (as it can be assumed the rebuilt One World Trade Center would have never been built).

† Denotes building with pinnacle height higher than architectural
Rank Building City Country Height Floors Built
1 Burj Khalifa† Dubai   United Arab Emirates 829.8 m 2,722 ft 163 2010
2 Merdeka 118† Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 680.1 m 2,231 ft 118 2023
3 Shanghai Tower Shanghai   China 632 m 2,073 ft 128 2015
4 Abraj Al-Bait Towers Mecca   Saudi Arabia 601 m 1,971 ft 120 2012
5 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen   China 599.1 m 1,965 ft 115 2016
6 Lotte World Tower† Seoul   South Korea 555.7 m 1,823 ft 123 2016
7 One World Trade Center† New York City   United States 546.2 m 1,792 ft 104 2014
8 Tianjin CTF Finance Centre† Tianjin   China 530.4 m 1,740 ft 98 2019
9 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou   China 530 m 1,739 ft 111 2016
10 China Zun Beijing   China 528 m 1,732 ft 108 2018
11 Willis Tower† Chicago   United States 527 m 1,729 ft 108 1974
12 Taipei 101 Taipei   Taiwan 508 m 1,667 ft 101 2004
13 Shanghai World Financial Center† Shanghai   China 494.3 m 1,622 ft 101 2008
14 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong   China 484 m 1,588 ft 118 2010
15 Wuhan Greenland Center Wuhan   China 475.6 m 1,560 ft 97 2021
16 Central Park Tower New York City   United States 472.4 m 1,550 ft 98 2020
17 Landmark 81† Ho Chi Minh City   Vietnam 469.5 m 1,540 ft 81 2018
18 Lakhta Center St. Petersburg   Russia 462 m 1,516 ft 86 2019
19 International Land-Sea Center Chongqing   China 458.2 m 1,503 ft 98 2022
20 John Hancock Center† Chicago   United States 456.9 m 1,499 ft 100 1969
21 The Exchange 106 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 453.6 m 1,488 ft 95 2019
22 Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha   China 452.1 m 1,483 ft 94 2018
23 Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 451.9 m 1,483 ft 88 1998
23 Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 451.9 m 1,483 ft 88 1998
25 Zifeng Tower Nanjing   China 450 m 1,476 ft 89 2010
25 Suzhou IFS Suzhou   China 450 m 1,476 ft 98 2019
27 Empire State Building† New York City   United States 443.2 m 1,454 ft 102 1931
28 Kingkey 100 Shenzhen   China 441.8 m 1,449 ft 100 2011
29 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou   China 438.6 m 1,445 ft 103 2009
30 Wuhan Center Wuhan   China 438 m 1,437 ft 88 2019
31 111 West 57th Street New York City   United States 435.3 m 1,428 ft 82 2020
32 Dongguan International Trade Center 1 Dongguan   China 426.9 m 1,401 ft 88 2020
33 One Vanderbilt New York City   United States 427 m 1,401 ft 58 2020
34 432 Park Avenue New York City   United States 425.5 m 1,396 ft 85 2015
35 Marina 101 Dubai   United Arab Emirates 425 m 1,394 ft 101 2017
36 Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago   United States 423.2 m 1,388 ft 96 2009
37 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai   China 421 m 1,381 ft 88 1998
38 Princess Tower† Dubai   United Arab Emirates 414 m 1,358 ft 101 2012
39 Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City   Kuwait 412.6 m 1,354 ft 80 2010
40 Two International Finance Centre Hong Kong   China 412 m 1,352 ft 88 2003
41 Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower Busan   South Korea 411.6 m 1,350 ft 101 2019
42 Guangxi China Resources Tower Nanning   China 402.7 m 1,321 ft 85 2019
43 Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1[59] Guiyang   China 401 m 1,316 ft 79 2021

Height to occupied floor

 
Tallest buildings by highest occupied floor in 2022.

