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List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev

This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

Gorbachev at the Brandenburg Gate in April 1986
Gorbachev addressing UN General Assembly session, 1988
Ronald and Nancy Reagan, as well as the Gorbachevs in the Cross Hall of the White House before a state dinner, 8 December 1987

Summary of visits

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1985

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The closing joint-press conference of the Geneva Summit, 21 November 1985

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1985:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
  France Paris 2–5 October[1] Met with President François Mitterrand.[2]
  Netherlands The Hague 2 November [3]
  Switzerland Geneva 19–21 November See Geneva Summit (1985)
  Bulgaria Sofia 8 December Warsaw Pact summit[4]

1986

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President Reagan and Gorbachev outside Höfði in Reykjavík

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1986:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
  East Germany East Berlin 17–21 April 11th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany[5][6]
  Hungary Budapest 8-12 June State visit and Warsaw Pact summit.[7][8][9][10][11]
  Poland Warsaw 29 June – 3 July State visit[12]
  Iceland Reykjavík 11–12 October See Reykjavík Summit[13]
  Austria Vienna October Working visit[14]
  India New Delhi 25–28 November [15][16][17][18][19]

1987

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1987:

Country Cities visited Date(s) Details
  Czechoslovakia Prague
Bratislava 		9–12 April State visit.[20] It was postponed for four days due to Gorbachev having a "cold".[21][22] This also caused him to end his trip a day early so he could get a some rest before meeting with Secretary James Baker of the US the following week.[23]
  France Paris May State visit[24]
  Romania Bucharest 25–28 May [25][26][27][28][29][30]
  United Kingdom RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire 7 December En route to Washington, D.C.
  United States Washington, D.C. 7–10 December Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit (1987).[31]

1988

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Gorbachev (right) and his spouse Raisa Gorbacheva after a meeting in Wawel Castle during a visit to Poland, July 1988

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1988:

Country Locations visited Date(s) Details
  Yugoslavia Belgrade
Dubrovnik[32]
Brdo pri Kranju[33] 		14-19 March State visit.[34][35][36]
  Poland Warsaw
Kraków
Szczecin 		11–17 July State visit[37] and Warsaw Pact summit[38][39][40][41]
  India New Delhi 17–21 November [42][43]
  United States New York City 7–8 December Gorbachev left the Warsaw Pact Summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day.[44] See Governors Island Summit.

1989

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1989:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
  Ireland Shannon, County Clare 2 April Stopover visit en route to Cuba. Met with Taoiseach Charles Haughey and Tánaiste Brian Lenihan Snr at Shannon Airport.[45][46]
  Cuba Havana 2–5 April State visit[47][48][49][50][51]
  United Kingdom London 6–8 April He was also received at Heathrow Airport by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with full military honors provided by the Queen's Colour Squadron.[52] He was also received with full military honors from the Coldstream Guards at Windsor Castle with Queen Elizabeth II.[53]
  China Beijing 15–18 May See 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit[54][55][56]
  West Germany Bonn 12–16 June [57][58][59]
  France Paris
Strasbourg 		4–6 July [60][61][62][63][64][65]
  East Germany East Berlin 6–7 October Attended the GDR's ruby jubilee military parade and celebrations.[66][67][59]
  Finland Helsinki
Oulu 		25–27 October State visit. Met with President Mauno Koivisto and Prime Minister Harri Holkeri[68][69][70]
  Vatican Vatican City 29 November Met with Pope John Paul II.[71][72]
  Italy Rome 29 November – 1 December[73] State Visit[74][75][76][77][78]
  Malta Birżebbuġa (Maksim Gorkiy) 1–3 December See Malta Summit[79][80]

1990

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1990:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
  Canada Ottawa 29–30 May He visited on a 36-hour stopover to Washington, in which he was received by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, with the latter welcoming him with full honors at the airport by the RCMP.[81][82][83][84][85][86]
  United States Washington
Camp David 		30 May – 3 June Signed the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord. See Washington Summit
  United States Twin Cities,

Minnesota

3 June State visit where he met with Governor Rudy Perpich at the Minnesota Governor's Residence, then toured the Twin Cities including the Minnesota State Capitol, culminating in a meeting with various Minnesotan companies at the Minneapolis Radisson Hotel and visiting the Control Data Corporation in Bloomington.[87][88][89]
  Finland Helsinki 9 September Discussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with U.S. President George H.W. Bush.[90][91][92] See Helsinki Summit
  France Paris 19 November Signing of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

1991

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1991:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
  Japan Tokyo 15–19 April [93][94][95]
  South Korea Seoul 19 April [96]
  Norway Oslo 4–5 June Nobel Peace Prize acceptance[97]
  Sweden Stockholm 6 June Working visit. met with Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson and Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello.[98]
  United Kingdom London 17 July He attended the 17th G7 summit at the invitation of Prime Minister John Major.
  Spain Madrid 29–30 October See Madrid Conference of 1991

