Wikipedia

List of international presidential trips made by Dilma Rousseff

This is a list of international presidential trips made by Dilma Rousseff, the 36th President of Brazil. During her presidency, which began with her inauguration on 1 January 2011 and ended with her impeachment on 31 August 2016, Rousseff visited 24 countries as of July 2012.[1]

President Rousseff arrives at the G-20 summit in Cannes, France, on 3 November 2011.

Summary of international trips

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Further information: Foreign relations of Brazil
 
Map of international trips made by Dilma Rousseff as president:
  1 visit
  2 visits
  3 visits
  4 visits
  5 visits
  6 visits
  7 or more visits
  Brazil
Number of visits Country
1 visit Angola, Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Finland, Germany, Greece, Haiti, India, Mozambique, Paraguay, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Venezuela
2 visits Mexico, Peru, Turkey, Uruguay
3 visits France
4 visits United States
5 visits Argentina

2011

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The following international trips were made by President Dilma Rousseff in 2011:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Notes
  Argentina Buenos Aires 31 January
Further information: Argentina–Brazil relations
President Rousseff's state visit to Argentina was her first trip outside Brazil as president. She chose Argentina as the first foreign trip of her presidency in a demonstration of the "special and strategic" ties between the two countries.[2] During her state visit to Buenos Aires, Rousseff stated that "it was not a casual decision to pick Argentina as my first foreign destination" and praised Argentina as a "strategic ally" to her country.[3] She had a private meeting with President Cristina Kirchner at the Casa Rosada and signed several treaties to foster bilateral relations. She also met with the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo.[1]
  Portugal Lisbon
Coimbra 		28–30 March
Further information: Brazil–Portugal relations
During President Rousseff's 3-day visit to Portugal, she met with the Portuguese leadership in Lisbon and attended a ceremony at the University of Coimbra where former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was awarded an honoris causa degree.[1]
  Greece Athens
 9 April
Further information: Brazil–Greece relations
Before her trip to China, President Rousseff stopped in Athens to discuss Greece's debt crisis, as well as the European country's experience organizing the 2004 Olympic Games.[4]
  China Beijing
Sanya
Boao
Xi'an 		10–15 April
Further information: Brazil – People's Republic of China relations
President Rousseff arrived in Beijing on 12 April. During the first official day of her state visit, President Rousseff attended the opening ceremony of the Brazil-China High Level Meeting on Science, Technology and Innovation and the closing ceremony of the Brazil-China Business Summit. Later, she received a ceremonial welcome at the Zhongnanhai where she met with President Hu Jintao and signed several treaties. On the evening of 12 April, she attended a state dinner offered by President Hu Jintao. On the second day of her visit, she met with the Chinese leadership in Beijing, including chairman Wu Bangguo and Premier Wen Jiabao. On 14 April, she traveled to Sanya where she attended the 2011 BRICS summit and held private meetings with the presidents of Russia, Dmitri Medvedev, and South Africa, Jacob Zuma, as well as with the prime ministers of India, Manmohan Singh, and Ukraine, Mykola Azarov. On 15 April, she traveled to Boao where she attended the Boao Forum for Asia. On the last day of her trip, President Rousseff visited the research and development center of the ZTE Corporation in Xi'an. She departed Xi'an Xianyang on 16 April en route to Brasília.[1]
  Uruguay Montevideo 30 May
Further information: Brazil–Uruguay relations
On 30 May, Rousseff made a one-day official visit to Uruguay where she met with President José Mujica.[1] Despite the short trip, her agenda included a wide range of issues from power exchange, networking and rail freight transport to trade, tourism and digital television.[5]
  Paraguay Asunción 28–29 June President Rousseff traveled to Asunción as part of the 41st Mercosur summit. She also held a private bilateral meeting with President Fernando Lugo.[1]
  Peru Lima 28 July On 28 July, President Rousseff traveled to Lima where she attended the inauguration of President Ollanta Humala.[1]
  United States New York City 18–22 September
Further information: Brazil and the United Nations