This height is measured to the highest occupiable floor within the building.[10]

Rank Building City Country Height Floors Built
1 Burj Khalifa Dubai   United Arab Emirates 585.4 m (1,921 ft) 163 2010
2 Shanghai Tower Shanghai   China 583.4 m (1,914 ft) 128 2015
3 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen   China 562.2 m (1,844 ft) 115 2016
4 China Zun Beijing   China 515.5 m (1,691 ft) 108 2018
5 Merdeka 118 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 502.8 m (1,650 ft) 118 2023
6 Lotte World Tower Seoul   South Korea 497.6 m (1,633 ft) 123 2016
7 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou   China 495.5 m (1,626 ft) 111 2016
8 Abraj Al-Bait Towers Mecca   Saudi Arabia 494.4 m (1,622 ft) 120 2012
9 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai   China 474 m (1,555 ft) 101 2008
10 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong   China 468.8 m (1,538 ft) 118 2010
11 Tianjin CTF Finance Centre Tianjin   China 439.4 m (1,442 ft) 97 2018
12 Taipei 101 Taipei   Taiwan 438 m (1,437 ft) 101 2004
13 Central Park Tower New York City   United States 431.8 m (1,417 ft) 98 2020
14 Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha   China 431 m (1,414 ft) 94 2017
15 International Land-Sea Center Chongqing   China 429.8 m (1,410 ft) 98 2022
16 KK100 Shenzhen   China 427.1 m (1,401 ft) 98 2011
17 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou   China 415.1 m (1,362 ft) 101 2010
18 Willis Tower Chicago   United States 412.7 m (1,354 ft) 108 1974

Height to roof

This list of tallest buildings by height to roof ranks completed skyscrapers by height to roof which reach a height of 300 metres (984 ft) or more. Only buildings with continuously occupiable floors are included, thus non-building structures, including towers, are not included. Some assessments of the tallest building use 'height to roof' to determine tallest building, as 'architectural feature' is regarded as a subjective and an imprecise comparative measure. However, in November 2009, the CTBUH stopped using the roof height as the metric for tall buildings because modern tall buildings rarely have a part of the building that can categorically be deemed the roof.[111]