Cancelled visits

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Country Areas to be visited Date(s) Details
  Mexico Mexico City 1987 [99][100]
  Greece Athens 1987 [101]
  Cuba Havana 1988 [citation needed]
  Norway Oslo 10 December 1990 Was supposed to accept the Nobel Peace Prize[102][103]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Gorbachev arrives in Paris Wednesday".
  2. ^ Medvedev 1986, pp. 237–238; McCauley 1998, p. 142; Taubman 2017, pp. 278–279.
  3. ^ "Gorbachev tried to delay deployment decision with Dutch Missiles". Associated Press.
  4. ^ Binder, David (8 December 1985). "Going Back: Bulgaria, 20 Years Later". The New York Times.
  5. ^ "Gorbachev visits East Berlin, April 17, 1986". 26 May 2017.
  6. ^ Markham, James M. (22 April 1986). "East Germany: How Much Leeway?". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "Soviet's leader Mikhail Gorbachev , his wife Raisa Gorbacheva and". 7 January 2019.
  8. ^ "Television Announces Gorbachev To Visit Hungary". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  9. ^ "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev left for Budapest Sunday to..." UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  10. ^ Kaufman, Michael T.; Times, Special To the New York (10 June 1986). "Gorbachev Offers an a-Plant Pact". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  11. ^ Diehl, Jackson (9 June 1986). "Gorbachev and Kadar Meet 4 1/2 Hours, Focus on Economy". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  12. ^ "AROUND THE WORLD; Gorbachev Said to Plan Trip to Polish Congress". The New York Times. 29 June 1986.
  13. ^ "The Reykjavik Summit". The Reagan Vision. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  14. ^ История России в новейшее время 1985-2009 гг. Учебник. Издательство "Проспект". 23 June 2017. ISBN 9785392011537.
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  16. ^ Los Angeles Times [dead link‍]
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  29. ^ Doder & Branson 1990, p. 230; Taubman 2017, p. 385.
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  32. ^ "Gorbačov u Dubrovniku". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
  33. ^ "Susret s Popitom i Kučanom". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
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  35. ^ "Gorbachev Praises Yugoslav System as Model for Modernizing Soviet Economy". Los Angeles Times. 18 March 1988.
  36. ^ Tagliabue, John (18 March 1988). "Tepid Times for Gorbachev in a Thriving Yugoslav City". The New York Times.
  37. ^ "Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Report". 1993.
  38. ^ "Gorbachev Brings Message of Perestroika to Poland". Associated Press.
  39. ^ "Gorbachev in Poland: A study in contrasts. Polish leader doesn't share his enthusiasm for rapid change". Christian Science Monitor. 15 July 1988.
  40. ^ "Warsaw Pact Summit Begins". Chicago Tribune. 16 July 1988.
  41. ^ Tagliabue, John (16 July 1988). "Gorbachev in Warsaw Pact Meeting". The New York Times.
  42. ^ "Gorbachev leaves for India visit".
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  44. ^ "Travels of President George H. W. Bush". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011.
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  47. ^ "500,000 Cubans Cheer Gorbachev's Arrival : Castro Embraces Soviet President at Havana's Airport with No Sign of Tension over Policies". Los Angeles Times. 3 April 1989.
  48. ^ Keller, Bill (3 April 1989). "Gorbachev Begins His Visit to Cuba with Castro's Hug". The New York Times.
  49. ^ Keller, Bill (5 April 1989). "Gorbachev Signs Treaty with Cuba". The New York Times.
  50. ^ Pavlov, Yuri A. (1994). "Movement in Opposite Directions". Soviet-Cuban Alliance 1959-1991. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 139.
  51. ^ ""Фидель смотрел с презрением": как Горбачев предал Кубу". 2 April 2019.
  52. ^ "Gorbachev Arrives in London for 2-Day Visit". Los Angeles Times. 6 April 1989.
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  54. ^ Keller, Bill (15 May 1989). "Gorbachev Visits Beijing for Start of Summit Talks". The New York Times.
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  56. ^ Vamos, Peter (2010). China Learns From the Soviet Union. Lexington Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7391-4224-0.
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  67. ^ "'Don't Panic,' Gorbachev Tells East Germans". Los Angeles Times. 7 October 1989.
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  82. ^ "Gorbachev Will Stop in Canada Before Summit". Los Angeles Times. 16 May 1990. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  83. ^ Burns, John F.; Times, Special To the New York (30 May 1990). "Toward the Summit; Problems Back in Moscow Greet Gorbachev in Canada". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
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  91. ^ "Even in Finland, nationalists haunt Gorbachev: Karelians want homeland Leaflet on territory turns up at summit".
  92. ^ "Film Mikhail Gorbachev's visit to Finland. (1990)".
  93. ^ Weisman, Steven R. (16 April 1991). "Gorbachev on Peace Mission to Japan". The New York Times.
  94. ^ "Gorbachev in Japan Seeking Aid". Chicago Tribune.
  95. ^ "Gorbachev Raises Hopes in Japan". Christian Science Monitor. 10 April 1991.
  96. ^ Joo, Seung-Ho (1993). "Gorbachev's foreign policy toward the two Koreas, 1985-1991: Power and the new political thinking".
  97. ^ Schmidt, William E. (6 June 1991). "Gorbachev, in Oslo, Links World Peace to Perestroika". The New York Times.
  98. ^ "Gorbachev holds talks with Swedish government".
  99. ^ "Gorbachev to visit Mexico next year".
  100. ^ "Gorbachev to Visit".
  101. ^ "Gorbachev first Soviet leader to visit Greece".
  102. ^ "Gorbachev drops Nobel trip to deal with Soviet crisis".
  103. ^ "EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Nobel Panel Rejects Request by Gorbachev for New Date". The New York Times. 29 November 1990.

Works cited

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