Wikipedia

List of weapons of the Portuguese Colonial War

The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial), also referred to as the Portuguese Overseas War or Overseas War (Portuguese: Guerra do Ultramar) for short, was a military conflict staged during the Decolonisation of Africa that pitted the guerrilla forces of the African nationalist Liberation movements of the Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique overseas provinces, which were part of the Portuguese Empire, against the colonial armed and security forces loyal to the authoritarian Estado Novo regime of Portugal, between 1961 and 1975. Main combatants comprised:

Portuguese Army soldiers in the beginning of the War in Angola. The camouflage uniforms and the FN FAL assault rifles identify them as Caçadores Especiais. At this time, the remaining Army forces still wore yellow khaki field uniforms and were mostly armed with bolt-action rifles.
Soldiers of the PAIGC raise the flag of Guinea-Bissau in 1974.

An eclectic variety of weapons was used by all sides in the Portuguese Colonial War. The Portuguese Military and Security Forces serving in the African territories were equipped with Western-made weapon systems from both World War I and World War II, mainly Portuguese, Austro-Hungarian, Danish, German, Italian, French, Canadian and British in origin, but also included more modern Portuguese, Spanish, French, British, Belgian, Dutch, West German, American and South African military hardware. During the early phase of the war, the African Liberation Movements likewise were largely equipped with WWII-vintage Western arms and munitions, though as the war went on, Soviet, Eastern Bloc and Chinese weaponry began to play a major role, particularly after 1970.[7]

Portuguese Military and Security Forces equipment

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Revolvers

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Smith & Wesson Model 49 Bodyguard .38 Special.

Received from the Portuguese Army or privately purchased, used by colonial public servants and officials as personal side-arms for self-defence.[10]

Pistols

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Submachine guns

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Pistola-metralhadora FBP m/948.
 
Uzi with a folding stock.

Bolt-action rifles

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Battle rifles

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ArmaLite AR-10 assault rifle (Portuguese model).
 
FN FAL assault rifle (50.00 model).

Sniper rifles

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Light machine guns

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Metralhadora ligeira 7,62 mm m/963 HK21

General-purpose machine guns

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Metralhadora 7,92 mm m/944 MG34 Borsig
 
Metralhadora 7,92 mm m/944 MG42

Medium and Heavy machine guns

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Metralhadora pesada 12,7 mm m/955 Browning M2

Grenade systems

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Land mine systems

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Bombs and explosives

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Rocket systems

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Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

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Recoilless rifles

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Mortars

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Howitzers

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Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

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Armoured vehicles

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Escort, transport and recovery vehicles

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Helicopters

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A Portuguese Air Force Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopter deploying paratroopers armed with 7.62mm ArmaLite AR-10 rifles during an assault operation in Angola.

Aircraft

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A Portuguese Air Force F-84G Thunderjet being loaded with ordnance at Luanda Air Base, 1960s.
 
Portuguese Fiat G.91 fighter-bomber, deployed by the Portuguese Air Force in the theatres of Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique.
 
Two former Portuguese North American T-6G Texan trainers now on display on the National Museum of Military History in Luanda, Angola, 2015.
 
A Lockheed PV-2C Harpoons of the Portuguese Air Force, 1970s.
 
Portuguese Air Force Dornier Do 27.
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Portuguese Navy landing craft during the Portuguese Colonial War, 1973.

African Liberation Movements equipment

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Pistols

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Submachine guns

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MP 40 Submachine gun
 
MAT-49 Submachine gun

Bolt-action rifles

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Chinese Type 53 carbine.

Semi-automatic rifles

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SKS semi-automatic rifles were used by the guerrillas before the full introduction of AK-47 and AKM assault rifles.

Battle rifles

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AK-47 assault rifle, widely used by the African guerrilla movements.
 
Vz. 58 assault rifle.

Sniper rifles

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Hungarian M/52 rifle with PU 3.5× optics
  • M/52 (Hungarian copy of the Soviet Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30 sniper rifle)

Shotguns

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  • Canhangulo (home-made shotgun): employed early in the War in both Angola and Mozambique.

Light machine guns

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Chinese Type 53 light machine gun
 
RP-46 light machine gun
 
Vz. 52 machine gun

General-purpose machine guns

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MG 42s (second and third from left) in a training camp of the FNLA, in Zaire, 1973, along with a Madsen machine gun and several Karabiner 98ks and Pattern 1914 Enfields.

Medium and Heavy machine guns

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FNLA soldiers undergoing training with a DShKM 12.7mm Heavy machine gun at a base camp in Zaire, 22 August 1973.