Rank Building City Country Height (m) Height (ft) Floors Built Reference
1 Burj Khalifa Dubai   UAE 739.4 m 2,426 ft 163 2010 [112]
2 Shanghai Tower Shanghai   China 574.5 m 1,885 ft 127 2015 [113]
3 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen   China 555 m 1,821 ft 115 2016 [114]
4 Merdeka 118 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 518.2 m 1,700 ft 118 2023 [115]
5 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou   China 518 m 1,699 ft 111 2016 [116]
6 Abraj Al-Bait Towers Mecca   Saudi Arabia 508 m 1,666 ft 120 2012 [117][118]
7 Lotte World Tower Seoul   South Korea 497.6 m 1,633 ft 123 2016 [citation needed]
8 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai   China 487.41 m 1,599 ft 101 2008 [119]
9 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong   China 479.83 m 1,574 ft 118 2010 [120]
10 Central Park Tower New York City   United States 472.44 m 1,550 ft 131 2019 [121]
11 Tianjin CTF Finance Centre Tianjin   China 471.1 m 1,545 ft 97 2019 [122]
12 Taipei 101 Taipei   Taiwan 449.20 m 1,471 ft 101 2004 [123]
13 Willis Tower Chicago   United States 442.14 m 1,451 ft 108 1974 [124]
14 KK100 Shenzhen   China 442.0 m 1,449 ft 100 2011 [citation needed] -->
15 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou   China 432.00 m 1,417 ft 103 2009 [125]
16 432 Park Avenue New York City   United States 425.5 m 1,396 ft 96 2015 [citation needed] -->
17 One World Trade Center New York City   United States 417.0 m 1,368 ft 104 2014 [126]
18 Haeundae LCT Landmark Tower Busan   South Korea 411.6 m 1,350 ft 101 2019 [127]
19 International Finance Centre Hong Kong   China 401.1 m 1,316 ft 88 2003 [128]
20 Princess Tower Dubai   UAE 392.0 m 1,286 ft 101 2012 [129]
21 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai   China 382.5 m 1,255 ft 88 1998 [130]
22 Zifeng Tower Nanjing   China 381.3 m 1,251 ft 89 2009 [131]
23 Empire State Building New York City   United States 381.0 m 1,250 ft 102 1931 [132]
24= Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 378.5 m 1,250 ft 88 1998 [133]
24= Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 378.5 m 1,250 ft 88 1998 [134]
25 Marina 101 Dubai   UAE 371.0 m 1,207 ft 80 2014 [citation needed]
26 Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City   Kuwait 368.0 m 1,207 ft 80 2011 [citation needed]
27 Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago   United States 357.8 m 1,174 ft 96 2009 [135]
28 Tuntex Sky Tower Kaohsiung   Taiwan 347.5 m 1,140 ft 85 1997 [136]
29 Aon Center Chicago   United States 346.25 m 1,136 ft 83 1973 [137]
30 John Hancock Center Chicago   United States 343.5 m 1,127 ft 100 1969
31 Haeundae LCT the Sharp I Busan   South Korea 339.1 m 1,112 ft 85 2019 [138]
32 Mercury City Tower Moscow   Russia 339.0 m 1,112 ft 75 2012
33 Haeundae LCT the Sharp II Busan   South Korea 333.1 m 1,093 ft 85 2019 [139]
34 China World Trade Center Tower 3 Beijing   China 333.0 m 1,093 ft 74 2008
35 Parc1 Tower 1 Seoul   South Korea 333 m 1,093 ft 69 2020 [140]
36 Ryugyong Hotel Pyongyang   North Korea 330.0 m 1,083 ft 105 1992[C]
37 The Index Dubai   UAE 328.0 m 1,076 ft 80 2009
38 Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower Tokyo   Japan 325.4 m 1,067 ft 64 2023 [141]
39 Shun Hing Square Shenzhen   China 324.8 m 1,066 ft 69 1996
40 Four Seasons Place KLCC Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 323 m 1,076 ft 74 2018 [citation needed]
41 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou   China 321.9 m 1,056 ft 80 1997
42 Nina Tower Hong Kong   China 318.8 m 1,046 ft 80 2006
43 Rose Tower Dubai   UAE 315.0 m 1,033 ft 72 2008
44 Bank of China Tower Hong Kong   China 315.0 m 1,033 ft 72 1990
45 Bank of America Plaza Atlanta   United States 311.8 m 1,023 ft 55 1992
46 Emirates Office Tower Dubai   UAE 311.0 m 1,020 ft 56 2000
47 U.S. Bank Tower Los Angeles   United States 310.3 m 1,018 ft 73 1989
48 Menara Telekom Kuala Lumpur   Malaysia 309.9 m 1,017 ft 55 2001
49 Almas Tower Dubai   UAE 310.0 m 1,017 ft 74 2008
50 The Shard London   United Kingdom 310.0 m 1,017 ft 72 2012
51 Central Plaza Hong Kong   China 309.0 m 1,014 ft 78 1992
52 One57 New York City   United States 306m 1,005 ft 73 2014
53 The Address Downtown Burj Khalifa Dubai   UAE 306.0 m 1,004 ft 78 2008
54 JPMorgan Chase Tower Houston   United States 305.4 m 1,002 ft 75 1982
55 Northeast Asia Trade Tower Incheon   South Korea 305.1 m 1,001 ft 68 2010
56 Baiyoke Tower II Bangkok   Thailand 304.0 m 997 ft 85 1997
57 Wells Fargo Plaza Houston   United States 302.4 m 992 ft 71 1983
58 Kingdom Centre Riyadh   Saudi Arabia 302.0 m 991 ft 41 2002
59 Moscow Tower Moscow   Russia 302.0 m 989 ft 76 2010 -->
60 Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 101 Busan   South Korea 300 m 984 ft 80 2011 [142]
61 Abeno Harukas Osaka   Japan 300 m 984 ft 60 2014 [143]

Buildings under construction

This is a list of buildings taller than 350 m that are currently under construction.[144] On-hold buildings whose construction was interrupted after it had reached a significantly advanced state are listed in a separate table.

