The Maratha Ditch was a three-mile-long[1] deep entrenchment constructed by the English East India Company around Fort William in Calcutta. It was built to protect the surrounding villages and forts from the Maratha Bargi raiders.[2][3][4][5] The ditch marked the outer limits of Calcutta city in the nineteenth century.[6][2]
| Maratha Ditch | |
|---|---|
| Kolkata, West Bengal, India | |
 The Maratha Ditch is on the boundary of Calcutta city, circling Omichund's and Gobindram Mitter's mansions | |
| Type | Entrenchment |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | British East India Company (1757–1858) |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1793 |
| Battles/wars | Maratha invasions of Bengal |
History
editDuring the Maratha invasions of Bengal, the mercenaries employed by the Marathas of Nagpur called Bargis devastated the countryside thoroughly, causing huge economic losses for Bengal. In 1742, the president of the East India Company in Bengal petitioned the nawab Alivardi Khan to create an entrenchment intended to circle the landward sides of Calcutta.[7] This request was immediately granted by Alivardi Khan, and in 1743 the Indians and Europeans co-operated to excavate a 3-mile-long ditch north of Fort William, which came to be known as the Maratha Ditch.[1]
However, the threat of Maratha invasions ceased before the ditch could be completed and it was left unfinished.[2] Subsequently, it marked the outer limits of Calcutta during the 19th century.[6] After that, it became more or less useless as a defensive work, since the deteriorated ditch could only make the movement of troops and artillery significantly difficult.[7]
The ditch was partly paved in 1799 for the Circular Road of Calcutta and was completely filled in 1893 for construction of the Harrison Road.[2] Today, a road in North Kolkata by the name of Maratha Ditch Lane marks where the entrenchment once stood.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Banerjee, Sandeep (21 March 2019). Space, Utopia and Indian Decolonization: Literary Pre-Figurations of the Postcolony. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-68639-9. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d Borden, Iain; Kerr, Joe; Pivaro, Alicia; Rendell, Jane (2002). The Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-52335-6. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b foundation, Temple of India (10 August 2018). Bengal – India's Rebellious Spirit. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64324-746-5. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ Acworth, Harry Arbuthnot (1894). Ballads of Marathas. Longmans, Green, and Company. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ Cooper, Randolf G. S. (2003). The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India: The Struggle for Control of the South Asian Military Economy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82444-6. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b Bajpai, Lopamudra Maitra (7 February 2019). Stories of the Colonial Architecture: Kolkata-Colombo. Doshor Publication. ISBN 978-81-939544-0-9. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b Reid, Stuart (30 May 2017). The Battle of Plassey, 1757: The Victory That Won an Empire. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4738-8528-8. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.