Grenade systems

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Land mine systems

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Bombs and explosives

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Rocket and missile systems

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Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

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PAIGC guerrillas armed with AKMs and Type 69 RPGs manning a checkpoint in Guinea-Bissau, 1974.

Recoilless rifles

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Mortars

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Howitzers

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Anti-tank guns

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Heavy equipment used by the PAIGC, including two ZiS-2 and ZiS-3 anti-tank guns, a DShKM Heavy machine gun and a B-10 recoilless rifle, now on display at Bissau.

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

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Armoured vehicles

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Transport vehicles

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GAZ-66 light truck in military service with the PAIGC liberation movement in Guinea-Bissau, 1973.

Aircraft

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 33.
  2. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), pp. 57–58.
  3. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8; 12.
  4. ^ a b c Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 51.
  5. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–9.
  6. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–10.
  7. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 10.
  8. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 66.
  9. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 13–15.
  10. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 63.
  11. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 61–63.
  12. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 80–82.
  13. ^ Supica, Jim; Nahas, Richard (2007). Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. pp. 141–143, 174, 210–211. ISBN 978-0-89689-293-4.
  14. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 82.
  15. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 100–103.
  16. ^ Grant, The Luger (2018), p. 28.
  17. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 176–178.
  18. ^ Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38 (2022), p. 71.
  19. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 134–137.
  20. ^ Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 6; 17.
  21. ^ "As Armas da 1ª Guerra Mundial". quelegalbakana.blogspot.com (in Portuguese). 5 September 2007.
  22. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 160–162.
  23. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 213.
  24. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 166–168.
  25. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17; 37.
  26. ^ Quesada, MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns (2014), p. 62.
  27. ^ a b c Pinto, Major-general Renato Fernando Marques. "As Indústrias Militares e As Armas de Fogo Portáteis no Exército Português". REVISTA MILITAR. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  28. ^ Krott, Robb (June 2000). "The Belgium Vigneron SMG: Belgium's Little Known Submachine Gun". Small Arms Review. No. V3N9.
  29. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 179–181.
  30. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17–18.
  31. ^ Gander, Terry J. (2000). "National inventories, Portugal". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001–2002. p. 3371.
  32. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 182–184.
  33. ^ Thompson, The Sten Gun (2012), p. 74.
  34. ^ Moss, The Sterling Submachine Gun (2018), p. 64.
  35. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 214.
  36. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 185–187.
  37. ^ "MPL & MPK: Walther's Cold War MP Subguns". Tactical Life Gun Magazine: Gun News and Gun Reviews. 6 October 2015.
  38. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 88–93.
  39. ^ Paul, Scarlata (October 20, 2012). "The Portuguese Mod. 1904 Mauser Vergueiro". Shotgun News. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
  40. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 138–143.
  41. ^ Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
  42. ^ Reynolds, Dan, The Rifles of Portugal 1880–1980, "Port". Archived from the original on 2008-10-05. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  43. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 107–111.
  44. ^ Out, Roger (July 2012). "Le fusil britannique Page 14". Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 444. pp. 30–36.
  45. ^ a b c d e Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 34.
  46. ^ a b Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), pp. 75; 79–80.
  47. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 177; 183–184.
  48. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 198–200.
  49. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 38.
  50. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 358–359.
  51. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 188–191.
  52. ^ a b c Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
  53. ^ a b Cashner, The FN FAL Battle Rifle (2013), pp. 46–47.
  54. ^ Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), p. 79.
  55. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 183–184; 358–359.
  56. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 192–197.
  57. ^ Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29–31.
  58. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 196.
  59. ^ Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 342.
  60. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 127–130.
  61. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 7.