Under construction

Rank Building Planned architectural height Floors Planned completion Country City Ref.
1 Oblisco Capitale 1,000 m (3,300 ft) 210 2030   Egypt New Administrative Capital [145]
2 Jeddah Tower 1,000 m (3,300 ft) 167+ 2028   Saudi Arabia Jeddah [146]
3 Burj Azizi 725 m (2,379 ft) 131 2028   UAE Dubai [147]
4 Burj Binghatti Jacob & Co Residences 595 m (1,952 ft) 105 2026 Dubai [148]
5 Senna Tower 544 m (1,784 ft) 154 2030   BRA Balneário Camboriú [149]
6 Six Senses Residences Dubai Marina 517 m (1,696 ft) 125 2028   UAE [150]
7 The Line 500 m (1,640 ft.) ? 2030   Saudi Arabia Neom [151]
8 China International Silk Road Center 498 m (1,634 ft) 101 2025   China Xi'an [152]
9 Panda Tower - Tianfu Center 488.9 m (1,604 ft) 95 2026 Chengdu [153]
10 Rizhao Center 485 m (1,591 ft) 94 2028 Rizhao [154]
11 North Bund Tower 480 m (1,575 ft) 97 2027 Shanghai
12 Torre Rise 475 m (1,559 ft) 88 2026   Mexico Monterrey
13 Wuhan CTF Centre 475 m (1,558 ft) 84 2026   China Wuhan [155]
14 Suzhou Center North Tower 470 m (1,540 ft) ? 2024 Suzhou [156]
15 Aeternitas Tower 450 m (1,480 ft) 106   UAE Dubai
16 China Resources Land Center 436.1 m (1,431 ft) 98 2026   China Dongguan [157]
17 Haikou Tower 1 428 m (1,404 ft) 93 2027   China Haikou
18 Wuhan Yangtze River Center Tower 400 m (1,300 ft) 82 2025 Wuhan [158]
19 Mukaab 400 m (1,300 ft) 2030   Saudi Arabia Riyadh
20 Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Tower 1 399.8 m (1,312 ft) 83   China Hangzhou [159]
21 China Merchants Group West Headquarters 396 m (1,299 ft) 82 Chengdu
22 Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-1 394 m (1,293 ft) 78 2027 Shenzhen [160]
23 China Merchants Bank Global Headquarters 393 m (1,289 ft) 74 2026 [161]
24 Haiyun Plaza Tower 1 390 m (1,280 ft) 86 2024 Rizhao [162]
25 Guohua Financial Center Tower 1 388 m (1,273 ft) 79 Wuhan [163]
26 Tour F 385.8 m (1,266 ft) 64 2026   Ivory Coast Abidjan [164]
27 Torch Tower 385 m (1,263 ft) 62 2028   Japan Tokyo [165]
28 Shekou Prince Bay Tower 380 m (1,250 ft) 70   China Shenzhen [166]
29 Shenzhen Luohu Friendship Trading Centre 379.9 m (1,246 ft) 83 2026 [167]
30 China Merchants Prince Bay Tower 374 m (1,227 ft) 59 2028 [168]
31 Lucheng Square 369 m (1,211 ft) 75 Wenzhou [169]
32 Taipei Twin Tower 1 369 m (1,211 ft) 74 2027   Taiwan Taipei
33 Hengli Global Operations Headquarters Tower 1 369 m (1,211 ft) ? 2024   China Suzhou [170]
34 Naga Tower 1 358 m (1,175 ft) 70 2026   Cambodia Phnom Penh
35 City Tower 1 358 m (1,175 ft) 94 2025   UAE Dubai
36 Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-2 355.7 m (1,167 ft) 68 2027   China Shenzhen [171]
37 Guohong Center 350 m (1,150 ft) 71 2025 Wenzhou [172]
China Resources Huafu Tower 2025 Shenzhen [173]
Poly Liangxi Plaza Foshan [174]