President Rousseff arrived in New York on 18 September for her five-day visit as part of the General debate of the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly. On 19 September, President Rousseff opened the High-Level Meeting on Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control at the United Nations and attended the High-Level Gathering of Women Political Leaders at UN Women. On 20 September, President Rousseff had private bilateral meetings with the presidents of Mexico, Felipe Calderón and the United States, Barack Obama. Obama and Rousseff hosted the formal launch of the Open Government Partnership at an event with heads of state and senior officials from 46 countries.[6] On the evening of 20 September, she was awarded the Woodrow Wilson Public Service Award, a distinction which was also given to her predecessor in 2009.[7] On the following day, she became the first woman to open a session of the United Nations General Assembly.[8] She also held bilateral meetings with the presidents of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, Peru, Ollanta Humala, Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, and with the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron. On the evening of 21 September, she attended a formal dinner offered by the Permanent Representative of Brazil to the United Nations, Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti. On the last day of her New York trip, she attended the High-Level Meeting on Nuclear Safety at the United Nations.[1]
  Belgium Brussels 2–4 October
Further information: Brazil–European Union relations
President Rousseff traveled to Brussels, Belgium, as part of a three-country tour of Europe. On 3 October, the President met with Prime Minister Yves Leterme and attended a state dinner offered by the presidents of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy, and European Commission, José Manuel Barroso. On the following day, she attended the 5th EU–Brazil summit, aimed at strengthening the strategic partnership between Brazil and the European bloc. The President later attended a banquet at the Royal Castle of Laeken offered to her by King Albert II and Queen Paola. On the final engagement of her trip, the President attended the opening ceremony of the Europalia Brazil 2011 festival.[1]
  Bulgaria Sofia
Gabrovo
Veliko Tarnovo 		4–6 October On 4 October, President Rousseff arrived in Bulgaria for the first time ever for an emotional back-to-the-roots visit to the homeland of her late emigrant father.[9] The President was welcomed by her Bulgarian counterpart Georgy Parvanov at an official ceremony in the St. Alexander Nevsky Plaza. She later met with Prime Minister Boyko Borisov and Chairwoman Tsetska Tsacheva. During her visit, Rousseff was awarded Bulgaria's highest state honour, the Order of Stara Planina.[10] On the evening of 5 October, the President attended the Brazil-Bulgaria Business summit. Aiming to expand Brazil's economic presence in Bulgaria, Rousseff was accompanied by key ministers and representatives from Brazil's biggest companies, including state-controlled oil company Petrobras, mining company Vale and aerospace conglomerate Embraer.[11] While economic issues dominated the agenda, on the morning of 6 October, Rousseff paid a visit to the grave of her Bulgarian half-brother, Lyuben-Kamen Rusev in Sofia, whom she never met and who died in 2007 at the age of 78[12] and later visited the old Bulgarian capital of Veliko Tarnovo[13] and her father's birthplace of Gabrovo on 6 October. There she was greeted by members of some 30 families that claim a common heritage with her father.[9]
  Turkey Ankara
Istanbul 		6–8 October President Rousseff arrived in Ankara, Turkey, on the evening of 6 October for a three-day state visit.[1] She was accompanied by her foreign, defense, finance, foreign trade, development, science and communications ministers.[14] Topics on the presidential agenda included trade, energy and education as well as matters of regional and international concern.[15] On the first day of her visit, Rousseff met with President Abdullah Gül and the two signed several bilateral agreements. The leaders also signed a joint declaration titled "Turkey-Brazil: A Strategic Perspective for a Dynamic Partnership.”[14] Later, the President visited the Atatürk Memorial and a spoke at the Brazil-Turkey Business Summit. On 8 October, Rousseff paid a visit to Istanbul's historical and touristic sites before returning to Brasília.
  South Africa Pretoria 17–18 October
Further information: Brazil – South Africa relations
On 17 October, President Rousseff arrived in Pretoria, South Africa, on the first leg of her African tour that also included Mozambique and Angola.[1] In Pretoria, President Rousseff met with her South African counterpart, Jacob Zuma, at the Presidential Guest House. Topics on the bilateral agenda included Security Council reform, the European sovereign debt crisis, the situation in Syria and the military intervention in Libya.[16] While in Pretoria, President Rousseff attended the 5th IBSA Summit and held a private meeting with Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh. She departed Johannesburg International Airport on 18 October en route to Maputo.
