The sponges of Venezuela are a part of the Porifera fauna of Venezuela (which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela).
A number of species of sponges are found in the wild in Venezuela.
This is a partial list of the marine and freshwater sponges of Venezuela. The families are listed alphabetically within the classes.
Statistics
edit| Environment | Nº of Families | Nº of Genera | Nº of Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine species | 39 | 54 | 100 |
| Freshwater species | 3 | 10 | 17 |
| Total | 42 | 64 | 117 |
Marine sponges
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Family Acarnidae
Family Adociidae
- Sigmadocia caerulea Hechtel 1965[2]
Family Aplysinidae
- Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)[3][4]
- Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001[5]
- Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)[3]
- Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766)[6][7][8]
- Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)[3]
- Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)[3][4]
Family Callyspongiidae
- Callyspongia arcesiosa Laubenfels, 1936[8]
- Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)[3][6]
Family Chalinidae
- Chalinula molitba (Laubenfels, 1949)[8]
Family Chondrillidae
- Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007[8]
- Chondrilla nucula Smithdt 1862[2][6][7]
Family Clionidae
- Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973[2][8]
- Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[7]
Family Coelosphaeridae
Family Crambeidae
- Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[8]
Family Darwinellidae
- Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowski, 1878)[8]
- Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967[8]
- Darwinella rosacea Hechtel, 1965[8]
Family Desmacididae
- Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)[3][9][8]
Family Desmacidonidae
- Liosina monticulosa (Verrill, 1907)[2]
Family Dysidea
- Dysidea etheria Laubenfels, 1936[8]
Family Dictyonellidae
- Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977)[7]
Family Dysideidae
- Dysidea etheria Laubenfels, 1936[3]
Family Geodiidae
- Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815[2][1][8]
- Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965[8]
Family Grantiidae
- Leucandra aspera (Schmidt, 1862)
Family Halichondriidae
- Anthosigmella varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[2]
- Halichondria magniculosa Hechtel[2]
- Halichondria melanadocia Laubenfels, 1936[7][1]
- Topsentia ophiraphidites (Laubenfels, 1934)[10]
Family Halicloniidae
- Haliclona caerulea (Hechtel, 1965)[8]
- Haliclona crassiloba Laubenfels, 1950[2]
- Haliclona curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980)[8]
- Haliclona doria Laubenfels, 1936[2]
- Haliclona implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965)[8]
- Haliclona magnifica de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991[8]
- Haliclona manglaris Alcolado, 1984[8]
- Haliclona permollis (Bowerbank, 1866)[2]
- Haliclona picadaerensis[8]
- Haliclona tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919)[1][8]
- Haliclona twincayensis de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991[8]
- Haliclona viridis (Keller, 1889) [2]
- Niphastes variabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[2]
Family Halisarcidae
Family Heteroxyidae
- Myrmekioderma rea (de Laubenfels, 1934)[10]
Family Hymedesmiidae
- Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[5]
Family Iotrochotidae
- Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)[3]
Family Irciniidae
- Irsinia fasciculata (Pallas, 1766)[2][6]
- Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[3][7][8]
- Irsinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][6][7][8]
Family Microcionidae
- Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984[8]
- Clathria ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936)[8]
- Clathria venosa Hooper, 1996[1]
- Clathria microchela (Stephens, 1916)[8]
- Clathria schoenus (Laubenfels, 1936)[8]
- Clathria venosa (Alcolado, 1984)[8]
- Microciona[2]
- Pandaros acanthifolium Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[3][1]
Family Mycalidae
- Ulosa hispida Hechtel, 1965[2]
- Mycale americana van Soest, 1984[8]
- Mycale angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[8]
- Mycale carmigropila Hajdu & Rützler, 1998[8]
- Mycale citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998[8]
- Mycale laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[8]
- Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984[8]
- Mycale microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927[3][7][9][1]
Family Niphatidae
- Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[8]
- Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[7]
- Gelliodes ramosa Kieschnick, 1898[6]
- Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) [6]
- Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[1][8]
Family Ophlitaspongiidae
- Biemna caribea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986[8]
- Biemna microstyla Laubenfels, 1950[2]
- Desmacella jania Verrill, 1907[2]
- Desmacella meliorata Wiedenmayer, 1977[8]
Family Petrosiidae
- Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)[8]
Family Phloeodictyidae
- Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919)[8]
Family Placospongiidae
- Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888[8]
Family Spirastrellidae
Family Spongiidae
- Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877[8]
- Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759[2]
- Spongia tubulifera Lamarck, 1814[8]
- Spongia zimocca Schmidt, 1862[2]
Family Suberitidae
- Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Álvarez & van Soest, 1987)[10][8]
- Suberites aurantiacus (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)[8]
- Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[1]
- Terpios zeteki Laubenfels 1936[2]
- Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993[8]
Family Sycettidae
Family Tethyidae
- Tethya actinia de Laubenfels, 1950[8]
- Tethya seychellensis (Wright, 1881)[8]
Family Tedaniide
- Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864)[2][3][1]
- Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882)[2][8]
Family Tetillidae
- Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929)[8]
- Cinachyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929)[7]
- Cinachyrella tarentina (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) [6]
Family Thorectidae
- Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864[8]
- Hyrtios violaceus (Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864)[3]
Freshwater sponges
editFamily Metaniidae
- Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863) [11]
- Drulia browni (Bowerbank, 1863)[11]
- Drulia conifera Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973[11]
- Drulia cristata (Weltner, 1895)[11]
- Drulia uruguayensis Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968[11]
- Metania reticulata (Bowerbank, 1863)[11]
Family Potamolepidae
- Onosclera intermedia (Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973)[11]
- Onosclera navicella (Carter, 1881)[11]
- Onosclera spinifera (Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973)[11]
- Uruguaya corallioides (Bowerbank, 1863)[11]
Family Spongillidae
- Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera (Ezcurra de drago, 1974)[11]
- Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Rivero, 1976[11]
- Spongilla alba Carter, 1849[11]
- Pottsiela spoliata Volkmer-Rivero & Maciel, 1983[11]
- Trochospongilla gregaria (Bowerbank, 1863)[11]
- Trochospongilla minuta (Postt, 1887)[11]
- Trochospongilla paulula (Bowerbank, 1863)[11]
See also
edit- List of echinoderms of Venezuela
- List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela
- List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
- List of molluscs of Falcón state, Venezuela
- List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
- List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela
- List of birds of Venezuela
- List of mammals of Venezuela
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sutherland, J.P. 1980: Dynamics of the epibenthic community on roots of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle, at Bahia de Buche, Venezuela. Marine Biology, 58:75-84. PDF
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Díaz, Humberto., Bevilacqua, Marina. y Bone, David. 1985. Esponjas del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana. Caracas. 64p.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Catálogo de la colección de Porifera del Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central (MBUCV-XX)
- ^ a b Villamizar, E. and R. A. Laughlin. 1991. Fauna associated with the sponges Aplysina archeri and Aplysina lacunosa in a coral reef of the Archipielago de Los Roques, National Park, Venezuela. Pages 522–542 in J. Reitner and H. Keupp, eds. Fossil and recent sponges. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- ^ a b Venezuelatuya.com: Esponjas Marinas por Fundación La Tortuga. http://www.venezuelatuya.com/natura/esponjasmarinas.htm
- ^ a b c d e f g h Pompa M, Luis A. y Lin, Alan L. 1980: Carotenoides de algunas demospongias (Porifera) de la Bahía de Mochima, Edo. Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico Universidad de Oriente 19(1-2):9-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Amaro, María E. y Liñero-Arana, Ildefonso. 2002: Demospongiae (Porifera) de Isla Larga, bahía de Mochima, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela 41(1-2):45=53. PDF Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba María Cristina Díaz and Klaus Rützler 2009: Biodiversity and abundance of sponges in Caribbean mangrove: indicators of environmental quality. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 38:151-172. PDF Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Reinaldo S. Compagnone, Maria C. Oliveri, Ivette C. Piña, Sheila Marques, Héctor R. Rangel, Fracehulli Dagger, AlÍrica I. Suárez & Matilde Gómez. 1999: 5-Alkylpyrrole-2-Carboxaldehydes From the Caribbean Sponges Mycale Microsigmatosa and Desmapsamma Anchorata. Natural Product Letters, 13(3) :203=211.
- ^ a b c Díaz, M.C.; Alvarez, B.; van Soest, R.W.M. 1987. New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park 'Archipiélago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 57 (1): 31-41.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Volkmer-Ribeiro, Cecilia. y Pauls, Sheila M. 2000: Esponjas de agua dulce (Porifera, Desmopongiae) de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 20(1):1-28
Other references
edit- Álvarez, A. I. 1989. Establecimiento, desarrollo y mantenimiento de una comunidad epibentónica tropical. [Settlement, Development and Maintenance of a Tropical Epibenthic Community.] Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Diaz, M. C., S. Pauls, E. Villamizar, A. Alvizu, M. E. Amaro, M. Cellamare, S. Grune, I. Hernández, S. Narciso, A. Pérez, J. Pérez, I. Ramírez, R. Ramos, M. P. Romero, and P. Young. 2003. Porifera Biodiversity in Nueva Esparta, Venezuela: Common Species from La Restinga and Cabugua Island. Abstract. The Twin Cays Mangrove Ecosystem, Belize: Biodiversity, Geological History, and Two Decades of Change. Report from a Workshop, Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, Florida, December 2003. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Pauls, S. 1998. Estudio Sistemático y Biodiversidad de Porifera y Cnidaria en la Bahía de la P. N. Henri Pittier. [Systematic and Diversity Study of Porifera and Cnidaria of the Ciénaga de Ocumare de la Costa Bay, Henri Pittier National Park.] Caracas: Escuela de Biología, Universidad Central de Venezuela.
- Pauls, S. 2003. “Esponjas.” In Biodiversidad en Venezuela. [“Sponges.”In Biodiversity of Venezuela.], ed. M. Aguilera, A. Azocar, and E. Gonzales, pp. 210– 219. Caracas, Venezuela: Polar Foundation and Ministry of Science and Technology.
- Pérez, A. 2007. Biodiversidad y Estructura Comunitaria de Poriferos Asociados a Raíces del Manglar, Rhizophora mangle, en el P. N. Laguna de La Restinga, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. [Biodiversity and Community Structure of Porifers Associated to Mangrove Roots, Rizophora mangle, in Laguna de La Restinga National Park, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.] Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Ramírez, I. 2002. Taxonomía de Esponjas (Porifera: Demospongiae) de la Laguna de Bocaripo, Estado Sucre, e Islote Caribe, Dependencia Federal, Venezuela. [Taxonomy of the Sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) of Bocaripo Lagoon, Estado Sucre, and Caribe Island, Dependencia Federal, Venezuela.] Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná.
External links
edit- M. Cristina Diaz and Klaus Rützler. 2001: Sponges: an essential component of Caribbean coral reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(2): 535–546
- World Register of Marine Species (Worms)
- World Porifera database