On hold

Rank Building Planned architectural height Floors Planned completion Country City Ref.
1 Goldin Finance 117[note 1] 597 m (1,959 ft) 117   China Tianjin
2 Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center 499.8 m (1,640 ft) 102 Nanjing [175]
3 Suzhou Zhongnan Center 499.2 m (1,638 ft) 103 Suzhou [176]
4 HeXi Yuzui Tower A 498.8 m (1,636 ft) 84 Nanjing [177]
5 Chushang Building 475 m (1,558 ft) 111 Wuhan [178]
6 Fosun Bund Center T1 470 m (1,540 ft) [179]
7 Chengdu Greenland Tower 468 m (1,535 ft) 101 Chengdu [180]
8 Evergrande City Light 453.5 m (1,488 ft) 88 Ningbo [181]
9 Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28 450 m (1,480 ft) 106 Shijiazhuang [182]
10 One Bangkok 436.1 m (1,431 ft) 92   Thailand Bangkok [183]
11 Burj Almasa 432 m (1,417 ft) 93 2027   Saudi Arabia Jeddah [184]
12 Greenland Center Tower 1 428 m (1,404 ft)   China Kunming [185]
13 Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower 407 m (1,335 ft) 100 [186]
14 Icon Towers 1 384 m (1,260 ft) 77   Indonesia Jakarta [187]
15 Greenland Star City Light Tower 379.9 m (1,246 ft) 83   China Changsha [188]
16 Ping An IFC 373 m (1,224 ft) Nanchang [189]
17 Fosun Bund Center T2 356 m (1,168 ft) Wuhan [190]
18 Global Port Tower 1 350 m (1,150 ft) Lanzhou [191]
Global Port Tower 2 [192]
Guowei ZY Plaza 62 Zhuhai [193]

List by continent

The following list shows the tallest completed buildings located on each continent listed by greatest to least height (click on name of continent for continent-specific list):

Continent Building Height Floor count Completed Country City
Asia Burj Khalifa 828 m (2,717 ft) 163 2010   United Arab Emirates Dubai
North America One World Trade Center 541.3 m (1,776 ft) 94 2014   United States New York City
Europe Lakhta Center 462 m (1,516 ft) 86 2018   Russia Saint Petersburg
Africa Iconic Tower 393.8 m (1,292 ft) 79 2023   Egypt New Administrative Capital
Oceania Q1 323 m (1,060 ft) 78 2005   Australia Gold Coast
South America Gran Torre Santiago[194] 300 m (980 ft) 64 2012   Chile Santiago
Antarctica Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Payload Preparation Buildings[195][196] 15 m (49 ft) 1 2005 - McMurdo Station

Countries with most buildings on list

The following list shows the countries whose buildings are featured on the main list of world's tallest buildings (first list featured above), in order from most amount of buildings on the list to least amount of buildings on the list.