  Mozambique Maputo 18–19 October President Rousseff arrived in Maputo, Mozambique, on the evening of 18 October. In Maputo, the President took part in the ceremony paying tribute to the late Samora Machel, who was the leader of Mozambique's independence struggle and the first Mozambican president. President Rousseff also met with President Armando Guebuza and local businessmen. Rousseff's visit was expected to boost economic relations between Mozambique and Brazil.[17] Trade between the two countries increased from 25 million dollars in 2010 to 60 million dollars in the first months of 2011.[18] Mozambique has a number of Brazilian investments, notably coal mining projects in Moatize, and is currently considered to be the biggest beneficiary of Brazilian aid, involving approximately US$70 million in the areas of education, health, agriculture, and professional training.[17] While in Maputo, the President inaugurated the new official residence of the Brazilian ambassador and opened an exhibition of Mozambican artists at the Brazil-Mozambique Cultural Center.
  Angola Luanda 19–20 October
Further information: Angola–Brazil relations
President Rousseff was in Luanda on the third and final leg of an African tour which took her to South Africa and Mozambique.[19] Rousseff's two-day official visit was aimed at strengthening bilateral cooperation.[20] The two former Portuguese colonies enjoy strong relations as well as many cultural links.[19] During her visit, the President met her Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, and was also at the National Assembly, where she addressed a speech.[20] "Angola's relaunch is a paradigm for other countries in Africa in terms of economic and social stability. It is an example for hope," she told the country's parliament.[19] Rousseff said she hoped Angola and Brazil would continue to deepen their cooperation, particularly in agriculture and energy. A trade delegation from Brazil, she said would visit Angola in November 2011.[19] In the past six years, Brazil has extended more than US$3 billion in credit lines to Angola, most of which has been spent on post-war construction projects such as new roads, dams and bridges.[19] President Rousseff, left the Angolan capital on the evening of 20 October.[20]
  France Cannes
Paris 		1–5 November
Further information: 2011 G-20 Cannes summit
President Rousseff was in France for a week-long trip as part of the 2011 G-20 Cannes summit.[1] The President was accompanied by the Minister of Foreign Relations, Antonio Patriota, the Minister of Finance, Guido Mantega, the Press Secretary, Helena Chagas, and the Spokesman of the Presidency, Rodrigo Baena. During the summit, she expressed Brazil's readiness to offer aid to troubled countries in Europe through the International Monetary Fund, and called for "leadership, clear vision, and swift action" in response to the economic crisis.[21] On the eve of the summit, the Brazilian delegation had attempted to coordinate actions for offering aid to the EU with fellow BRICS members Russia, India, China and South Africa.[21] During her visit, she also held bilateral meetings with the prime ministers of Australia, Germany, Turkey, and Singapore, as well as with the presidents of China and Indonesia.[1] On 5 November, she flew to Paris, where she visited the UNESCO headquarters and met with its General Director, Irina Bokova.[1] She told Bokova that Brazil strongly supports UNESCO, and praised the recent admission of Palestine as a full member of the organization.[22]
  Venezuela Caracas 1–2 December The President was in Caracas for a two-day summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States.[1] At the summit, Rousseff stressed the need to boost local industries and increase trade within the region in order to ride out turbulent times.[23] She also held bilateral meetings with the presidents of Venezuela, Bolivia and Argentina. Venezuela agreed to purchase 20 commercial planes from Brazil's Embraer.[24]
  Argentina Buenos Aires 10 December Rousseff traveled to Buenos Aires to attend the swearing-in ceremony of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's second term as president.[1]
  Uruguay Montevideo 20 December President Rousseff was in Montevideo for the 42nd Mercosur summit.[1] Topics on the agenda included a free-trade agreement with Palestine, Venezuela's permanent membership proposal and a draft resolution barring Falklands' flagged vessels from all regional ports.[25][26][27]

