Mickelson is a Norwegian patronymic surname, literally meaning son of Michael or Mikkel (one who was like God). Notable people with the surname include:
- Anna Mickelson, American rower
- Asgeir Mickelson, Norwegian musician
- George S. Mickelson (1941–1993), American politician
- George T. Mickelson (1903–1965), eighteenth Governor of South Dakota
- Nicholas Mickelson (born 1999), Thai footballer
- Phil Mickelson (born 1970), American professional golfer