Rank Country Number of skyscrapers on list City with most skyscrapers on list Tallest building Height of tallest building
1   China 47 Shenzhen Shanghai Tower 632.0 m (2,073.5 ft)
2   United Arab Emirates 14 Dubai Burj Khalifa 828.0 m (2,716.5 ft)
3   United States 11 New York City One World Trade Center 541.3 m (1,776 ft)
4   Malaysia 4 Kuala Lumpur Merdeka 118 678.9 m (2,227 ft)
5   Russia 3 Moscow Lakhta Center 462.0 m (1,515.7 ft)
6   Saudi Arabia 2 Mecca; Riyadh Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower 601.0 m (1,971.8 ft)
  South Korea 2 Seoul; Busan Lotte World Tower 554.5 m (1,819 ft)
8   Taiwan 1 Taipei; Kaoshiung Taipei 101 508.0 m (1,666.7 ft)
  Vietnam 1 Ho Chi Minh City Landmark 81 461.2 m (1,513 ft)
  Kuwait 1 Kuwait City Al Hamra Tower 412.6 m (1,354 ft)
  Egypt 1 New Administrative Capital Iconic Tower (Egypt) 393.8 m (1,292 ft)
  Indonesia 1 Jakarta Autograph Tower 382.9 m (1,256 ft)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Structurally Topped Out