2012

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The following international trips have been made by President Dilma Rousseff during her second year in office as of December 2012:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Notes
  Cuba Havana
Mariel 		30 January – 1 February
Further information: Brazil–Cuba relations
Rousseff traveled to Cuba on 30 January for a 3-day state visit to the island.[28] The presidential agenda was focused on improving the economic ties and expanding Brazil's influence in the region.[29] According to Matthew Taylor, a Brazil specialist at the American University's School of International Service, the visit was about "growing Brazil's soft power on the international scale and raising Brazil's role in the world".[29] In Havana, Rousseff met with president Raúl Castro and with former president Fidel Castro.[28] Brazil is investing $800 million in renovation of Cuba's Mariel port, a strategic infrastructure project to increase trade.[29] The Brazilian government will also open a $350 million credit line to Cuba to finance food purchases, and another $200 million to purchase agricultural equipment.[29] Rousseff also signed several science and technology cooperation agreements. At a press conference, Rousseff pointed to the United States embargo against Cuba as a source of its economic woes, and as another motive for Brazil's support of the Cuban economy.[29]
  Haiti Port-au-Prince 1 February Rousseff arrived in Haiti on 1 February 2012, for a state visit.[28] She met with Haitian President Michel Martelly and Prime Minister Garry Conille. On the agenda were economic ties and the efforts to deal with Haitian refugees arriving in Brazil since the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas have seen an influx of undocumented Haitians since the quake. Brazil announced that it had allocated more than $500,000 to help the more than 4,000 Haitian immigrants who are being granted permanent residency.[30]
  Germany Hanover 5–6 March President Rousseff traveled to Hanover, Germany, to attend the 2012 CeBIT trade fair, following an invitation from the German government.[28] Brazil was chosen as a partner country for the 2012 event.[31] On 5 March, she opened the fair and gave a speech, followed by a private meeting with Chancellor Angela Merkel. Rousseff used the opportunity to express her concerns "about the monetary expansion in Europe and the United States" which she said resulted in an "artificial currency devaluation."[32] She also stressed the need for the International Monetary Fund to give developing nations more say at the lending institution.[32] In response, Merkel said it was "very natural" that emerging countries should see their influence boosted at the IMF and said that on this point, Brazil and Germany were "of one mind."[32]
  India New Delhi 27–31 March
Further information: Brazil–India relations and BRICS
President Rousseff traveled to New Delhi, India for the 2012 BRICS summit and for her first state visit to India.[28] The summit was focused on increasing cooperation among the BRICS countries, including the establishment of a BRICS development bank.[33] Rousseff also held bilateral meetings with the BRICS leaders on the sidelines of the summit.[28] During the second part of her trip, the state visit to India, she met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President Pratibha Patil. On the bilateral agenda, Rousseff announced that Brazil plans to boost its trade with India from US$9.2 billion (2011) to US$15 billion by 2015.[33] During her visit, she was awarded an honoris causa degree by the University of Delhi.[28]
  United States Washington, D.C.
Boston 		9–10 April
Further information: Brazil – United States relations
On 9 April 2012, Rousseff made her first official visit to Washington as President of Brazil.[28] She met with President Obama at the White House, where the two leaders had a working lunch. Obama and Rousseff highlighted the areas of cooperation on energy development, education and trade. The United States also announced it was opening two new consulates in Brazil, and the two countries forged an agreement to bolster the trade of cachaça, Brazil's sugarcane liquor.[34] Rousseff also participated at a business summit and met with American businessmen.[28] On 10 April, Rousseff went to Boston to visit the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. The two institutions were chosen by the Brazilian government as partners for its "Science Without Borders" program, which seeks to send 100,000 Brazilian students overseas for science education and training.[35]
  Colombia Cartagena 14–15 April President Rousseff visited Colombia to take part in the 6th Summit of the Americas in Cartagena.[28]
  Mexico Los Cabos 17–19 June The president travelled to Los Cabos, Mexico, to attend the 2012 G-20 Mexico summit.[28] Rousseff also attended a meeting of the BRICS group and held bilateral meetings with several leaders, including Mario Monti, Angela Merkel, Vladimir Putin, and Mariano Rajoy.[28]
  Argentina Mendoza 28–29 June President Rousseff visited Argentina to take part in the 43th[clarification needed] Summit of Mercosur and in the concurrent extraordinary summit of Unasur in Mendoza.[36] The extraordinary summit of Unasur was summoned in order to discuss the Paraguayan political crisis after the impeachment that ousted President Fernando Lugo.[28]
  United Kingdom London 25–28 July Rousseff travelled to London on 25 July 2012, to attend the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics. She also held a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street. In addition, she inaugurated the Casa Brasil or Brazil House, the national house of the Brazilian Olympic Committee during the 2012 Olympic Games.[37] On 27 July, she attended an official reception by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace.[38]
  United States New York City 25 September – 1 October Opening of the 67th UN Assembly.[39]
  Peru Lima 1–2 October Participation in the 3rd Summit of Heads of State and Government of South America-Arab Countries (SAAC).[39]
  Spain Cadiz
Madrid 		15–19 November Official visit
  Argentina Buenos Aires 28 November Participation in the Conference "Argentina and Brazil, integration and development or the risk of primarization".[39]
  France Paris 9–12 December Travel with three issues: measures to contain the impact of the international economic crisis, which affects mainly the countries of the eurozone, and issues related to defense and science, technology and innovation.[39]
  Russia Moscow 13–14 December First official visit to Russia as president of Brazil, with the objective of increasing trade between the two emerging countries.[39]