  62. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 144–147.
  63. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 7; 18.
  64. ^ Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 530.
  65. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 156–159.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 35.
  67. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 178.
  68. ^ Miller, The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns (2001), page unknown.
  69. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 205–208.
  70. ^ Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5
  71. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 163–165.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 18.
  73. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 178; 183–184.
  74. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 201–204.
  75. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 36.
  76. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 148–152.
  77. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 169–171.
  78. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 172–175.
  79. ^ a b Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 220.
  80. ^ LEXPEV. "Portuguese grenades". Lexpev.nl. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
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  82. ^ António de Araújo e António Duarte Silva, O uso de napalm na Guerra Colonial – quatro documentos, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IPRI-UNL), 17 de Setembro de 2008. (in Portuguese) – [1]
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  84. ^ a b Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), p. 49.
  85. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 109; 178.
  86. ^ a b c Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 178.
  87. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), pp. 34–35.
  88. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 173; 178.
  89. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), page unknown.
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  96. ^ Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 50; 143.
  97. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 104–105; 143; 390-392.
  98. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  99. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
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  101. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  102. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  103. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 390-392.
  104. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 402.
  105. ^ Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 35–38; 41; 80–82.
  106. ^ a b Fontanellaz, Cooper & Matos, War of Intervention in Angola, Volume 3: Angolan and Cuban Air Forces, 1975–1985 (2020), p. 25.
  107. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 215.
  108. ^ Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 75–77.
  109. ^ Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 37–38; 70–74.
  110. ^ Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea (2007), pp. 37–40; 67–69.
  111. ^ Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 53–55.
  112. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  113. ^ Gonçalves, Odissea em África – Os M5A1 em Angola (2010), pp. 83–91.
  114. ^ a b Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), p. 124.
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  116. ^ Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), p. 123.
  117. ^ Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 52–53.
  118. ^ a b Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), pp. 122–124.
  119. ^ Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 52–53; 55.
  120. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  121. ^ Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 53–54.
  122. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  123. ^ a b c Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), pp. 123–125; 154.
  124. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  125. ^ a b Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), pp. 27; 123–125.
  126. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  127. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  128. ^ Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I) (2000), pp. 50; 53.
  129. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 386-389.
  130. ^ Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), pp. 123–124.
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  151. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 24; 35.
  152. ^ Willis, "Warplane Classic: Republic F-84 Thunderjet, Thunderstreak and Thunderflash" (2008), pp. 152; 164.
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  154. ^ Canongia Lopes, "Portugal's Ginas" (1988), pp. 64; 66–71.
  155. ^ a b Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 98.
  156. ^ Niccoli, "Fiat G.91, NATO's Lightweight Fighter" (2002), pp. 174; 181.
  157. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 24; 38.
  158. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 25; 36; 168.
  159. ^ Mesko and Greer, A-26 Invader in action (1993), p. 45.
  160. ^ Hagedorn and Hellström, Foreign Invaders, the Douglas Invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service (1994), pages unknown.
  161. ^ Portuguese Military Aviation – The Douglas B-26B/B-26C Invader.
  162. ^ Davis, Greer and Manley, T-6 Texan in action (1999), pp. 55–56.
  163. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 25; 72; 98.
  164. ^ a b Canongia Lopes, High Winged Workhorses: Broussards and Dorniers in Portuguese Service (1998), p. 44.
  165. ^ a b Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 25; 36; 98.
  166. ^ Niccoli, Portuguese Numerology: Serial systems used by the Aeronautica Militar and the Força Aerea Portuguesa (1998), p. 38.
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See also