References

  1. ^ "Burj Dubai now a record 688m tall and continues to rise". Emaar Properties. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
  2. ^ "The Tallest 20 in 2020: Entering the Era of the Megatall". CTBUH. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  3. ^ Collins, Dana M. (2001). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
  4. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "History of the World's Tallest Buildings". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  5. ^ "Skyscraper construction booming in Middle East, Asia - CNN.com". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  6. ^ a b "100 tallest completed buildings in the world". CTBUH. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  7. ^ Lynn S. Beedle. "Tallest: Petronas vs. Sears Tower Controversy". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  8. ^ a b c "History of Measuring Tall Buildings". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  9. ^ "CTBUH changes height criteria, Burj Khalifa height increases". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
  10. ^ a b c d CTBUH Height Criteria for Measuring & Defining Tall Buildings (PDF). CTBUH.
  11. ^ Binder, Georges (August 2006). 101 of the world's tallest buildings. Images Pub. p. 102. ISBN 978-1864701739.
  12. ^ "Tall Buildings In Numbers Vanity Height". Ctbuh.org. Archived from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  13. ^ "Most of the World's Tallest Buildings Game the System With 'Vanity Height' – Jenny Xie". The Atlantic Cities. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  14. ^ "Create Lists/Graphics – The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  15. ^ "Burj Khalifa - the Skyscraper Center".
  16. ^ "Merdeka PNB118 – The Skyscraper Center".
  17. ^ "Shanghai Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  18. ^ "Makkah Royal Clock Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  19. ^ "Ping an Finance Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  20. ^ "Lotte World Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  21. ^ "One World Trade Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  22. ^ "Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre - the Skyscraper Center".
  23. ^ "Tianjin CTF Finance Centre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  24. ^ "CITIC Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  25. ^ "TAIPEI 101 - the Skyscraper Center".
  26. ^ "Shanghai World Financial Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  27. ^ "International Commerce Centre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  28. ^ "Wuhan Greenland Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  29. ^ "Central Park Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  30. ^ "Lakhta Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  31. ^ "Vincom Landmark 81 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  32. ^ "The Exchange 106 - the Skyscraper Center".
  33. ^ "Changsha IFS Tower T1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  34. ^ "Petronas Twin Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  35. ^ "Petronas Twin Tower 2 - the Skyscraper Center".
  36. ^ "Zifeng Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  37. ^ "Suzhou IFS - the Skyscraper Center".
  38. ^ "Wuhan Center Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  39. ^ "Willis Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  40. ^ "KK100 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  41. ^ "Guangzhou International Finance Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  42. ^ "111 West 57th Street - the Skyscraper Center".
  43. ^ "The world's skinniest skyscraper is ready for its first residents - CNN". 6 April 2022.
  44. ^ "Shandong International Financial Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  45. ^ "One Vanderbilt Avenue - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  46. ^ "Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  47. ^ "432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  48. ^ "Marina 101 - the Skyscraper Center".
  49. ^ "Trump International Hotel & Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  50. ^ "JPMorgan Chase World Headquarters - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  51. ^ "Minying International Trade Center T2 - the Skyscraper Center".
  52. ^ "Jin Mao Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  53. ^ "Princess Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  54. ^ "Al Hamra Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  55. ^ "Two International Finance Centre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  56. ^ "LCT the Sharp Landmark Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  57. ^ "Ningbo Central Plaza Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  58. ^ "Guangxi China Resources Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  59. ^ a b "Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  60. ^ "Guiyang International Financial Center T1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  61. ^ "Iconic Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  62. ^ "China Resources Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  63. ^ "23 Marina - the Skyscraper Center".
  64. ^ "CITIC Plaza - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  65. ^ "CITYMARK CENTRE - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  66. ^ "Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  67. ^ "30 Hudson Yards - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  68. ^ "Shun Hing Square - the Skyscraper Center".
  69. ^ "Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  70. ^ "Indonesia's Tallest Skyscraper Autograph Tower Almost Completed". Indonesia Expat. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  71. ^ "Autograph Tower". The Skyscraper Center.
  72. ^ "Nanning Logan Century 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  73. ^ "Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid - the Skyscraper Center".
  74. ^ "Empire State Building - the Skyscraper Center".
  75. ^ "Elite Residence - the Skyscraper Center".
  76. ^ "1 Corporate Avenue - the Skyscraper Center".
  77. ^ "Guangdong Business Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  78. ^ "Central Plaza - the Skyscraper Center".
  79. ^ "Federation Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  80. ^ "Hengfeng Guiyang Center Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  81. ^ "Dalian International Trade Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  82. ^ "Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  83. ^ "The Address Boulevard - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  84. ^ "Qingdao Hai Tian Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  85. ^ "Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  86. ^ "Bank of China Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  87. ^ "Bank of America Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  88. ^ "Ciel Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  89. ^ "The St. Regis Chicago - the Skyscraper Center".
  90. ^ "Almas Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  91. ^ "Ping An Finance Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  92. ^ "Huiyun Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  93. ^ "Hanking Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  94. ^ "Greenland Group Suzhou Center". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  95. ^ "Greenland Group Suzhou Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  96. ^ "Gevora Hotel - the Skyscraper Center".
  97. ^ "Galaxy Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  98. ^ "Galaxy Tower 2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  99. ^ "Il Primo Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  100. ^ "JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  101. ^ "JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 2 - the Skyscraper Center".
  102. ^ "Emirates Tower One - the Skyscraper Center".
  103. ^ "Raffles City Chongqing T3N - the Skyscraper Center".