2013

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On 17 September 2013, President Rousseff cancelled her state visit to Washington, D.C., on 3 October 2013, because of alleged spying by the United States that targeted Brazil.[40]

2015

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The following international trips were made by President Dilma Rousseff in 2015:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Notes
  Mexico Mexico City 25–27 May
Further information: Brazil–Mexico relations

President Rousseff travelled to Mexico for an official visit. President Rousseff met with President Enrique Peña Nieto at the National Palace to discuss agreements on commercial cooperation, investment protection, tourism, and trade. The President also attended a session of the Congress of the Union and visited the National Museum of Anthropology.[citation needed]

  United States Washington, D.C.
Silicon Valley
New York City 		June–July
Further information: Brazil–United States relations

President Barack Obama and Brazilian President met nearly two years after Rousseff canceled a rare state visit to Washington following revelations that Brazil was a target of American spy programs. U.S. is looking for bilateral trade and investment since China has overtaken the U.S. as Brazil's largest trading partner. Rousseff traveled to New York to meet with investment bankers and to Silicon Valley to drum up business for Brazil's information technology industry.[41][42]

  Sweden Stockholm 18–19 October
Further information: Brazil–Sweden relations

President Rousseff travelled to Sweden for an official visit. President Rousseff met with Prime Minister Stefan Löfven and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queen Silvia of Sweden at the Stockholm Palace. She also met with representatives from the city of Stockholm and took part in a business forum.[43]

  Finland Helsinki 19–20 October
Further information: Brazil–Finland relations

President Rousseff travelled to Finland for an official visit. President Rousseff met with President Sauli Niinistö at the Presidential Palace, Helsinki and also met with Prime Minister Juha Sipilä.[44]

  Turkey Antalya 14–16 November
Further information: Brazil–Turkey relations

President Rousseff attended the G-20 summit in Antalya.[45]

  Turkey Antalya 14–16 November
Further information: Brazil–Turkey relations

President Rousseff attended the G-20 summit in Antalya.[46]