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References

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  • Adrien Fontanellaz, Tom Cooper & Jose Augusto Matos, War of Intervention in Angola, Volume 3: Angolan and Cuban Air Forces, 1975–1985, Helion & Company Publishing, Warwick, UK 2020. ISBN 978-1-913118-61-7
  • André Garcez and Alexandre Coutinho, 50 Anos – Alouette III na Força Aérea, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisbon 2013. ISBN 9789899728387 (in Portuguese)
  • António José Telo and Mário Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro, Prefácio, Lisbon 2004. ISBN 972-8816-43-X (in Portuguese)
  • Aniceto Afonso and Carlos de Matos Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique, Editorial Notícias, Lisbon 2000. ISBN 972-46-1192-2 (in Portuguese)
  • Alexandre Coutinho and Luís Viegas, Land Rover em Portugal: A História de um Ícone – Do Series I ao Defender, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisboa 2017. ISBN 9789899901247 (in Portuguese)
  • Alexandre Gonçalves, Odissea em África – Os M5A1 em Angola, in Cadernos Militares do Lanceiro No 3, Ano II, Lisbon 2010. (no ISBN) (in Portuguese)
  • Alejandro de Quesada, MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns, Weapon series 31, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2014. ISBN 978 1 78096 388 4
  • Bill Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters, Salamander Books Ltd, London 1981. ISBN 978-0861011100
  • Bob Cashner, The FN FAL Battle Rifle, Weapon series 27, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2013. ISBN 978 1 78096 903 9
  • Chris McNab, Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS, Weapon series 33, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2014. ISBN 9781782007944
  • David Miller, The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns, Salamander Books Ltd., London 2001. ISBN 1-84065-245-4
  • David Willis, "Warplane Classic: Republic F-84 Thunderjet, Thunderstreak and Thunderflash", International Air Power Review, Volume 24, 2008, pp. 132–165. ISSN 1473-9917
  • Dan Hagedorn and Leif Hellström, Foreign Invaders, the Douglas Invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service, Midland Publishing, Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK 1994. ISBN 1-85780-013-3
  • Edward George, The Cuban intervention in Angola, Frank Cass Publishers, New York 2005. ISBN 978-0415647106
  • Gordon L. Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade, Weapon series 2, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2010. ISBN 978 1 84908 153 5
  • Gordon L. Rottman, The AK-47 Kalashnikov-series assault rifles, Weapon series 8, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2011. ISBN 978-1-84908-461-1
  • Klaus P. Storkmann, Geheime Solidarität: Militärbeziehungen und Militärhilfen der DDR in die "Dritte Welt", Christoph Links Verlag GmbH. 2012. ISBN 978-3-86153-676-5 (in German)
  • Jim Mesko and Don Greer, A-26 Invader in action, Aircraft Number 134, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas 1993. ISBN 0-89747-296-9
  • João Pedro Gomes Timóteo, Portuguese Military Procurement During the Colonial War (1961-1974), Mestrado em História Moderna e Contemporânea, ISCTE-IUL, Setembro 2020. – [2]
  • João Vieira Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea, Prefácio, Lisbon 2007. ISBN 978-989-8022-30-1 (in Portuguese)
  • John Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38, Weapon series 82, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2022. ISBN 9781472850843
  • José Augusto Matos, Mar Verde, The Portuguese Amphibious Assault on Conakry, 1970, Africa@War Volume 55, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2021. ISBN 978-1-804510-60-5
  • José Ortiz, Angola from the trenches, International Organization of Journalists, Prague 1984. OCLC 22657439
  • Joseph E. Smith, Small Arms of the World (11th edition), The Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1969. ISBN 9780811715669
  • Scott Fitzsimmons, Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013. ISBN 978-1107-02691-9
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Jim Kinnear and Peter Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944–94, New Vanguard series 20, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1996. ISBN 1 85532 535 7
  • Simon Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual, Haynes Publishing UK, Somerset 2019. ISBN 978-1-78521-194-2
  • Tenente Coronel Manuel Jorge Pereira de Carvalho (direcção), Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974, Liga dos Amigos do Museu Militar do Porto, Porto 2000. (no ISBN) (in Portuguese)
  • Tony Eastwood and John Roach, Piston Engine Airliner Production List, The Aviation Hobby Shop, London 1991. ISBN 0-907178-37-5
  • Larry Davis, Don Greer and Perry Manley, T-6 Texan in action, Aircraft No. 94, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas 1999. ISBN 0-89747-224-1
  • Leroy Thompson, The Sten Gun, Weapon series 22, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2012. ISBN 978 1 84908 759 9
  • Leroy Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle, Weapon series 68, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019. ISBN 9781472828620
  • Rui Lopes, West Germany and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1968–1974: Between Cold War and Colonialism, Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World book series (SCCCW), Palgrave Macmillan, London 2014. ISBN 978-1137402066
  • Riccardo Niccoli, Portuguese Numerology: Serial systems used by the Aeronautica Militar and the Força Aerea Portuguesa, Air Enthusiast, No. 75, May–June 1998. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Riccardo Niccoli, "Fiat G.91, NATO's Lightweight Fighter", International Air Power Review, Volume 7, Winter 2002. ISSN 1473-9917
  • Mario Canongia Lopes, "Portugal's Fighting Thunderjets", Air Enthusiast, No. 31, July–November 1986, pp. 43–54. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Mario Canongia Lopes, "Portugal's Ginas", Air Enthusiast, No. 36, May–August 1988, pp. 61–72. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Mario Canongia Lopes, High Winged Workhorses: Broussards and Dorniers in Portuguese Service, Air Enthusiast, No. 75, May–June 1998. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Major Sam Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle, Regnum Fund Press 1998. ISBN 9986-494-38-9
  • Manuel A. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I), Edições Destarte Lda., Lisbon 2000. ISBN 972-8496-14-1 (Bi-lingual edition)
  • Manuel António Gabriel da Silva Machado and António Eleutério Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993, Revista BOINA VERDE, 1st edition 1991 (authors' 2nd edition, 1992). (no ISBN) (in Portuguese)
  • Matthew Moss, The Sterling Submachine Gun, Weapon series 65, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018. ISBN 9781472828088
  • Neil Grant, The Luger, Weapon series 64, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018. ISBN 9781472819734
  • Pedro Manuel Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisbon 2018. ISBN 9789899901261 (in Portuguese)
  • Peter Abbott, Manuel Ribeiro Rodrigues and Ron Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74, Men-at-Arms series 202, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2005. ISBN 978-0-85045-843-5
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