  104. ^ "Raffles City Chongqing T4N - the Skyscraper Center".
  105. ^ "OKO - Residential Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
  106. ^ "İstanbul'a Avrupa'nın en yüksek binası! Yeni Merkez Bankası için zorlu çalışma". Milliyet (in Turkish). 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  107. ^ "The Torch - the Skyscraper Center".
  108. ^ "Forum 66 Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
  109. ^ "The Pinnacle - the Skyscraper Center".
  110. ^ "Glory・Xi'an International Financial Center - the Skyscraper Center".
  111. ^ "CTBUH Changes Height Criteria". Ctbuh.org. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  112. ^ "Burj Khalifa". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
  113. ^ "Shanghai Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022.
  114. ^ "Ping An International Finance Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020.
  115. ^ Abdelrazaq, Ahmad (22 January 2022). "Ahmad Abdelrazaq- Constructing Merdeka 118:World's Second-Tallest Building" (video). youtube.com. The Skyscraper Museum.
  116. ^ "Башня Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre © Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates". archi.ru. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  117. ^ "Makkah Clock Royal Tower". Curtainwall Design Consulting. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  118. ^ "Abraj Al Bait Towers" (JPG).
  119. ^ "Shanghai World Financial Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016.
  120. ^ "International Commerce Centre". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
  121. ^ "Central Park Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020.
  122. ^ "Tianjin Chow Tai Fook Finance Centre Diagram". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  123. ^ "Taipei 101". Emporis. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
  124. ^ "Willis Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
  125. ^ "Guangzhou International Finance Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015.
  126. ^ "One World Trade Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015.
  127. ^ "Haeundae LCT Landmark Tower". skyscraperpage.com.
  128. ^ "Two International Finance Centre". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  129. ^ "Princess Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015.
  130. ^ "Jin Mao Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015.
  131. ^ "Zifeng Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015.
  132. ^ "Empire State Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015.
  133. ^ "Petronas Tower 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016.
  134. ^ "Petronas Tower 2". Emporis. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021.
  135. ^ "Trump International Hotel & Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015.
  136. ^ "Tuntex Sky Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  137. ^ "Aon Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016.
  138. ^ "Haeundae LCT the Sharp I". skyscraperpage.com.
  139. ^ "Haeundae LCT the Sharp II". skyscraperpage.com.
  140. ^ "Parc1 Tower 1". skyscraperpage.com.
  141. ^ "Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower". skyscraperpage.com.
  142. ^ "Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 101". skyscraperpage.com.
  143. ^ "Abeno Harukas". skyscraperpage.com.
  144. ^ "All Global Buildings". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  145. ^ "Tallest on Earth". IPG Egypt.
  146. ^ Holland, Oscar (3 October 2024). "Construction of world's tallest skyscraper resumes after years-long hiatus". CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  147. ^ Cairns, Rebecca (5 September 2024). "Dubai is home to world's tallest skyscraper. Now it's building the second-tallest, too". CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  148. ^ "Burj Binghatti Jacob & Co Residences - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  149. ^ "Senna Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  150. ^ "Six Senses Residences - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  151. ^ Monteros, Mario Espinosa de los (26 July 2022). "First views of 'The Line', the 170-kilometer Saudi skyscraper". Diario AS. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  152. ^ "Greenland Centre". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  153. ^ "Tianfu Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  154. ^ "Rizhao Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  155. ^ "Wuhan CTF Finance Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  156. ^ "Suzhou Center North Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  157. ^ "China Resources Land Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  158. ^ "Wuhan Yangtze River Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  159. ^ "Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  160. ^ "Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  161. ^ "China Merchants Bank Headquarters Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  162. ^ "Haiyun Plaza Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  163. ^ "Guohua Financial Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  164. ^ "Tour F". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  165. ^ "Groundbreaking Ceremony held for Torch Tower, to be Japan's Tallest Building at 385m". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. 27 September 2023.
  166. ^ "Shekou Prince Bay Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  167. ^ "Shenzhen Luohu Friendship Trading Centre". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  168. ^ "China Merchants Prince Bay Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  169. ^ "Lucheng Square". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  170. ^ "Hengli Global Operations Headquarters Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  171. ^ "Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  172. ^ "Guohong Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  173. ^ "China Resources Huafu Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  174. ^ "Poly Liangxi Plaza". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  175. ^ "Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  176. ^ "Suzhou Zhongnan Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  177. ^ "HeXi Yuzui Tower A". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  178. ^ "Chushang Building". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  179. ^ "Fosun Bund Center T1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  180. ^ "Chengdu Greenland Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  181. ^ "Evergrande City Light - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  182. ^ "Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  183. ^ "One Bangkok O4H4". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  184. ^ "Burj Almasa". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  185. ^ "Greenland Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  186. ^ "Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  187. ^ "Duta Anggada Realty, tbk". www.dutaanggadarealty.com.
  188. ^ "Greenland Star Light Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  189. ^ "Ping An IFC". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  190. ^ "Fosun Bund Center T2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  191. ^ "Global Port Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  192. ^ "Global Port Tower 2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  193. ^ "Guowei ZY Plaza". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  194. ^ "Costanera Center es oficialmente el edificio más alto de Latinoámerica". La Segunda. 14 February 2012.
  195. ^ Jones, W. Vernon. "Report on the Balloon Program" Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, NASA Astrophysics Subcommittee Meeting. 16 April 2013.
  196. ^ Pacheco, Luis Eduardo. "McMurdo Station, Antarctica – Stratospheric balloon launches". stratocat.com.ar. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_tallest_buildings&oldid=1258672878#Buildings_under_construction"