  France Paris 30 November President Rousseff attended the COP21 in Paris

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Viagens Internacionais da Presidenta da República/2011 Presidency of Brazil. Retrieved 22 May 2011. (in Portuguese).
  2. ^ Rousseff to make first foreign visit in Argentina Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  3. ^ 'I'm here to make our relationship stronger than ever,' Rousseff Buenos Aires Herald. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  4. ^ "Folha.com – Poder – Antes da China, Dilma visita Grécia e discute economia e Olimpíada com premiê – 09/04/2011". .folha.uol.com.br. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  5. ^ URUGUAY: Mujica receives Rousseff with a dozen agreements under the arm Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Give Us A Chance. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  6. ^ Fact Sheet: The Open Government Partnership White House. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  7. ^ Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff Receives Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  8. ^ Brazil’s President Rousseff to be First Woman to Open United Nations FoxNews Latino. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  9. ^ a b Morning Briefing: Polish Rate Call, Slovakia in View The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  10. ^ Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff officially welcomed to Bulgaria The Sofia Echo. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  11. ^ Brazil's leader visits Bulgaria, father's home[dead link‍] Forbes. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  12. ^ Dilma Rousseff Visits Grave of Her Bulgarian Brother in Sofia
  13. ^ Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff receives traditional welcoming in Veliko Tarnovo. Focus News Agency. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  14. ^ a b Rousseff visits Turkey Hurriyet Daily. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  15. ^ Turkish President Vows to Boost Relations with Brazil CRI English. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  16. ^ IBSA: UN Security Council must reform Independent Online. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  17. ^ a b Dilma Rousseff visit may boost trade relations between Mozambique and Brazil Archived 1 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Club of Mozambique. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  18. ^ Mozambique: Brazilian President to Visit Country AllAfrica. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  19. ^ a b c d e Brazil's Rousseff praises 'brother' Angola Google News (AFP). Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  20. ^ a b c President Dilma Rousseff Returns to Brazil AllAfrica (AngolaPress). Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  21. ^ a b Rousseff Says Brazil Ready To Aid EU NASDAQ. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  22. ^ Brazil Strongly Supports UNESCO InsideCostaRica. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  23. ^ Leaders at Americas talks: world economy top worry The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  24. ^ Venezuela confirms buys jets from Brazil's Embraer Reuters. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  25. ^ Agenda: Cúpula de Chefes de Estado do Mercosul Archived 22 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Palácio do Planalto. Retrieved 20 December 2011. (in Portuguese).
  26. ^ Mercosur drafting resolution barring Falklands’ flagged vessels from all regional ports Mercopress. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  27. ^ Chavez expected in Montevideo to announce Venezuela’s Mercosur full membership Mercopress. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Viagens Internacionais da Presidenta da República/2012 Presidency of Brazil. Retrieved 5 February 2012. (in Portuguese).
  29. ^ a b c d e Rousseff Extends Brazil’s Regional Influence in Cuba and Haiti[permanent dead link‍] Council of the Americas. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
  30. ^ Brazil's Rousseff in Haiti after Cuba visit Yahoo! News. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  31. ^ Greeting Words of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff Archived 4 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine CeBIT. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  32. ^ a b c Merkel, Rousseff clash over 'monetary tsunami' AFP. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  33. ^ a b Brazil's Rousseff to weigh French jet buy in India AFP. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  34. ^ Brazil and U.S. Accentuate the Positive The New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  35. ^ Obama and Brazil's president discuss trade, energy CNN. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  36. ^ Mercosur suspends Paraguay, embraces Venezuela Archived 2 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine EFE. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  37. ^ Casa Brasil at Somerset House Archived 27 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine VisitLondon. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  38. ^ Dilma almoça com atletas brasileiros em Londres Archived 30 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine Planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 27 July 2012. (in Portuguese).
  39. ^ a b c d e "BOL Notícias".
  40. ^ Jackson, David (17 September 2013). "Brazil cancels U.S. visit over spy claims". USA Today. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
  41. ^ With dinner and monument tour, Obama, Rousseff try to show spy scandal is thing of the past Archived 2 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine By DARLENE SUPERVILLE and ADRIANA GOMEZ LICON, Associated Press on 29 June 2015
  42. ^ Brazil Tries To Rebuild Relations With U.S. After NSA Spying Scandal by Jackie Northam in 30 June 2015 (NPR)
  43. ^ "Brazil's president visits Sweden". Radio Sweden. 19 October 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  44. ^ "Brazilian President Rousseff Wants to Renew the Education System With Finnish Methods". Finland Today. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  45. ^ Pimenta, Angela (23 November 2015). "Is Dilma Rousseff the Comeback Kid of Brazil?". The New York Observer. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  46. ^ Pimenta, Angela (23 November 2015). "Is Dilma Rousseff the Comeback Kid of Brazil?". The New York Observer. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
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